Cuestionario - Sociolinguistic 9no C1

What role does trade play in the spread of a global language?. a. It limits communication. b. It encourages the development of a common language. c. It has no impact. d. It makes communication more complex.

Which languages were prominent in medicine at the beginning of the 20th century?. a. English and Spanish. b. French and Italian. c. German, French, and English. d. Latin and Greek.

How did Akkadian gain historical significance?. a. It was used primarily for religious texts. b. It served as a diplomatic and trade language. c. It was spoken only by the elite. d. It was the first language to be written down.

A teacher asks students to repeat sentences many times to improve pronunciation. Which approach is used?. a. Topic-based work. b. Audiolingualism. c. Natural approach. d. Communicative approach.

Students listen and respond physically to commands like "Stand up" and "Open your book." Which approach is this?. a. Total Physical Response. b. Natural approach. c. Communicative approach. d. Audiolingualism.

A teacher organizes a lesson around the topic "Food" integrating vocabulary, reading, and speaking. Which approach is used?. a. TPR. b. Topic-based work. c. Natural approach. d. Audiolingualism.

Students role-play ordering food in a restaurant to practice real communication. Which approach is applied?. a. Audiolingualism. b. Topic-based work. c. Communicative approach. d. TPR.

The teacher avoids correcting errors immediately and focuses on understanding messages. Which approach is this?. a. Natural approach. b. Grammar translation. c. Audiolingualism. d. TPR.

A teacher uses drills like "I am eating, You are eating" repeatedly. Which method is used?. a. Audiolingualism. b. Communicative approach. c. Natural approach. d. TPR.

Students follow instructions like "Touch your head" and "Jump." Which approach is this?. a. TPR. b. Topic-based work. c. Natural approach. d. Communicative approach.

A lesson is designed around "Sports" integrating grammar and vocabulary. Which approach is used?. a. Topic-based work. b. Audiolingualism. c. TPR. d. Natural approach.

Students interact in groups to solve a problem. Which approach is applied?. a. Communicative approach. b. Audiolingualism. c. TPR. d. Natural approach.

Teacher emphasizes repetition and habit formation. Which approach is used?. a. TPR. b. Communicative approach. c. Natural approach. d. Audiolingualism.

Students are exposed to language in a stress-free environment. Which approach is this?. a. Communicative approach. b. TPR. c. Natural approach. d. Audiolingualism.

The teacher focuses on fluency over accuracy. Which approach is this?. a. TPR. b. Topic-based work. c. Audiolingualism. d. Natural approach.

Scenario: A group of 15-year-olds in London uses slang at 15 but standard English as adults. This change is called: a. Ethnic marking. b. Age-grading. c. Geographical isolation. d. Language death.

Scenario: A linguist visits a traditional Amazon community where men and women use different verb endings. This phenomenon is: a. Gender-preferential speech. b. Language shift. c. Gender-exclusive speech. d. Socioeconomic stratification.

In New Zealand, English speakers use Māori words like "Haka." This is a result of: a. Gender-preferential speech. b. Socioeconomic status. c. Geographical isolation. d. Languages in contact and ethnic influence.

Sociolinguistic research shows that the "Standard" variety of a language is usually: a. Spoken by everyone in the same way. b. Naturally superior and more logical than other dialects. c. The dialect of the most powerful social or political group. d. The oldest form of the language.

A linguist studies "why" teenagers in Guayaquil use English words while speaking Spanish. "Why" corresponds to: a. The Function. b. The Topic. c. The Setting. d. The Accent.

A researcher notices women use more "standard" grammar than men in public speeches. The subtopic is: a. Only the physical setting of the speech. b. The field of study regarding social factors like gender. c. The psychological process of memory. d. The evolution of ancient scripts.

During a formal job interview, the applicant uses careful pronunciation. This setting is: a. Low Referential. b. Formal / High-status. c. High Formality. d. Informal / Low-solidarity.

A teacher uses gestures and movement to teach vocabulary. Which approach is applied?. a. Audiolingualism. b. Topic-based work. c. TPR. d. Natural approach.

Students acquire language naturally through exposure without forced production. Which approach is this?. a. Audiolingualism. b. Communicative approach. c. TPR. d. Natural approach.

Students work on a project about "Healthy lifestyle." Which approach is applied?. a. TPR. b. Natural approach. c. Audiolingualism. d. Topic-based work.

Students practice language through real-life simulations. Which approach is used?. a. Audiolingualism. b. Natural approach. c. TPR. d. Communicative approach.

Two brothers talk informally despite different social status. Social Distance Scale: a. Intimate (high solidarity). b. Distant (strangers). c. Formal (professional). d. High Status (unequal).

If a simplified "trade language" is passed to a new generation as first language and develops full grammar, it becomes: a. Creole. b. Pidgin. c. Slang. d. Vernacular.

A government chooses one dialect as "official" while discouraging others. This is: a. Age-grading. b. Language standardization. c. Language shift. d. Pidginization.

Maria says "Hey" to colleagues and "Good morning" to the principal. The change is due to: a. The Topic. b. The Setting. c. The Function. d. The Participants.

Researchers notice high-altitude Andean speakers use more ejective sounds. Relationship studied: a. Geography and phonetics. b. Age and vocabulary. c. Gender and social class. d. Ethnicity and syntax.

Holmes (2013) identifies four essential social factors. Which is NOT one?. a. The setting. b. The speaker's IQ. c. The function. d. The participants.

A bilingual student switches between Kichwa and Spanish when speaking with peers. This practice is known as: a. Diglossia. b. Code-switching. c. Language interference. d. Borrowing.

An immigrant family's native tongue is no longer spoken after two generations because children adopt the dominant language. This is called: a. Language shift. b. Language contact. c. Linguistic geography. d. Gender-exclusive speech.

Why might men in a working-class neighborhood purposefully use non-standard linguistic forms like "I ain't done nothing"?. a. Because they don't know the correct rules. b. Because they are in the "middle-age" bulge of standard speech. c. To express "covert prestige" and signal masculinity or "toughness.". d. Due to geographical isolation from the city center.

Urban migration in Ecuador accelerates language displacement because: a. Indigenous languages are more prestigious. b. Cities promote multilingualism. c. Migration reduces language contact. d. Spanish dominates urban communication.

A minority language is taught only in informal family settings. What risk does this pose?. a. Language expansion. b. Language dominance. c. Language revitalization. d. Language endangerment.

A teacher encourages students to use Kichwa in class discussions. This practice supports: a. Language displacement. b. Language simplification. c. Language fossilization. d. Language revitalization.

In many societies, women use more "prestige" forms than men of the same social class. According to Holmes (2013): a. Women are more status conscious and use language to claim a higher social position. b. Standard forms are easier to pronounce for female speakers. c. Men are generally less educated than women in most cultures. d. Women have a natural biological aptitude for grammar.

Which factor most contributes to the displacement of indigenous languages in Ecuador?. a. Increased cultural pride. b. Economic and social pressures. c. Government support for bilingual education. d. Strong community networks.

A teacher in Ecuador notices that indigenous students often remain silent in class discussions. What is the most likely explanation?. a. Silence is a cultural strategy of respect. b. They lack vocabulary in Spanish. c. They do not understand the teacher's instructions. d. They are uninterested in the topic.

An indigenous student avoids speaking Spanish at home but uses it at school. This illustrates: a. Language attrition. b. Domain-specific language use. c. Language simplification. d. Language fossilization.

When minority languages are excluded from media and education, the result is often: a. Increased bilingualism. b. Language prestige. c. Language codification. d. Language marginalization.

In sociolinguistics, the term "code" can refer to: a. A computer programming language. b. Only the rules of grammar. c. Any variety of a language, a dialect, or even a completely different language. d. Only secret encrypted messages.

An 8th-semester student is writing a thesis on how different neighborhoods in a city use different slang. This study falls under the field of: a. Sociolinguistics. b. Historical Etymology. c. Theoretical Syntax. d. Pure Psycholinguistics.

A learner knows grammar rules but struggles to speak fluently during exams. What explains this situation?. a. Language is not innate. b. Difference between competence and performance. c. Lack of linguistic knowledge. d. Absence of brain activity.

According to Garrett's (1980a) model of language production, a bilingual teacher is about to explain a grammar rule. She has a clear idea of what she wants to say but has not yet chosen specific words or grammatical structures. Which stage of language production is she in?. a. Formulation. b. Articulation. c. Conceptualization. d. Phonological encoding.

A student can tap out the syllables in the word 'gen-er-a-tor' but struggles to identify its beginning sound separately. Which phonological awareness skill is the student demonstrating, and which one is NOT yet developed?. a. Phonemic awareness is demonstrated; onset-rime awareness is not yet developed. b. Syllable awareness is demonstrated; onset-rime awareness is not yet developed. c. Onset-rime awareness is demonstrated; phonemic awareness is not yet developed. d. Word awareness is demonstrated; syllable awareness is not yet developed.

A language policy committee is debating whether to create one unified English curriculum for all ages. A committee member argues that age is irrelevant. Based on the critical period hypothesis (Lenneberg, 1967), what is the most accurate counter-argument?. a. Age is completely irrelevant — only motivation determines success in language learning. b. The critical period hypothesis suggests language acquisition is most effective within a limited time frame, typically ending around puberty, after which learning becomes more difficult. c. Age only affects pronunciation, not grammar or vocabulary acquisition in a second language. d. After puberty, language acquisition becomes impossible because all neural pathways are permanently fixed.

During a practicum observation, a student teacher watches a 5-year-old absorb English phrases from cartoons and repeat them naturally in context. Her supervisor explains this is consistent with Werker & Hensch (2015). What explanation should the supervisor give?. a. Children have stronger extrinsic motivation to learn, making them more persistent. b. Children are better at using explicit grammar instruction, which makes them faster learners. c. Children have a more flexible brain and are more receptive to language input, which facilitates implicit acquisition. d. Children rely on metalinguistic skills to analyze the language they hear on television.

A student teacher argues: 'Since children are better language learners, there's no point in teaching adults a second language — they simply can't succeed.' Based on Birdsong (2018), how should the professor BEST respond?. a. Agree — the critical period hypothesis proves that adult language learning is biologically impossible. b. Disagree — Birdsong argues that language learning is a lifelong process and adults can continue to acquire and improve language skills throughout their lives. c. Partially agree — adults can learn vocabulary but cannot acquire grammar after puberty. d. Disagree — adults are actually faster language learners than children because of their metalinguistic awareness.

According to the compendium, for language comprehension to occur, a language user must accomplish several tasks when a signal reaches the brain. Which sequence CORRECTLY describes these tasks?. a. Perceive signals as language → interpret as meaningful → recognize the language. b. Interpret as meaningful → recognize the language → perceive as language. c. Perceive signals as language → recognize the language → interpret as meaningful. d. Recognize the language → produce a response → interpret as meaningful.

Researchers measure participants' eye movements while they read complex sentences to study how attention is distributed across a text. They also observe how quickly readers look back to earlier parts of a sentence when they encounter unexpected words. Which methodology are they using?. a. Eye-tracking. b. Event-related potentials (ERPs). c. Dichotic listening. d. Onset-rime segmentation tasks.

A linguistics student presents Genie's case to argue that the critical period hypothesis is completely wrong because Genie learned some vocabulary and grammar after age 13. How should a well-informed professor respond?. a. Agree — Genie fully acquired language, showing that neural flexibility persists indefinitely. b. Partially disagree — while Genie's case challenges a strict interpretation of the critical period hypothesis, her language acquisition was limited, and her case is considered unique. c. Agree — Genie's case proves that the critical period hypothesis has no scientific basis. d. Fully disagree — Genie's case actually confirms the critical period hypothesis because she achieved native-like fluency.

A graduate student is writing a thesis on factors affecting L2 acquisition beyond the critical period. According to the discussion of wild and isolated children, which two factors — in addition to age — are identified as significantly influencing language acquisition in both children and adults?. a. Intelligence and socioeconomic status. b. Exposure to language input and motivation. c. Native language structure and cultural identity. d. Classroom instruction quality and teacher qualifications.

A documentary filmmaker asks a language acquisition expert: 'What exactly does the critical period hypothesis say will happen to a child never exposed to language during the critical window?' According to Lenneberg (1967), which answer is MOST accurate?. a. The child will lose all capacity for human communication permanently. b. The child's brain will compensate by shifting language processing entirely to the right hemisphere. c. The child will eventually catch up if given enough structured instruction after puberty. d. After puberty, the neural structures involved in language learning become less flexible and less adaptable, making fluent acquisition very unlikely.

During a reading lesson, a teacher asks learners to separate the word 'string' into its onset (/str/) and rime (/iŋ/). Which statement BEST describes what this activity targets and its position in the phonological awareness hierarchy?. a. It targets syllable awareness, which is a precursor to onset-rime segmentation. b. It targets onset-rime awareness, a skill that develops after syllable awareness. c. It targets word awareness, a precursor to syllable segmentation. d. It targets phonemic awareness, the most basic level of phonological awareness.

A researcher studying L2 motivation finds that 7-year-old children are eager to participate in English class because they enjoy playing with classmates in English, while 35-year-old adults enrolled in the same program report they joined to increase their chances of promotion. Which motivational distinction does this illustrate?. a. Both groups share the same motivational profile — social belonging drives all language learners. b. Children are motivated by intrinsic curiosity and social interaction; adults are motivated by extrinsic factors like job opportunities. c. Children are motivated by extrinsic factors (social interaction); adults are motivated by intrinsic interest. d. Adult motivation is always stronger because professional goals provide clearer direction than play.

A researcher compares Victor of Aveyron (discovered 1800) and Genie (discovered 1970). She concludes both cases together provide a nuanced picture of the critical period. Which conclusion is MOST consistent with this?. a. Both cases reject the critical period hypothesis, as both children eventually acquired full language competence. b. Both cases confirm the critical period hypothesis equally — neither child learned any language after discovery. c. Victor's case supports the hypothesis (no fluent acquisition); Genie's case partially challenges it (limited acquisition was possible), together suggesting the critical period is real but not absolute. d. Genie's case supports the hypothesis (no acquisition); Victor's case challenges it (full acquisition achieved).

A teacher wants to assess whether her 8th-grade EFL students have strong long-term potential for reading and spelling. Which phonological awareness skill is identified as the STRONGEST predictor of those outcomes?. a. Word awareness. b. Phonemic awareness. c. Syllable awareness. d. Onset-rime awareness.

A student reads the sentence: 'The nurse administered the injection carefully.' She immediately understands it because she knows what nurses and injections are. According to the constructionist approach, what process is she engaging in?. a. Dichotic listening, where she uses right-ear advantage to process language faster. b. Modular language processing, where syntax and semantics work independently. c. Construction of a mental representation through interaction between linguistic input and prior knowledge. d. Articulation, where she encodes the phonological form of the sentence.

Two deaf individuals from different countries struggle to communicate despite both using sign language. Why does this happen?. a. Sign language depends on spoken language. b. Deaf individuals cannot communicate internationally. c. Sign languages vary regionally. d. Sign language is universal and identical.

A researcher compares bird songs with human speech and concludes that human language allows infinite expression of ideas. What key feature is being highlighted?. a. Visual communication. b. Non-verbal communication. c. Productivity of language. d. Biological limitation.

A student creatively produces new sentences never heard before. What does this demonstrate?. a. Mechanical repetition. b. Linguistic creativity and performance. c. Lack of competence. d. Memorization only.

A right-handed student processes language mainly in one hemisphere. Which statement best explains this?. a. Language is equally distributed. b. Language is not biologically based. c. Language is localized in the right hemisphere. d. Language is mostly in the left hemisphere.

A patient shows difficulty controlling mouth movements required for speech. Which area is most involved?. a. Wernicke's area. b. Occipital lobe. c. Temporal lobe. d. Motor cortex.

A teacher explains that language involves both neural activity and mental concepts. What does this relationship represent?. a. Pure biology. b. Interaction between mental and physical systems. c. Pure cognition. d. Language independence.

A student learns language naturally at home without formal instruction. Which concept explains this?. a. Artificial acquisition. b. Mechanical learning. c. Cultural imitation only. d. Innate biological capacity for language.

A student points in a direction to guide someone who does not share their language. What does this demonstrate?. a. Lack of linguistic ability. b. Use of universal non-verbal strategies. c. Dependence on verbal language. d. Failure of communication.

A teacher integrates sign language into the classroom to support deaf students. What is the main benefit?. a. Replaces spoken language entirely. b. Reduces cognitive ability. c. Limits communication. d. Promotes inclusivity and learning.

A deaf student uses a structured system of hand movements and facial expressions to express abstract ideas. What does this demonstrate?. a. Sign language is a complete linguistic system. b. Sign language lacks grammar. c. Sign language is a simplified gesture system. d. Communication without cognition.

A person raises their hand to greet someone across the street. What type of communication is being used?. a. Non-verbal. b. Verbal. c. Auditory. d. Written.

An interpreter translates a speaker's message into sign language while the speaker is still talking. What type of interpreting is this?. a. Consecutive. b. Visual. c. Written. d. Simultaneous.

A teacher notices that a student nods frequently but fails to complete tasks correctly. The teacher realizes the student may not fully understand instructions. What is the most likely explanation?. a. The student lacks linguistic competence. b. Human communication is identical to animal communication. c. Non-verbal communication is replacing verbal understanding. d. The student is using sign language.

A linguist explains that language depends on brain activity before speech production. What does this highlight?. a. Social influence only. b. Cultural dominance. c. Biological basis of language. d. Non-verbal priority.

A student sends an email explaining a project. What type of communication is this?. a. Biological signaling. b. Non-verbal communication. c. Verbal communication. d. Visual communication only.

An early childhood education specialist argues for expanding English immersion programs for children under age 6, citing findings about wild and isolated children. Which argument BEST supports her position?. a. Adults are better language learners, so there is no urgency to start language education in early childhood. b. The cases of Victor and Genie show that structured grammar instruction in early childhood is the key to fluency. c. Wild children prove that humans do not need language input to develop communication skills naturally. d. Wild and isolated children's cases reveal that children not exposed to language early may struggle to acquire it fluently, supporting the importance of early language exposure.

An EFL teacher notices that her 6-year-old students pick up new vocabulary and pronunciation naturally through songs and games, without ever being taught grammar rules explicitly. In contrast, her adult evening class constantly asks for grammar explanations before attempting to speak. Which pair of terms BEST describes these contrasting learning strategies?. a. Extrinsic learning (children) vs. intrinsic learning (adults). b. Deductive learning (children) vs. inductive learning (adults). c. Instrumental learning (children) vs. integrative learning (adults). d. Implicit learning (children) vs. explicit learning (adults).

A researcher conducts a dichotic listening experiment and finds that participants recognize speech stimuli faster when presented to the right ear than the left. Which neurological principle BEST explains this finding?. a. The right hemisphere specializes in language processing, giving the left ear an advantage. b. Both hemispheres process language equally, so ear advantage is random. c. The Wernicke area in the right hemisphere processes incoming speech sounds faster. d. The left hemisphere concentrates language abilities, and the right ear connects directly to the left hemisphere.

A language program director is designing two separate English courses: one for children aged 5–8 and one for adult professionals. Based on Lenneberg (1967) and Birdsong (2006), which neurological claim should guide the design of each course?. a. Children have more rigid neural structures, making structured grammar instruction essential for them. b. Adults have more adaptable neural structures because life experience enhances brain plasticity. c. Children have more adaptable neural structures; adults have more rigid ones, making new language skills harder to acquire. d. Both groups have equally flexible neural structures, so the same methods should be used for both.

The compendium notes that 'the human body is physically equipped to produce a wide range of speech sounds.' Which combination of physical features is cited as contributing to this capacity?. a. The length of the tongue, the shape of the ear canal, and the Wernicke area. b. The structure of the vocal tract, upright posture, and the position of the larynx in the throat. c. The size of the cerebral cortex, binocular vision, and hand dexterity. d. The right ear advantage, bilateral symmetry, and the structure of the inner ear.

The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with specific cognitive functions. Which set of functions is CORRECTLY attributed to the LEFT hemisphere?. a. Intuitive thought, creativity, and emotional processing. b. Analytical thought, verbal processing, math, and logic. c. Left-side motor skills and left visual field. d. Impulse control, holistic processing, and artistic thinking.

A psycholinguistics researcher argues that when reading, the brain processes syntax separately from semantics, and neither system influences the other during real-time comprehension. Which theoretical framework does this researcher support?. a. The dichotic listening model of Studdert-Kennedy et al. (1972). b. The modular approach, proposed by Fodor (1983). c. The constructionist approach, proposed by Gernsbacher (1990). d. The Right Ear Advantage (REA) model.

A reader who has extensive knowledge about marine biology will likely process a sentence about ocean ecosystems more quickly and accurately than a reader without that knowledge. Which research finding BEST supports this?. a. Readers use their prior knowledge to facilitate sentence comprehension (McKoon & Ratcliff, 1992). b. Readers integrate local and global coherence to build mental text representations (Kintsch, 1988). c. Individual differences in working memory capacity affect sentence interpretation (Just & Carpenter, 1992). d. The modular approach proposes that syntax operates independently of world knowledge (Fodor, 1983).

A professor asks students to identify a real case that supports Lenneberg's critical period hypothesis. Which response BEST applies the content?. a. Victor of Aveyron — discovered in France in 1800, he was unable to learn language fluently despite years of instruction, suggesting he had missed the critical window. b. Genie — she was never exposed to language input, so her case is irrelevant to the critical period hypothesis. c. Victor of Aveyron — he learned language quickly once exposed to a structured learning environment. d. Genie — she fully acquired language after being rescued at age 13, proving the critical period can be overcome.

A student with limited working memory struggles to keep track of the beginning of a paragraph by the time she reaches the end, making it hard to see how all sentences connect to form a unified idea. Which finding and researcher BEST account for this difficulty?. a. Kintsch (1988) — readers must build local and global coherence from integrated information across sentences. b. Fodor (1983) — modular processing means each linguistic system works independently, limiting integration. c. Gernsbacher (1990) — comprehension requires construction of mental representations from prior knowledge. d. Just & Carpenter (1992) — individual differences in working memory capacity affect sentence interpretation.

A professor of applied linguistics is designing a professional development workshop for EFL teachers on wild children and the critical period hypothesis. Which pedagogical conclusion is MOST appropriate to highlight?. a. Effective language learning programs must consider the needs and motivations of both children and adults, since language learning may be possible at any age, though with different challenges. b. The strict critical period hypothesis proves all adult learners will fail without early childhood exposure. c. Teachers should focus exclusively on child learners, as adults cannot benefit from language instruction. d. Wild child cases prove that immersion is the only valid method for teaching language at any age.

A bilingual education researcher argues that children's language learning is deeply shaped by their daily interactions with caregivers and classmates. According to De Houwer (2015), which factor BEST accounts for this?. a. Children are more immersed in the language environment and their learning is influenced by social interaction with peers and caregivers. b. Children have stronger metacognitive awareness, which helps them monitor their language use. c. Children's greater use of explicit grammar strategies makes them more aware of their errors. d. Children's extrinsic motivation drives them to seek social feedback from adults.

An adult learner who has been studying French independently for two years tells his teacher: 'I decide when I study, what materials I use, and I only focus on what I need for my business trips.' Which characteristic of adult language learning does this BEST reflect?. a. Adults have more control over their learning environment and are motivated by specific purposes. b. Adults are more receptive to language input because they have greater cognitive maturity. c. Adults rely on implicit strategies and are immersed in the language environment naturally. d. Adults rely on social interaction with peers to acquire language, just as children do.

A student argues: 'Language is processed equally by both sides of the brain.' How should the instructor BEST respond?. a. Partially disagree — language abilities are generally, but not always, concentrated in the left hemisphere. b. Agree — modern neuroscience shows both hemispheres contribute equally to language. c. Fully disagree — language is always and exclusively processed by the left hemisphere. d. Agree — hemispherical specialization only applies to non-verbal tasks, not language.

A pre-school child can hear and repeat individual sentences but cannot yet separate the words within those sentences. According to the phonological awareness hierarchy, which skill should be the focus of instruction FIRST?. a. Word awareness, because it is a precursor to syllable awareness. b. Phonemic awareness, because it is the strongest predictor of reading success. c. Syllable awareness, because it develops before onset-rime recognition. d. Onset-rime awareness, because it precedes phoneme segmentation.

A student correctly identifies an ungrammatical sentence but cannot explain why. Which concept does this illustrate?. a. Innate grammatical knowledge. b. Lack of competence. c. Pragmatic failure. d. Motor impairment.

A linguist argues that language knowledge cannot be fully located in a single brain area. What does this suggest?. a. Language is only physical. b. Language is only social. c. Language involves both mind and brain. d. Language is irrelevant.

During a class presentation, a student speaks confidently but avoids eye contact and shows nervous gestures. What issue is affecting communication?. a. Contradiction between verbal and non-verbal communication. b. Lack of vocabulary. c. Misuse of sign language. d. Absence of auditory channels.

During a presentation, a student becomes anxious and starts making language errors. What factor is affecting performance?. a. Emotional state. b. Brain damage. c. Phonological deficit. d. Lack of vocabulary.

A bilingual student performs poorly in a noisy classroom but well in a quiet environment. What factor explains this difference?. a. Lack of competence. b. External environmental factors. c. Biological limitation. d. Brain damage.

A researcher studies how ideas are transformed into spoken words. Which brain process is involved?. a. Emotional regulation. b. Visual perception. c. Broca's area activation. d. Memory storage only.

A patient can still judge grammar correctly despite having speech production problems. What does this indicate?. a. Separation between knowledge and use. b. Failure of comprehension. c. Loss of linguistic knowledge. d. Absence of brain function.

A student bites their nails during an exam. What does this behavior represent?. a. Linguistic competence. b. Verbal communication. c. Sign language structure. d. Non-verbal expression of anxiety.

A patient hears speech clearly but cannot understand its meaning. Which area is likely damaged?. a. Broca's area. b. Frontal lobe. c. Motor cortex. d. Wernicke's area.

A student understands word meanings but struggles to form correct sentence structures. Which type of knowledge is weak?. a. Semantic. b. Phonological. c. Pragmatic. d. Syntactic.

After a minor stroke, a patient understands speech but produces slow, grammatically incorrect sentences. Which brain area is most likely affected?. a. Broca's area. b. Wernicke's area. c. Motor cortex only. d. Parietal lobe.

Pregunta 103 A teacher uses gestures, tone, and facial expressions while explaining a lesson. What percentage of communication is likely non-verbal?. a. 65–80%. b. 90–100%. c. 30–40%. d. 10–20%.

A speaker produces sounds that are transmitted and interpreted by another person's brain. Which model explains this process?. a. Cognitive-only model. b. Social interaction theory. c. Behavioral model. d. Saussure's speech circuit.

A teacher gives complex instructions while students are multitasking. What is the most likely outcome?. a. Decreased performance. b. Improved comprehension. c. Reduced cognitive load. d. Perfect language processing.