cultura bloque B

According to John Rowe Townsend, children’s literature could only emerge once society recognized: The importance of moral instruction. Children as a distinct social category. Industrial capitalism. The rise of picture books.

Early views of childhood often portrayed children as: Naturally creative individuals. Miniature adults. Rebellious and subversive. Pure and innocent beings.

Industrialization contributed to children’s literature by: Eliminating moral lessons from books. Creating a commercial market for child-specific products. Increasing adult literacy only. Ending didacticism entirely.

Traditional histories of children’s literature often present Lewis Carroll’s Alice as: A failure of moral education. A turning point toward imaginative, child-centred writing. A return to religious instruction. An example of working-class literature.

A major critique of traditional literary histories is that they: Consider too many oral and popular texts. Are historically neutral and objective. Exclude many texts due to class, morality, or survival biases. Focus mainly on postmodern works.

New Historicism argues that: Literature should be interpreted without historical context. All texts for children are purely imaginative. Power and knowledge shape what counts as “truth” in history. Only canonical authors matter.

Female writers such as Barbauld and Edgeworth were marginalized partly because: They refused to write for children. Their work did not fit the Romantic ideal of the “innocent child”. They rejected all forms of moral instruction. They wrote only for adults.

In the context of children’s literature, didacticism refers to stories that: Focus purely on entertainment. Teach moral or social lessons. Reject all forms of authority. Avoid addressing childhood concerns.

A key danger of cosmopolitan or “universal child” perspectives is that they: Overemphasize national differences. Ignore local, cultural, and historical variations in childhood. Prioritize folklore over printed books. Reject global literary circulation.

Cultural Materialism emphasizes that children’s literature historically: Developed independently of social class. Reflected and reinforced middle-class values and ideologies. Rejected economic influences. Avoided political or ideological messages.

Reading literature with gender awareness helps us analyze: Only how male authors write. Hidden messages, biases, and power dynamics. The plot structure only. Grammar and vocabulary choice.

The difference between sex and gender is that: Both are biological. Sex is social, gender is biological. Sex is biological while gender is socially and culturally constructed. They mean the same in literature.

The literary canon traditionally consists mostly of: Women and minority authors. Writers chosen randomly. White, middle-class male authors. Popular children’s writers.

One goal of feminist literary criticism is to: Remove men from the canon. Ignore gender entirely. Rethink the canon and recover women writers. Focus only on women readers.

Feminist critics argue that language in literature can: Never influence social norms. Reinforce gender roles by making them seem “natural”. Exist independently of culture. Be neutral and universal.

Research by Grauerholz & Pescosolido (1900–1984) found that: Female characters dominated children’s books. Male characters appeared far more often than female ones. Gender was equally represented across all types. Only animals showed gender imbalance.

A key finding in gendered animal characters in titles was that: Female animals were more common. Animals were never gendered. Male animals outnumbered female animals around 6 to 1. Gender did not apply to animals.

Feminist critics challenge the idea that: Authors have no influence on their texts. Women should read less literature. Only children’s books show bias. Men do not know how to write fiction.

In children’s literature, gender analysis includes looking at: Only human characters. Who is represented and how, including non-human characters. Illustrations only. Translation accuracy.

Second-wave feminism (1970–1990) influenced children’s literature by: Decreasing the number of female characters. Pushing for more balanced representation. Removing male protagonists. Banning classic stories.

What is considered the earliest form of children’s literature?. Printed chapbooks. Oral tradition (myths, fables, and legends). Medieval bestiaries. Illustrated fables.

Which major invention allowed children wider access to reading materials from the 15th century onward?. The typewriter. The telescope. The printing press. The encyclopedia.

Which work is considered the first illustrated book created specifically for children?. A Little Pretty Pocket-Book. Orbis sensualium pictus. Mother Goose Tales. Pentamerón.

Which 17th-century author is credited with publishing some of the earliest literary fairy tales in Europe?. Hans Christian Andersen. Lewis Carroll. Charles Perrault. Daniel Defoe.

What major transformation took place in the 18th century regarding attitudes toward childhood?. Children were viewed as miniature adults with no special needs. Childhood was recognized as a distinct developmental stage with specific needs. Children were expected to work rather than read. Literature for children became exclusively religious.

John Newbery is best known for what contribution to children’s literature?. Collecting traditional European fairy tales. Writing the first feminist texts for young readers. Publishing the first book aimed primarily at entertaining children. Creating the first digital narratives.

Which authors are associated with establishing the classical canon of 19th century fairy tales?. Stevenson and Kipling. Brothers Grimm and Andersen. Verne and Carroll. Dahl and Rowling.

Which 19th-century author introduced linguistic play and mathematical logic into children’s literature?. Robert Louis Stevenson. Carlo Collodi. Lewis Carroll. Jules Verne.

Which 20th-century development expanded the role of children’s literature beyond moral instruction?. Reinforcing strict didacticism. Introducing autonomous, imaginative, and rebellious protagonists. Removing fantasy from children’s books. Uniform educational content across Europe.

What distinguishes digital narratives in contemporary children’s literature?. They eliminate text completely. They rely only on paper-based illustrations. They integrate multimedia, interactivity, and sometimes augmented reality. They are written exclusively by teachers.

Why are poetry and childhood considered closely linked according to the course contents?. Children prefer poetry because it is always short. Most children first encounter literature through poetry. Poetry is easier than narrative to teach. Poetry is always written for children.

Which of the following is identified as a key function of poetry in childhood?. Teaching grammar rules. Memorizing historical facts. Encouraging creativity, imagination, and reflection. Preparing children for standardized tests.

According to the unit, why is defining poetry difficult?. Because it has no structure. Because poets refuse to define it. Because poetry combines sound, rhythm, and emotion in ways that resist fixed definitions. Because poetry is only oral.

Which feature is common in children’s poetry, according to the course contents?. Complex narrative plots. Elaborate philosophical themes. Simple structures, rhyme, and playful language. Strict metrical patterns.

What do lullabies, clapping games, play songs, riddles, and proverbs all have in common?. They are all written in books. They originate in oral tradition. They require musical instruments. They are intended only for older children.

Which of Cerrillo’s categories refers to songs used to select players in traditional games?. Prayers. Counting-out rhymes. Tongue twisters. Lullabies.

According to the age-based subdivision, what characterizes lullabies and early miming games?. They are performed independently by older children. They rely on complex metaphors. Children are passive recipients of the chant. They are reserved for religious contexts.

Which linguistic feature is especially important in nursery games and early playful chants?. Extended descriptions. Onomatopoeia, rhyme, and repetition. Long stanzas and irregular rhythm. Complex narrative sequencing.

What distinguishes riddles within children’s poetry?. They are spoken only by adults. They have no structure. They rely on metaphors, wordplay, and paradoxes to puzzle the listener. They never rhyme.

What is the primary function of proverbs in children’s oral tradition?. To entertain through absurdity. To serve as short narrative tales. To transmit moral, emotional, or practical lessons. To accompany physical movement.

What makes picture books unique as a storytelling form?. They rely mainly on text with occasional illustrations. Art and text function independently of each other. Words and illustrations work together to create one unified narrative. Stories are always wordless.

What role does the page turn play in a picture book?. It determines the reading level. It provides natural pauses and reveals new story moments. It indicates chapter boundaries. It decorates the physical structure of the book.

Why are wordless picture books valuable for children?. They eliminate the need for adult participation. They require high-level reading skills. They encourage observation, imagination, and child-created narration. They teach grammar explicitly.

Why must illustrations align accurately with the written text in picture books?. Children rely on visual accuracy to trust the story and understand it. Picture books lose value if illustrations vary in style. Inconsistency increases suspense. It ensures books meet publishing standards.

What is one advantage of using picture books with older children or adults?. They are only suitable for early literacy. They limit thematic depthç. They can explore complex themes through a concise, artistic format. They focus exclusively on humour.

What is the main purpose of intensive reading in the EFL classroom?. Creating a habit of reading large quantities. Developing specific reading skills and detailed comprehension. Encouraging silent sustained reading. Providing entertainment through long texts.

What is essential for successful extensive reading in EFL settings?. Students should read texts far above their level. Teachers should assign a single book to the whole class. Students should read enjoyable, easily understood texts in quantity. Extensive reading must always be assessed with tests.

Why is a well-organized classroom library important for extensive reading?. It allows teachers to track attendance. It enables students to choose appropriate books independently. It ensures all students read the same materials. It reduces the need for teacher guidance.

What is the teacher’s role during an intensive reading activity when acting as an observer?. Interrupting students to explain vocabulary. Monitoring students’ progress without interrupting their reading. Giving answers as students read. Changing the reading topic as needed.

Why can student-created comprehension questions enhance intensive reading?. They eliminate the need for the teacher. They help students connect personal knowledge and curiosity with the text. They ensure identical understanding across the class. They replace the need for pre-reading tasks.