FARMA TEST 4

A patient with type 2 diabetes and hypertension has recently developed proteinuria. Which drug would be most likely to slow the progression of renal disease in this patient beyond its ability to lower blood pressure?. A) metoprolol. B) enalapril. C) nifedipine. D) lisinopril. E) diltiazem.

A man with a history of poor dental hygiene and high blood pressure complains of tender and swollen gums during an appointment with his dentist. Which antihy- pertensive drug might be contributing to this condition?. A) irbesartan. B) metoprolol. C) nifedipine. D) hydrochlorothiazide. E) doxazosin.

Which drug binds to renin and inhibits its activity?. A) aliskiren. B) atenolol. C) enalapril. D) hydrochlorothiazide. E) valsartan.

What is the mechanism by which irbesartan lowers blood pressure?. A) inhibiting renin. B) blocking angiotensin AT1 receptors. C) decreasing calcium entry into smooth muscle. D) inhibiting formation of angiotensin II. E) antagonizing aldosterone.

Which drug blocks "- and à-adrenoceptors, and also has antioxidant and other beneficial effects?. A) carvedilol. B) amlodipine. C) propranolol. D) hydrochlorothiazide. E) doxazosin.

Which mechanism is responsible for the vasodilation effect of verapamil?. A) increased levels of cGMP. B) decreased binding of calcium to calmodulin. C) decreased formation of IP3. D) increased myosin light-chain kinase activity. E) increased metabolic efficiency.

Which effect is caused by both atenolol and diltiazem?. A) decreased cAMP levels. B) increased cGMP levels. C) decreased heart rate. D) relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. E) inhibition of sodium influx.

What is the mechanism by which isosorbide dinitrate increases cyclic GMP levels?. A) inhibition of phosphodiesterase. B) inactivation of aldehyde dehydrogenase. C) blockade of à-adrenoceptors. D) release of nitric oxide. E) blockade of calcium channels.

A man with obstructive pulmonary disease requires ther- apy to prevent anginal attacks. Which drug should be avoided in this patient?. A) verapamil. B) felodipine. C) isosorbide mononitrate. D) diltiazem. E) propranolol.

Which agent prevents myocardial cell calcium overload and thereby decreases ventricular wall tension?. A) ranolazine. B) nitroglycerin. C) amlodipine. D) ivabradine. E) trimetazidine.

Large intravenous doses of this drug may cause tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss. A) spironolactone. B) furosemide. C) hydrochlorothiazide. D) acetazolamide. E) mannitol.

Administration of this drug to persons with renal insuf- ficiency can cause hyperkalemia. A) spironolactone. B) furosemide. C) hydrochlorothiazide. D) acetazolamide. E) mannitol.

This drug can be used to increase the renal excretion of weakly acidic drugs, such as amphetamine. A) spironolactone. B) furosemide. C) hydrochlorothiazide. D) acetazolamide. E) mannitol.

This drug can be used to increase calcium excretion in persons with hypercalcemia. A) spironolactone. B) furosemide. C) hydrochlorothiazide. D) acetazolamide. E) mannitol.

Which diuretic is used in the treatment of high altitude (mountain) sickness?. A) spironolactone. B) furosemide. C) hydrochlorothiazide. D) acetazolamide. E) mannitol.

Which diuretic is used in the treatment of high altitude (mountain) sickness?. A) mannitol. B) hydrochlorothiazide. C) acetazolamide. D) amiloride. E) torsemide.

After beginning drug therapy to suppress ventricular tachycardia, a man reports cold intolerance and lethargy, and his thyroid-stimulating hormone level is found to be elevated. Which drug is most likely responsible for this adverse reaction?. A) procainamide. B) dronedarone. C) dofetilide. D) verapamil. E) amiodarone.

A woman is placed on an antidysrhythmic drug that dis- sociates very slowly from ventricular sodium channels. Which electrocardiographic finding results from this property?. A) prolonged PR interval. B) shortened PR interval. C) prolonged QRS duration. D) prolonged QT interval. E) sinus bradycardia.

A man is administered a drug that selectively blocks the rapidly activating delayed rectifier channels. Which electrocardiographic change should guide dosage adjust- ments with this drug?. A) QT prolongation. B) QRS widening. C) PR prolongation. D) T wave inversion. E) heart rate.

A woman with supraventricular tachycardia is given an intravenous bolus of adenosine. What is the mechanism by which this drug acts to terminate the dysrhythmia?. A) increased chloride influx. B) increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate. C) increased calcium influx. D) increased potassium efflux. E) decreased sodium influx.

Which drug should be avoided in persons with asthma?. A) sotalol. B) diltiazem. C) flecainide. D) quinidine. E) lidocaine.

Which of the following correctly describes monteleukast?. A) blocks receptors for leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. B) inhibits cytochrome P450 enzymes. C) is administered twice daily. D) inhibits formation of leukotriene A4. E) is excreted unchanged in the urine.

Which drug used for the treatment of asthma inhibits 5-lipoxygenase?. A) theophylline. B) zileuton. C) zafirlukast. D) fluticasone. E) roflumilast.

A woman with allergic conjunctivitis uses a drug that prevents the release of chemical mediators from mast cells. Which mechanism is responsible for this pharma- cologic effect?. A) activation of beta2-adrenoceptors. B) decreased cytokine production. C) blockade of muscarinic receptors. D) inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase. E) blockade of calcium influx.

A 15-year-old girl with severe asthma triggered by sea- sonal allergies is receiving twice-monthly injections of a monoclonal antibody. Which mediator of asthma is antagonized by this drug?. A) immunoglobulin E. B) leukotriene C4. C) major basic protein. D) histamine. E) interleukin-2.

A man being treated for severe asthma experiences an episode of life-threatening tachycardia requiring emer- gency treatment. Which drug is most likely responsible for this adverse effect?. A) budesonide. B) ipratropium. C) formoterol. D) cromolyn. E) montelukast.

A woman is using a scopolamine skin patch to prevent motion sickness while on a cruise ship. Which is the most common adverse effect of this drug?. A) flatulence. B) heartburn. C) headache. D) diarrhea. E) dry mouth.

A woman with irritable bowel syndrome has recurrent episodes of abdominal pain and diarrhea that are not relieved by polycarbophil. Which adverse effect may result from taking alosetron for this condition?. A) pulmonary fibrosis. B) ischemic colitis. C) ischemic heart disease. D) gastric ulcer. E) muscle rigidity and tremor.

Which drug combination usually provides the most rapid and effective treatment for a duodenal ulcer caused by H. pylori infection?. A) sucralfate, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin. B) rabeprazole, bismuth subsalicylate, and tetracycline. C) famotidine, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. D) pantoprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. E) amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, and metronidazole.

A man with chronic heartburn caused by gastric acid reflux is prescribed metoclopramide. Which mechanism is responsible for its pharmacologic effect?. A) histamine H2 receptor blockade. B) muscarinic receptor blockade. C) dopamine D2 receptor blockade. D) "-adrenoceptor activation. E) chloride ClC-2 channel activation.

A man is given medication to prevent cisplatin-induced vomiting. Which combination of drugs is recommended for this purpose? A) palonosetron, dexamethasone, and aprepitant B) dexamethasone only C) dexamethasone and aprepitant D) aprepitant only E) palonosetron only. A) palonosetron, dexamethasone, and aprepitant. B) dexamethasone only. C) dexamethasone and aprepitant. D) aprepitant only. E) palonosetron only.

Inhibition of neprilysin leads to increased levels of which endogenous substance?. A) angiotensin II. B) natriuretic peptide. C) both angiotensin II and natriuretic peptide. D) neither angiotensin II or natriuretic peptide. E) nitric oxide.

A man is brought to the emergency department com- plaining of nausea and vomiting, blurred and abnormally colored vision, and palpitations. Which drug is most likely responsible for these effects?. A) dobutamine. B) lisinopril. C) digoxin. D) milrinone. E) furosemide.

Which drug has been demonstrated to increase survival in persons with heart failure?. (A) furosemide. (B) carvedilol. (C) milrinone. (D) digoxin. (E) hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate.

Which mechanism is responsible for the cardiovascular effects of nesiritide?. A) inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. B) stimulation of adenylyl cyclase. C) inhibition of guanylyl cyclase. D) stimulation of guanylyl cyclase. E) inhibition of phosphodiesterase.

Which drug blocks alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 adrenoceptors?. (A) carvedilol. (B) metoprolol. (C) propranolol. (D) dobutamine. (E) phentolamine.