fisca ultrasonido

1-What happens when the sound strikes a large and smooth interface?. Backscattering. Rayleigh scattering. Scattering. Specular reflection.

2-Which acoustic parameter of the pulsed wave is directly related to the depth of view?. Pulse repetition period. Pulse repetition frequency. Frequency. Duty factor.

3-Which function rectifies and smoothes the signals in the receiver?. Demodulation. Rejection. Amplification. Compression.

4-Which is the most likely result of a sound beam striking a rough interface with perpendicular incidence?. Specular reflection. Diffuse reflection. Refraction. Rayleigh scattering.

5-Which exam is most likely to be completed using this probe?. Carotid. OB 1st trimester. Cardiac. Right upper quadrant.

6-Which system component becomes active when adjusting the contrast and the contrast resolution of an ultrasonic image?. Receiver. Pulser. Beam former. Transducer.

7-Which statement is more accurate about an ultrasonic wave?. Sound carries energy from point A to point B. Compressions are low density zones. Rarefactions are high pressure areas. Ultrasound particles move energy from one point to another.

8-Ultrasound is made of a series of compressions and high density zones Which resolution is measured along the main axis of the sound beam?. Axial. Lateral. Slice thickness. Elevational.

9-Which acoustic parameter depends on both the medium and the sound source?. Propagation speed. Pulse duration. Pulse repetition period. Spatial pulse length.

10-Which imaging modality is represented in this picture?. Directional power Doppler. Color flow Doppler. Elastography. Color B-mode.

11-Which system functionality will be impacted when activating more pulses per scan line in B-mode?. Flow sensitivity. Time for a frame. Lateral resolution. Read magnification.

12-Which display mode is most likely to be used in cardiac imaging to achieve the best possible temporal resolution?. A. M. B. 2D.

13-Which artifact is the arrow pointing to?. Posterior acoustic shadowing. Ring down. Shadowing by refraction. Side lobe.

14-Which term is most likely related to a write function?. Greater pixel size. After-freeze function. Uses new data. Post-processing.

15-Which action provides an improved lateral resolution in the far field?. Decreasing the transmit frequency. Increasing the aperture. Moving the focal point shallower. Decreasing the depth of view.

16-Which Doppler artifact is most likely to disappear when increasing the high pass filter?. Crosstalk. Spectral broadening. Aliasing. Ghosting.

17-Which part of the sound beam is measured from the face of the transducer to the focal point?. Focal depth. Fraunhofer zone. Focal zone. Focal point.

18-Which resolution has changed from the black arrow pin to the white arrow one?. Axial. Lateral. Slice thickness. Contrast.

19-Which sound-media interaction is most likely to occur when a pressure wave strikes an interface with normal incidence and there are different propagation speeds and tissue densities?. Reflection. Refraction. Scattering. Rayleigh scattering.

20-Which term is most likely related to a pulsed wave Doppler signal?. Range ambiguity. Variance map. Velocity map. Peak velocities measurement.

21-Which image magnification feature uses new acquired data?. Post-processing zoom. Read zoom. Write zoom. Digital zoom.

22-Which instrumentation technique provides a better contrast between the interior of an artery and its walls for the proper visualization of plaques?. Increase the dynamic range. Increase the gain. Turn-off the tissue harmonic function. Increase the frequency in a multi-frequency probe.

23-Which principle best explains the appearance of this artifact?. Resonance. Refraction. Sound redirection. Diffraction.

24-Which statement is most likely correct?. Sound intensity is inversely related to the output power. Frequency and wavelength are inversely related. Propagation speed is directly related to the density of the tissues. SATA intensity is unrelated to the power of the sound wave.

25-Which system setting is most likely to treat the signals depending on the depth or the attenuation rate of the sound?. Output power. Overall gain. Dynamic range. TGC.

26-Which transducer is most likely related to the Huygens' principle?. Linear sequential array. Linear phased array. Convex. Annular phased array.

27-Which adjustment is most likely to increase the time for a frame?. Using multi-zone transmit focusing. Using a low line density. Using a lower frequency. Decreasing the sector width.

28-Which wavelength allows for more penetration?. 12 mm. 6 mm. 1 mm. 9 mm.

29-Which system setting is most likely responsible for treating all signals the same way during transmission?. Overall gain. TGC. Dynamic range. Output power.

30-Which resolution is negatively impacted by the artifact represented in this image?. Lateral. Elevational. Axial. Temporal.

31-Which artifact is the red arrow pointing to?. Posterior acoustic enhancement. Side lobe. Dirty shadowing. Comet tail.

32-Which part of the sound beam concentrates more acoustic power?. Near zone. Far zone. Focal zone. Focal point.

33-Which resolution is most likely to improve when the beam diameter decreases?. Contrast. Axial. Lateral. Elevational.

34-Which resolution is most likely represented by the pair of dots at different depths in this picture?. Axial. Lateral. Elevational. Slice thickness.

35-Which hemodynamic variable is inversely related to the chances of turbulence?. Blood density. Flow velocity. Vessel diameter. Blood viscosity.

36-What happens to the far field divergence with a higher frequency?. Increases. Stays the same. Decreases. Becomes refractile.

37-Which instrument is able to measure sound intensity changes based on the piezoelectric effect principle?. Thermocouple. Calorimeter. Liquid crystals. Hydrophone.

38-Which acoustic parameter depends on the medium only?. Wavelength. Pressure. Propagation speed. Acoustic power.

39-Which total distance is related to a round trip time of 39 microseconds in soft tissue?. 6 cm. 3 cm. 6 mm. 3 mm.

40-Which Doppler artifact is most likely to appear after a significant stenosis?. Crosstalk. Clutter. Aliasing. Spectral broadening.

41-Which sound-medium interaction happens when a wave strikes a smooth and large interface with normal incidence?. Diffuse reflection. Specular reflection. Scattering. Refraction.

42-Which term is most likey related to a read function?. Before-freezing. Small pixel. Old data. More pixels per inch.

43-What is the half value layer thickness(HVLT) if the initial intensity of a wave is 40 mW/cm^2 and this has been attenuated by 6 dB at a distance of 4 cm?. 1.5 dB/cm. 6 dB. 3 cm. 2 cm.

44-Which instrumentation action is most likely to increase the attenuation rate?. Increasing frequency in a multi-frequency probe. Increasing the dynamic range. Decreasing the overall gain. Decreasing the bandwidth.

45-Which sound-medium interaction produces a desorganized reflection when a wave strikes a rough and large interface?. Refraction. Scattering. Rayleigh scattering. Diffuse reflection.

46-Which type of flow is most likely classified into plug and parabolic?. Helical. Laminar. Turbulent. Coiled.

47-How many pulses per line are used to build this picture?. 1. 2. 4. 6.

48-Which function pertains to the matching layer?. Pulse repetition period. Bandwidth widening. Dynamic aperture. Sound transmission.

49-What happens if frequency increases?. Resolution degrades. Penetration improves. Wavelength decreases. Pulse repetition frequency increases.

50-Which acoustic parameter changes through the medium?. Frequency. Pulse repetition frequency. Pulse duration. Spatial pulse length.

51-Which technology is represented on this diagram?. Coded excitation. Frequency tuning. Pulse inversion harmonics. Spatial compound.

52-Which principle is most likely to explain the ocurrence of sound reflection?. Different impedance values between two interfaces. Oblique incidence and different propagation speeds. Small interface with rough surface. Snell's law.

53-Which function pertains to the receiver?. Processing binary codes. Temporary storage of information. Rejection. Length of the spatial pulse length.

54-Which Doppler modality uses two crystals, one for transmission and one for reception?. Continuous wave. Pulsed wave. Color flow. Power angio.

55-Which color setting is most likely to allow filling in the gray area where the black arrow is pointing to?. Priority. Scale. Persistence. Wall filter.

56-Which method provides a preserved frame rate when activating multiple focal points?. Parallel processing. Coded excitation. Pulse inversion harmonic. Spatial compound.

57-Which system setting improves the signal-to-noise ratio?. Overall gain. Dynamic range. Depth. Frame averaging.

58-Which is a clear advantage of coded excitation technology?. Improves temporal resolution. Decreases side lobes artifacts. Improves the signal-to-noise ratio. Improves flow sensitivity.

59-Which transducer produces a trapezoid format in the screen?. Mechanical. Linear phased. Annular. Vector.

60-Which description is most likely related to this probe?. Rectangular screen format. Sequential technology. Pointed top sector. Very short to no time delays.

61-Which artifact is represented in this image?. Mirror. Refraction. Multipath. Focal banding.

62-Which Doppler modality is subject to range specificity and measures peak velocities?. Continuous wave. Pulsed wave. Color flow. Power angio.

63-Which acoustic parameter is not operator adjustable?. Pulse repetition period. Pulse repetition frequency. Amplitude. Sound propagation speed.

64-Which transducer uses a combination of both technologies, phased and sequential?. 1 1/2 dimensional. Vector array. Convex. Microconvex.

65-Which variable is inversely related to the volume flow rate (Q)?. Pressure gradient. Vessel diameter. Vessel area. Viscosity.

66-Which exam is most likely to be completed using this probe?. Musculoskeletal. Cardiac. Carotid. Gynecology.

67-Which system setting is most likely to adjust the proper distribution of shades of grays creating more or less available choices?. Output power. Dynamic range. TGC. Overall gain.

68-Which system setting is most likely responsible for treating all signals the same way during reception?. Output power. TGC. Overall gain. Dynamic range.

69-Which resolution provides more details in volumetric structures?. Axial. Lateral. Longitudinal. Slice thickness.

70-What happens when the depth of view is increased?. PRF increases, PRP decreases, duty factor decreases. PRP decreases, PRF decreases, frequency remains the same. PRF decreases, PRP decreases, duty factor decreases. PRP increases, PRF decreases, duty factor decreases.

71-Which reflector depth is related to a round trip time of 39 microseconds in soft tissue?. 6 cm. 3 cm. 6 mm. 3 mm.

72-Which function pertains to the beam former?. Multizone transmit focusing. Pulse repetition frequency. Time gain compensation. Analog to digital conversion.

73-What are you most likely to obtain when halving the frequency in soft tissue?. Half value layer thickness. Total attenuation. Attenuation coefficient in soft tissue. Transmission intensity coefficient.

74-What is the final intensity of a wave if the initial one is 40 mW/cm^2 and this has been attenuated by 6 dB at a distance of 4 cm?. 4 mW/cm2. 10 mW/cm2. 6 mW/cm2. 20 mW/cm2.

75-Which statement is more accurate regarding an ultrasonic wave?. Longitudinal, mechanical wave with frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 KHz. Transverse, mechanical wave with frequencies above 20 KHz. Longitudinal wave made of low density zones called compressions. Waves with frequencies above 20 KHz that can not travel through vacuum.

76-Which characteristic is most likely related to contrast harmonics?. Produced during transmission. Weak harmonics. Depend on the mechanical index. Non-linear behavior of the sound particles velocity in compression and rarefaction.

77-Which is the most likely cause for this artifact?. Doppler gain is too lo. Sample volume is too wide. Sample volume is too close to the vessel wall. Incidence angle is too close to 90 degrees.

78-Which statement is most likely related to the ultrasound concept?. Ultrasound is a transverse wave. Ultrasonic waves have frequencies between 20 Hz and 20 KHz. Ultrasound particles move parallel to the main axis of the wave. Ultrasound is an electromagnetic wave.

79-Which adjustment(s) will make the frame rate to increase to a maximum value?. Reduce depth of view, increase line density, use two focal points. Increase sector width, reduce focal points, increase line density. Reduce number of focal points, select a shallower view, lack of interpolation. Increase depth of view, increase number of focal points, increase sector width.

80-What is attenuation coefficient if the initial intensity of a wave is 40 mW/cm^2 and this has been attenuated by 6 dB at a distance of 4 cm?. 3 dB/cm. 1.5 dB/cm. 4 dB/cm. 6 dB/cm.

81-Which resolution changed from A to B?. Lateral. Axial. Temporal. Elevational.

82-Which description is most likely related to this probe?. Short time delays. Sequential technology. Large view in the near field. Squared screen format.

83-Which acoustic variable is measured when a certain force is applied over an area?. Density. Pressure. Particle motion. Distance.

84-Which resolution is highly improved using this probe allowing for better visualization of volumetric structures?. Axial. Lateral. Contrast. Slice thickness.

85-Which acoustic parameter is inversely related to the pulse repetition period (PRP)?. Spatial pulse length. Period. Frequency. Duty factor.

86-Which artifact is most likely to disappear with dynamic apodization and subdicing?. Mirror image. Reverberation. Refraction. Grating lobes.

87-Which characteristics are most likely related to a dynamic damping?. Wide bandwidth, high quality factor, long SPL. Less cycles, less sensitivity, wide bandwidth. Short pulse duration, better lateral resolution. Better axial resolution, more sensitivity.

88-Which characteristic belongs to post-processing zoom?. Uses new data. Before-freeze magnification. Larger pixel size. More pixels per inch.

89-Which characteristics are most likey related to a continuous wave transducer?. Low quality factor, low sensitivity, wide bandwidth. No images, high quality factor, narrow bandwidth. Excellent axial resolution and high sensitivity. Range ambiguity and wide bandwidth.

90-What is the round trip time value for 1 cm depth in soft tissue?. 13 seconds. 13 microseconds. 26 milliseconds. 26 microseconds.

91-Where is the arrow pointing to?. The lowest velocity away from the probe. The highest velocity toward the beam. The lowest velocity toward the transducer with aliasing. The highest velocity away from the probe.

92-Which acoustic parameter is obtained when making a ratio between the pulse duration and the pulse repetition period?. Pulse repetition frequency. Duty factor. Spatial pulse length. Period.

93-Which sound-medium interaction is represented in this graphic?. Reflection. Refraction. Scattering. Backscattering.

94-Which function pertains to the pulser?. Steering. Reduction of impedance difference. Output power. Ferroelectric effect.

95-Which is the most likely result when a pair of in-phase waves join together?. Destructive interference. Constructive interference. Both constructive and destructive interference. They become out-of-phase due to amplitude mismatch.

96-Which system component becomes active when adjusting the number of focal points?. Pulser. Beam former. Receiver. Scan converter.

97-Which characteristic is most likely related to an ultrasound contrast agent?. Microbubbles have high chances to break with high frequencies. Contrast is highly toxic for kidneys. The mechanical index is a good indicator of bubble stress. Results are limited when using tissue harmonics.

98-Which distance represents 3 dB of attenuation?. Half value layer thickness. Wavelength. Attenuation coefficient in soft tissue. Depth of view.

99-Which tissue interface is most likely to cause the highest amount of reflection?. Liver / liver. Liver / bowel. Liver / kidney. Liver / blood.

100-What is the attenuation coefficient in soft tissue for a 20 mW/cm^2 wave with a 10 MHz frequency?. 10 dB/cm. 20 mW. 5 db/cm/MHz. 10 MHz.

101-What is the attenuation coefficient value if the initial intensity of a sound wave is 80 mW/cm^2 and has attenuated to 10 mW/cm^2 in 6 cm?. 3 dB/cm. 1.5 dB/cm. 6 dB/cm. 9 dB/cm.

102-Which parameter or variable is directly related to the tissue impedance(Z)?. Frequency. Wavelength. Propagation speed. Pressure.

103-Which characteristic of the medium is directly related to the product of the tissue density and the propagation speed of the sound?. Attenuation coefficient. Total attenuation. Half value layer thickness. Impedance.

104-Which exam is most likely to be completed using this probe?. Carotid. Cardiac. Lower extremity venous. Musculoskeletal.

105-What happens to the sound intensity when the area of the beam increases?. Decreases. Increases. Remains the same. Exponentially increases.

106-Which concept has to do with the number of pulses per scan line of a signal that uses frequencies in the audible range?. Focal points. Frame rate. Packet size. Dynamic aperture.

107-Which system component is most likely related to the existence of bioeffects?. Receiver. Pulser. Beam former. Scan converter.

108-Which term is most likely related to dynamic frequency tuning technology?. Wide bandwidth. Poor resolution with penetration. Absent damping material. Only useful in superficial structures.

109-Which system component becomes active when adjusting the depth of view?. Pulser. Beam former. Transducer. Receiver.

110-Which transducer is most likely to be used for a carotid arteries exam?. Convex sequential. Microconvex. Linear phased. Linear sequential.

111-Which factors determine the frequency of a pulsed wave?. Electrical frequency. Thickness of the crystal and propagation speed of the sound through the crystal. Impedance of the damping material and thickness of the matching layer. The number of cycles of the signal registered in the pulser.

112-Which transducer uses external or internal fixed focusing?. 1 1/2 dimensional. Convex. Linear. Mechanical.

113-Which system is most likely to provide more details along the main axis of the beam?. One with dynamic damping and longer spatial pulse length. One with a wide bandwidth and less number of cycles. One with a wider dynamic aperture and less frequency. One with the longest wavelength.

114-Which system setting was changed from picture "a" to picture "b"?. Overall gain. Time gain compensation. The frequency was lowered in a multi-frequency probe. Tissue harmonics was activated.

115-Which artifact is the arrow pointing to?. Posterior acoustic shadowing. Enhancement. Focal banding. Focal enhancement.

116-Which term is most likely related to the contrast resolution of the monitor?. Pixels per inch. Pixel density. Bits per pixel. Bit density.

17-Which Doppler modality offers the highest sensitivity to the flow?. Continuous wave. Pulsed wave. Color flow. Power angio.

118-Which characteristic is most likely related to elastography?. The system creates a pressure scale based on the absorption rate of the sound in the tissues. Waves propagate transversely through tissues at a speed rate depending on the stiffness of the medium. The attenuation rate determines the elasticity of the tissues. Elastography improves the signal to noise ratio of the background B-mode picture.

119-Which sound-medium interaction happens when the sound strikes the red blood cells?. Specular reflection. Backscaterring. Scattering. Diffuse reflection.

120-Which resolution is measured perpendicular to the sound beam?. Axial. Lateral. Elevational. Slice thickness.

121-Which function pertains to the backing material?. Dynamic apodization. Beam steering. Noise insulation. Pulse duration reduction.

122-Which sound-media interaction is most likely to occur when a pressure wave strikes an interface with oblique incidence and there are different propagation speeds?. Reflection. Refraction. Diffraction. Scattering.

123-Which concept is most likely related to the height of the sound wave?. Power. Intensity. Amplitude. Wavelength.

124-Which term(s) is most likely related to the decibels?. Logarithmic and relative. Absolute. Exponential. Exponential and relative.

125-Which description is most likely related to this probe?. Electronic focusing and electronic steering. Mechanical focusing and mechanical steering. Electronic focusing and mechanical steering. Mechanical focusing and electronic steering.

126-Which transducer provides the best resolution in the elevational plane?. 1 1/2 dimensional. Linear phased. Linear sequential. Vector array.

127-Which sound-media interaction refers to the conversion of pressure waves into heat?. Reflection. Scattering. Refraction. Absorption.

128-Which intensity is most likely used to report possible bioeffects?. SPTA. SATA. SPTP. SATP.

129-Which Doppler modality uses packet size to accurately report average velocities?. Continuous wave. Pulsed wave. Color flow. Power angio.

130-Which instrumentation technique is most likely to improve the signal-to-noise ratio when activating the color flow Doppler?. Frame averaging. B-mode rejection. Ensemble length. Color gain.

131-Which term is most likely related to an acoustic variable?. Rhythmic oscillation. Longitudinal strain. Transverse shear waves. Tissue stiffness index.

132-Which statement is most likely to explain a transmission intensity coefficient (TIC) larger than a reflection intensity coefficient (RIC)?. Large difference between impedance of medium 1 compared to impedance of medium 2. Small difference between impedance of medium 1 and impedance of medium 2. More attenuation rate in medium 1 compared to medium 2. Less attenuation rate in medium 2 compared to medium 1.

133-Which term is most likely related to pulses per scan line in B-mode?. Packet size. Dynamic aperture. Harmonics. Focal points.

134-Which acoustic parameter is inversely related to the number of cycles in one second?. Frequency. Period. Pulse repetition frequency. Pulse repetition period.

135-What is the most likely result when a pair of waves join and the result is a third wave with a lower amplitude?. Destructive interference. Constructive interference. Alternate noise reduction. Direct noise reduction.

136- The artifact in this image appeared when using a linear phased array transducer: Multipath. Mirror image. Refraction Artifact. Grating lobe.

137- The row of wires in the middle are used to check: Lateral resolution. Axial resolution. Dead zone. Horizontal distance calibration. All the above.

138- Name the artifact pointed by the arrow: Comet tail. Reverberation. Grating lobe. Enhancement.

139- The artifact shown in this image is produced: When the sound hits a weakly attenuating structure. When the sound hits a strong attenuating structure. When the intensity at the focal point increases. When the sound hits two strong reflectors.

140- Which of the reflectors in this image is real?. Reflector above the mirror plane. Reflector below the mirror plane.

141- Identify the artifact pointed by the arrow: Edge shadowing. Slice thickness resolution artifact. Partial volume artifact. B and C only.

142- The curved open arrow points to: A simulated solid lesion. A ghost artifact. A side lode artifact. A dead zone.

143-There are no confirmed bioeffects for focused beams using intensities under: 00 mW/cm^2 SPTP. 1W/cm^2 SPTA. 100 mW/cm^2 SPTA. 1000 mW/cm^2 SPTA. All of the above. B and D only.

144- The following artifact is caused by a high propagation speed medium, such as a mechanical heart valve: Side lobe. Posterior acoustic shadowing. Comet tail. Posterior acoustic enhancement. Ring down.

145- Which letter points to the pins representing the far field lateral resolution when positioning the probe in the right side of this AIUM test object?. D. A. B. E. C.

146- The artifact between the groups of arrows is produced when the sound hits a weakly attenuating structure: Posterior acoustic shadowing. Enhancement. Focal banding. Focal enhancement. Range ambiguity artifact.

147-Which letter points to the pins representing the axial resolution in this AIUM test object?. C. B. E. D. A.

148- The artifact represented in this image causes: Axial duplication of the reflector. Lateral duplication of the reflector.

149- Which letter points to the pins used for horizontal calibration in this AIUM test object?. E. D. C. B. A.

150-There are no confirmed bioeffects for unfocused beams using intensities under: 1W/cm^2 SPTA. 1000 mW/cm^2 SPTA. 100 mW/cm^2 SPTA. 100 mW/cm^2 SPTP.

151- The chances for cavitation increases when: Mechanical index increases. Mechanical index decreases. Sound pressure increases. Sound frequency decreases. A, C, and D.

152- Using a hydrophone one can measure: Output power. PRP. Pulse duration. All the above.

153- Identify the artifact. Enhancement. Shadowing. Side lobe. Refraction.

154- All the following instruments measure output power based on the principle of absorption EXCEPT: Hydrophone. Liquid crystals. Thermocouple. Calorimeter.

155-The mechanistic approach is based on: The mechanistic approach is based on:. The principle of cause-effect.

156- Which of the following means thermal index in soft tissue?. TIB. TIS. TIC. MI.

157- What two artifacts are present in this image?. Edge shadowing and enhancement. Shadowing by refraction and posterior acoustic enhancement. Shadowing by refraction and enhancement. Edge shadowing and posterior acoustic enhancement. All the above.

159- The empirical approach is based on: The principle of cause-effect. The principle of exposure-response.

159- Which letter points to the pins representing the dead zone in this AIUM test object?. A. D. C. E. B.

160- Name the artifact present in this image: Side lobe. Crosstalk. Refraction. Mirror image.