Fundamentals of Genetics and Biotechnology, stage 2

It is a highly packed and organized DNA.

A segment of DNA, it is the unit of information that controls the activities of the cell and influences the different traits of a new organism.

Location or specific place of a gene in a chromosome.

Chromosomes that form a pair (one chromosome is contributed by the father and the other by the mother) in a diploid cell (2n) and contain similar genes at the same loci.

Genes that control variations of the same trait. In other words, a specific version of a gene that controls a particular trait in an organism.

Term meaning the same pair. When homologous chromosomes have the same allele placed at the same locus.

Means different pair. It is when two homologous chromosomes have different alleles at the same locus.

Term used for individuals that are heterozygous for the same trait, it means, do not have identical alleles at the same locus.

Genetic composition of an organism.

External manifestation of an individual's phenotype, a set of physical, visible characteristics of an organism.

If the alleles of a gene are different, the allele that is expressed is the ___________ gene.

If the alleles are different, the dominant allele is expressed, while the effect of the other allele, called _________, is masked.

Austrian monk who made great contributions to the understanding of hereditary phenomena and the genetic factors that cause them.

It has the ability to self-fertilize and give rise to numerous offspring in a short time.

Thanks to him, we know what the pea plant is self-fertilizing.

Process of an individual's sperm fertilizing its own egg.

In his experiments, Mendel cut the stamens of flowers to prevent them from fertilizating themselves. Then with a small brush, he put pollen from another plant directly into the ovules of the recipient plant, thus controlling the variables of his crosses. This methodology is known as...

Types of peas that showed unique traits because they were descended from genetically pure parents.

Mendel cross-fertilized two pea plants with pure characteristics: one produced only tall plants and the other short plants. Mendel found that all the descendents of this cross were tall plants and the "short plant" characteristic had completely disappeared. Which experiment is this one?.

Mendel cross-fertilized two pea plants with pure characteristics: one produced only tall plants and the other short plants. He called this first pair of parents the...

Mendel cross-fertilized two pea plants with pure characteristics: one produced only tall plants and the other short plants. Mendel found that all the descendents of this cross were tall plants and the "short plant" characteristic had completely disappeared. He called this first generation...

What did Mendel concluded? (If you put something similar, it's fine).

Laws of Mendel.

It states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

The experiment consisted of crossing the F1 hybrids, considering only one characteristic, this is known as monohybrid cross.

Implies that the homologous chromosomes of the organisms have one pair of alleles (A and a) at the same locus.

It states that alleles on the chromosomes of organisms segregate independently of other alleles.

To predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a particular genetic cross, we use a grid called the __________________. This square also facilitates the calculation of the probability of each genotype and phenotype in the offspring.

How to use the Punnet Square. Letters_are_assigned_to_the_different_alleles:_a_capital_letter_for_the_dominant_allele_and_the_same_letter_in_lower_case_for_the_recessive_allele. The_types_of_gametes_of_one_parent_are_noted_at_the_top_and_those_of_the_other_parent_on_the_left_side. A_table_is_drawn_with_the_necessary_tables_according_to_the_problem_posed. The_number_of_offspring_of_each_genotype_is_counted_and_converted_into_a_fraction,_considering_the_total_number_of_the_offspring. The_genotypes_of_the_offspring_within_the_tables_are_noted_by_combining_the_genotype_of_the_sperm_with_that_of_the_egg.

Chromosomes have segments of DNA, whose function is to encode proteins and carry out a specific function in the organism or cell. This are called...

If there is a change in any of the nucleotides that make up the DNA of a gene or a specific allele, we are talking about a...

In which option you will observe changed in the phenotype?. If an individual has one normal allele and one mutant allele. If an individual possess two mutant alleles.

In which option, usually the normal allele can meet the need for the protein. If an individual has one normal allele and one mutant allele. If an individual has two mutant alleles.

The individual needs to inherit one mutated allele from the father and one mutated allele from the mother for the disease to occur. If the person inherits one mutant allele and one normal allele, in most cases he/she will be a...

Autosomal recessive disorders. Sickle cell anemia. Albinism. Huntington's disease.

Autosomal dominant disorders. Sickle cell anemia. Albinism. Huntington's disease.

They occur when the mutant allele is dominant over the normal allele and it is sufficient for one parent to present it for the disorder to be expressed in the offspring.