General Navigation Test Astana

The maximum difference in distance when proceeding along the great circle between two positions, instead of the thumb line, will occur on: East-west tracks at high latitudes. North-south tracks at high latitudes. East-west tracks at low latitudes. North-south tracks at low latitudes.

The circumference of the Earth is approximately: 21600 NM. 5400 NM. 10800 NM. 40000 NM.

Where is the parallel of origin for a Direct Mercator projection?. Along any meridian. The Equator. Where the convergency factor is zero. The Greenwich Meridian.

For decent performance calculations, which altitude is used as a reference to calculate the average TAS through the descent?. One third of the way between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude. The final descent altitude. Two thirds of the way between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude. Halfway between the cruise altitude and final descent altitude.

What is the chart symbol for an NDB?. 11. 6. 7. 14.

An aeronautical chart is conformal when: The meridians and parallels are perpendicular to each other. The map is an equidistant normal projection. Every great circle is represented by a straight line in the map. At any point the scale over a short distance in the direction of the parallel is equal to the scale in the direction of the meridian and the meridians are perpendicular to the parallels.

On a direct Mercator chart, great circles are shown as: Curves convex to the nearer pole. Straight lines. Rhumb lines. Curves concave to the nearer pole.

Which statement is correct about the scale of a Polar Stereographic projection of the Northern polar area?. The scale reaches its minimum value at the equator. The scale reaches its minimum value at the North pole. The scale reaches its maximum value at the North pole. The scale reaches its maximum value at the 45°N.

The pressure alt is 29000ft and the SAT is -55°(C). What is the density altitude?. 26000 feet. 30000 feet. 31000 feet. 27500 feet.

What is the weight in kilograms of 380 US Gallons at a Specific Gravity of 0.78?. 543. 2470. 1123. 5434.

What is correct as regards the properties of a Great Circle?. Both vertices of a great circle are situated at the same distance respectively North and South of the Equator and 180° apart in longitude. The interception point of a great circle and the Equator are named "the vertices”, which are positioned 180° apart in longitude. The lattitudes of both vertices are of different values, the longitudes are equal although respectively East and West. Both vertices of a great circle are positioned at the same latitude and 180° apart in longitude on the same hemisphere.

What is the relationship between air distance and ground distance with a headwind?. Ground distance and air distance are independent of wind. Air distance is greater than ground distance. Air distance and ground distance are equal. Ground distance is greater than air distance.

The scale on a Lambert's conformal conic chart: Is constant along a parallel of latitude. Varies slightly as a function of latitude and longitude. Is constant across the whole map. Is constant along a meridian of longitude.

A useful method of a pilot resolving, on a visual flight, any uncertainty in the aircraft's position is to maintain visual contact with the ground and: Fly reverse headings and associated timings until the point of departure is reached. Fly the reverse of the heading being flown prior to becoming uncertain until a pinpoint is obtained. Fly expanding circles until a pinpoint is obtained. Set heading towards a line feature such as a coastline, river or motorway.

If an aircraft flies along a VOR radial it will follow a. Constant magnetic heading. Line of constant bearing. Great circle track. Rhumb line track.

Compass deviation is defined as the angle between: True North and Compass North. The horizontal and the total intensity of the Earth's magnetic field. True North and Magnetic North. Magnetic North and Compass North.

An aircraft follows a great circle in the Northern Hemisphere. As the aircraft continues beyond the paint were the track is 270°(T), the great circle track angle will. Increase and the latitude will increase. Increase and the latitude will decrease. Decrease and the latitude will decrease. Decrease and the latitude will increase.

If variation is East, then: Compass North is West of Magnetic North. Magnetic North is West of Compass North. True North is East of Magnetic North. True North is West of Magnetic North.

An aircraft at FL370 is required to commence descent at 120 NM from a VOR and to cross the facility at FL130. If the mean GS for the descent is 288kt, the minimum rate of descent required is: 920 ft/min. 890 ft/min. 860 ft/min. 960 ft/min.

The agonic Line: Indicates zero variation. Is the shorter distance between the respective True and Magnetic North and South poles. Follows the geographic equator. Is midway between the magnetic North and South poles.

According to ICAO Annex 4, which symbol represents a mandatory FL?. 11. 10. 12. 9.

At 65 NM from a VOR you commence a descent from FL330 in order to arrive over the VOR at FL80. Your mean ground speed in the descent is 240 knots. What rate of descent is required?. 1540 feet/min. 1270 feet/min. 1630 feet/min. 1830 feet/min.

Civil Twilight occurs between: sunrise and sunset. 6° and 12° below the horizon. 12° and 18° below the horizon. Sunset and 6° below the horizon.

How many nautical miles are travelled in 1 minute 45 seconds at a ground speed of 135 knots?. 2.36. 39.0. 3.25. 3.94.

On a particular take-off, you can accept up to 10 knots tailwind. The runway QDM is 047, the variation is 17°E and the ATIS gives the wind direction as 210°. What is the maximum wind strength you can accept?. 8 knots. 11 knots. 18 knots. 4 knots.

The distance between two waypoints is 200 NM. To calculate compass heading the pilot used 2°E magnetic variation instead of 2°W. Assuming that the forecast W/V applied, what will the off-track distance be at the second waypoint?. 21 NM. 14 NM. 7 NM. 41 NM.

What is the chart convergence factor on a Polar Stereographic chart?. 0. 1.0. 0.866. 0.5.

What is the chart symbol for a Control Zone (CTR)?. 5. 3. 2. 1.

At 00:00 Local Mean Time of an observer. The mean sun is in transit with the observer's anti-meridian. The apparent sun is in transit with the observer's meridian. The apparent sun is in transit with the observer's anti-meridian. The mean sun is in transit with the observer's meridian.

At what times of the year does the length of the hours of daylight change most rapidly?. Autumn Equinox and Winter Solstice. Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox. Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice. Spring Equinox and Summer Solstice.

What is the definition of magnetic variation?. The angle between True North and Compass North. The angle between the direction indicated by a compass and Magnetic North. The angle between Magnetic Heading and Magnetic North. The angle between Magnetic North and True North.

In which month does aphelion occur?. January. March. July. November.

Variation at an NDB is 9W. Variation at the aircraft is I1W. The True Track of the great circle to the NDB from the aircraft, at the aircraft, is 101.5. The magnetic bearing of the NDB from the aircraft is: 114.5. 108.5. 110.5. 112.5.

Where is a compass most effective?. On the geographic equator. In the region of the magnetic North Pole. In the region of the magnetic South Pole. About midway between the earth's magnetic pole.

According to ICAO Annex 4, which symbol represents a non-compulsory (on request) flyover point/intersection?. 3. 2. 6. 1.

Given: True track 180° Drift 8°R Compass Heading 195° Deviation -2° Calculate the variation. 25°W. 21°W. 9°W. 5°W.

Given: True track: 192° Magnetic variation: 7°E Drift angle: 5° left What is the magnetic heading required to maintain the given track?. 194°. 204°. 190°. 180°.

Morning Civil twilight begins when the. Sun's upper edge is tangential to the celestial horizon. Centre of the Sun is 18° below the celestial horizon. Centre of the Sun is 6° below the celestial horizon. Centre of the Sun is 12° below the celestial horizon.

On a chart, 90.74 km is represented by 7.0cm. What is the scale?. 1 / 2015396. 1 / 700000. 1 / 1156600. 1 / 1296400.

What is the correct definition of latitude of a position on the earth?. Latitude is the angle between the plane of the equator and the line from the centre of the earth to the position. Latitude is the angle between the earth's rotational axis and the line from the centre of the earth to the position. Latitude is the angle between the plane of the Prime Meridian and the plane of the meridian of the position. Latitude is the angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the parallel of the position.

Your pressure altitude is FL55, the QNH is 998, and the SAT is +30°(C). What is the density altitude?. 8620 feet. 7750 feet. 10020 feet. 6980 feet.

Isogonal lines converge as follows: At the Magnetic equator. At the North and South Magnetic Poles. At the North and South Magnetic and both Geographical Poles. At the North Magnetic Pole.

An aircraft's compass must be swung: If the aircraft has been subjected to hammering. If the aircraft has been in the hangar for a Long time and has been moved several time. Every maintenance inspection. After a change of theatre of operations at the same magnetic latitude.

The long-term periodic change in the Earth's magnetic field: Is caused by the westerly movement of the geographic North Pole. Is reflected in the slow movement of the magnetic poles. Is caused by sunspot activity. Mainly affects compass deviation.

A Lambert's Conical conformal chart has standard parallels at 63N and 41N. What is the convergence factor?. .891. .656. .788. .707.

Which of the following conversions from True to Compass is the correct one (True / Variation / Magnetic / Deviation / Compass)?. 130/2W/132 /-1/131. 130/2E/132/-1/133. 130/2E/132/-1/133. 130/2W/132/-1/133.

Grivation is the combination of: Variation and deviation. Grid convergence and deviation. Variation and grid convergence. Deviation and the agonic value.

The aircraft position is at 5330N 00800W. The VORs are tuned to Shannon (SHA, 5243N 00853W) and Connaught (CON, 5355N 00849W). Which radials will be indicated (SHA / CON)? 138° 042°. 042 / 138. 213 / 310. 221 / 318. 023 / 130.

What is the dip angle at the North Magnetic Pole?. 0°. 64°. 180°. 90°.

The scale of a Lambert conformal conic chart is the: Scale at the standard parallels. Mean scale between the parallels of the secant cone. Mean scale between pole and equator. Scale at the equator.

Given: Aircraft height = 2500 feet, ILS GP angle = 3°, at what approximate distance from the threshold can you expect to intercept the glide-path?. 14.5 NM. 13.1 NM. 7.0 NM. 8.0 NM.

Which of the following differences in latitude will give the biggest difference in the initial great circle track and the mean great circle track between two points separated by 10° change of longitude?. 30S and 25S. 60N and 60N. 30S and 30N. 60N and 60S.

What is the diameter of the Earth?. 12732 km. 6366 km. 40000 km. 21600 km.

At what latitude(s) in the northern hemisphere is it possible to experience high values of variation?. Low latitudes. Any latitude. High latitudes. No latitude.

What is a line of equal grivation?. An isogriv. An isovar. An isogonal. An isocline.

A nautical mile is: 1500 metres. 1852 metres. 1012 metres. 1609 metres.

Contour lines on aeronautical maps and charts connect points. Having the same elevation. With the same variation. Having the same longitude. Of equal latitude.

At what latitude does the maximum difference between geodetic and geocentric latitude occur?. 0°. 60°. 90°. 45°.

The Lambert conformal conic projection has to be produced mathematically to: Display the meridians as straight lines. Obtain conformality. Obtain an equal scale between the standard parallels. Display the great circle as a straight line.

Which statement about ST is true?. In all cases the standard times at Western longitudes are slow on and at Eastern longitudes fast on UTC. Standard time is the time that is determined by division of the longitude by 15 and rounding off the answer to the nearest integer. The standard time at 125° W is UTC - 8h20m. Standard time is determined by the government of the appropriate state and does not necessarily follow the borders of 15° wide longitude zones.

Given: True course 300° Drift 8°R Variation 10°W Deviation -4° Calculate the compass heading. 294°. 322°. 278°. 306°.

Where is the International Dateline located?. In the vicinity of the 180°E/W meridian. Exactly on the 180°E/W meridian. To the east of the 180°E/W meridian only. To the west of the 180°E/W meridian only.

You fly from 49N to 58N along the 180 E/W meridian. What is the distance in km?. 1000 km. 540 km. 1222 km. 804 km.

You are heading 080°(T) when you get a range and bearing fix from your AWR (Airborne Weather Radar) on a headland at 185 NM 30° Left of the nose. What true bearing do you plot on the chart?. 050 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian. 230 from the headland, using the aircraft's meridian. 230 from the headland, using the headland's meridian. 050 from the headland, using the headland's meridian.

What is the reason for seasonal changes in climate?. Because the distance between the Earth and the Sun varies over a year. Because the Earth's orbital speed round the Sun varies according to the time of the year. Because the Earth's spin axis is inclined to the plane of its orbit round the Sun. Because of the difference between the Tropical Year and the Calendar Year.

You are heading 345°(M), the variation is 20°E, and you take a radar bearing of 30° left of the nose from an island. What bearing do you plot from the island?. 140°(T). 160°(T). 155°(T). 180°(T).

Therefore, with a headwind, air distance is greater than ground distance. Consider any two positions with difference in longitude of 7° The proportional difference between the rhumb line distance and the great circle distance between the two positions increases with?. Increasing latitude. Decreasing convergence. Decreasing latitude. Increasing attitude.

What is the chart symbol for a Civil Aerodrome?. 10. 8. 9. 11.

What is the effect on the Mach number and TAS in an aircraft that is climbing with constant CAS?. Mach number increases, TAS increases. Mach number remains constant, TAS increases. Mach number increases, TAS remains constant. Mach number decreases. TAS decreases.

A semi great circle on the Earth running from the North Pole to the South Pole is called a: Difference of longitude. Parallel of latitude. Longitude. Meridian.

When lying on a westerly great circle track in the southern hemisphere, the: True track will increase. Track will spiral and finally end up at the South Pole. Thumb line track between the departure point and the destination will always be on the left. True track will decrease.

What is the chart symbol for a Lighted obstacle?. 10. 12. 8. 14.

Given the following: Magnetic heading: 060° Magnetic variation: 8°W Drift angle: 4° right. What is the true track?. 048°. 072°. 056°. 064°.

When a chart meets the ICAO recommendations for conformity, what does this mean when using this chart for navigational purposes?. A straight line on the chart between two points does NOT necessarily represent the shortest ground distance between those two points. A straight line drawn on the chart will approximate a great circle. Meridians are printed as vertical lines perpendicular to the edges of the chart. For two same sized squares drawn on the chart at different locations, the underlying ground area on earth will have the same surface size.

Don't forget that a double negative makes a positive in this formula! This is where a lot of people tend to make mistakes. How does scale change on a normal Mercator chart?. Expands as the cosine of the latitude. Expands as the secant of the E/W great circle distance. Correct on the standard parallels, expands outside them, contracts within them. Expands directly with the secant of the latitude.

At the magnetic equator: Deviation is zero. The isogonal is an agonic line. Dip is zero. Variation is always maximum.

Which type of chart cannot project the poles?. Direct Mercator. Lamberts Conformal Conical. Transverse Mercator. Polar Stereographic.

Isogrivs are lines that connect positions that have: The same grivation. 0° Magnetic dip. The same horizontal magnetic field strength. The same variation.

What is the chart symbol for a VOR/DME?. 3. 4. 6. 8.

Convert 80 m/sec into knots. 55 knots. 16 knots. 155 knots. 160 knots.

By what amount must you change your rate of descent given a 10 knot decrease in headwind on a 3° glide slope?. 50 feet per minute increase. 30 feet per minute increase. 30 feet per minute decrease. 50 feet per minute decrease.

What is the highest latitude on the Earth at which the Sun can be vertically overhead?. 45°. 66 ½ °. 23 ½ °. 90°.

You are on an ILS 3-degree glide slope which passes over the runway threshold at 50 feet. Your DME range is 25 NM from the threshold. What is your height above the runway threshold elevation? (Use the 3. in 60 rule and 6000 feet = 1 nautical mile). 8010 feet. 7550 feet. 6450 feet. 7450 feet.

On a 5% glide slope your groundspeed is 150kt. What should be your rate of descent to maintain the glide slope?. 650 feet/min. 750 feet/min. 450 feet/min. 900 feet/min.

The main reason that day and night, throughout the year, have different durations is due to the: Inclination of the ecliptic to the Equator. Gravitational effect of the Sun and the Moon on the speed of rotation of the Earth. Earth's rotation. Relative speed of the Sun along the ecliptic.

What is the maximum possible value of Dip Angle at either Pole?. 45°. 66°. 180°. 90°.

What is the highest latitude listed below at which the sun will rise above the horizon and set every day?. 72°N. 68°N. 66°N. 62°N.

Which of the following alternatives is correct when you cross the international date line?. The date will always be the same. The date will increase if you are crossing on a westerly heading. If you are crossing from westerly longitude to easterly longitude the date will remain the same. The date will increase if you are crossing on a easterly heading.

What is the chart symbol for a Flight Information Region (FIR)?. 2. 5. 1. 3.

The value of magnetic variation on a chart changes with time. This is due to. Movement of the magnetic poles, causing an increase. Reduction in the compass deviation, causing a decrease. Movement of the magnetic poles, which can cause either an increase or a decrease. Increase in the magnetic field, causing an increase.

The sensitivity of a direct reading magnetic compass is: Inversely proportional to the vertical and horizontal components of the Earth's magnetic field. Inversely proportional to the vertical component of the Earth's magnetic field. Proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field. Inversely proportional to the horizontal component of the Earth's magnetic field.

Ground speed is 540 knots. 72 NM to go. What is the time to go?. 18 min. 12 min. 9 min. 8 min.

The GS of an aircraft is 269 kt. What is the time needed to fly 5 NM?. 1 min 7 sec. 1 min 20 sec. 1 min 52 sec. 1 min 30 sec.

Which of these is a correct statement about the Earth's magnetic field?. It may be temporary. transient. or permanent. The angle of dip is the angle between the vertical and the total magnetic force. It acts as though there is a large blue magnetic pole in Northern Canada. It has no effect on aircraft deviation.

An aircraft has to climb from FL50 -10°C to FL260 -25°C. The IAS for the climb is 180 kt and the WC is +30 kt. If the ROC is 900 ft/min, how many miles will the climb take?. 106 NM. 120 NM. 83 NM. 96 NM.

The value of variation: Cannot exceed 90°. Has a maximum value of 45° E or 45° W. Cannot exceed 180°. Is zero at the magnetic equator.

The angle between True North and Magnetic North is known as: Deviation. Variation. Alignment error. Dip.

Every 15 kt decrease in groundspeed on a 3° ILS glide path will require. An increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of approximately 75 ft/min. An increase in the aircraft's rate of descent of approximately 125 ft/min. A decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of approximately 125 ft/min. A decrease in the aircraft's rate of descent of approximately 75ft/min.

A rhumb line is: The shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface. A straight line on a Lamberts conformal chart. The vertex of a conformal polyformic projection. A line on the Earth which cuts all meridians at the same angle.

The chart that is generally used for navigation in polar areas is based on a: Gnomonic projection. Direct Mercator Projection. Stereographic projection. Lambert conformal projection.