Gramática inglesa UNED

Why are there three types of clause structure?. To show the tripartite nature and analysis of clauses from a functional perspective. Each type of clause structure corresponds to a different mood, i.e., declarative, interrogative and negative. Each type of clause structure corresponds to the following distinction: simple, complex (subordination) and compound (coordination). To reflect the different conceptualizations of reality by the speakers.

Which of the following is a definition of a non-finite clause?. A clause where the form of the verb chosen reflects the speaker's wish to express tense or modality. A clause which is complete in itself, i.e., it does not form part of a larger structure. A clause where the form of the verb chosen reflects the speaker's wish not to express tense or modality. A clause which is not integrated into the main clause and adds supplementary information.

Which of the following is NOT a proper group?. Verbal group. Prepositional group. Nominal group. Adjectival group.

Which of the following is a non-assertive word?. Still. Ever. Someone. Already.

Which of the following statements is NOT true?. It is more accurate to talk of transitive and intransitive uses of verbs than of transitive and intransitive verbs. A locative is a type of circumstantial adjunct. Subject complements are required by copular verbs. The more subsidiary an element, the more movable it is in the clause.

What does the predicator determine?. The number and type of objects and complements in a clause. The number and type of adjunct in a clause. The concord with the subject. The position of the rest of the elements in the clause.

Transferred negation consists of... Displacing the negative element from its logical place in the reported clause to negate the verb in the main clause. Displacing the negative element from its logical place in the main clause to negate the verb in the reported clause. Transferring the negative element to an informationally relevant position. Transferring the negative element to the theme position.

Which of the following verbs do NOT typically lead us to specify some characteristic of the Direct Object?. Stay. Find. Make. Appoint.

What do object complements do?. Characterise direct objects by a relational attribute. Characterise direct objects by an enhancing attribute. Characterise direct objects by an objective attribute. Characterise direct objects by a qualitative or a substantive attribute.

Which of the following is NOT a type of transitive complementation?. Indirect object + direct object. Prepositional object. Direct object. Indirect object.

Which of the following is NOT a material process?. Doing. Happening. Causing. Making.

Which verbs do NOT appear in existential clauses?. To be. Intransitive verbs expressing positional states. Intransitive dynamic verbs. Core transitive verbs.

What is the typical equivalent of the agent in an attributive structure?. The Experiencer. The Attribute. The Carrier. The Identifier.

Which of the following is an alternative interrogative?. Do you study linguistics or literature?. Do you alternate between two cities?. Which colour is your favourite?. How do you take your coffee?.

Which of the following realizations of the direct object is not possible?. Prepositional Phrase. Finite Clause. Adjectival Group. Non-finite clause.

What falls in the last non-anaphoric lexical item of the information unit?. Marked focus. Tonic syllable. Unmarked focus. Tonic prominence.

What types of element do you leave out in conversation and writing that imitates speech?. Stressed pronouns and determiners. Key non-functional items and lexical words. Non-recoverable material. Elements which are recoverable from the interactional context.

In coordinated clause the second clause is said to expand the first clause by... elaborating it. extending it. enhancing it. linking it.

When is there a Topical Theme?. When Theme conflates with Topic and Subject. When Theme is realized by a temporal or spatial Adjunct. When Theme is a fronted Complement. When Theme is a fronted Object.

What does the acronym "NICE" refer to?. The functions of Negation, Inversion, Code and Emphasis of the operator. The functions of Negation, Inversion, Coordination and Expansion of a wide group of Conjunctions and Adjuncts. The functions of Negation, Impersonalization (Passivization), Context and Experientiality in reference to clausal meaning. None of the above.

Which type of element can receive the focus in any given clause?. The operator. The subject. The post-verbal unit in transitive structure. Ant element at all.

What is thematization?. Thematic fronting. Thematic progression. Thematic incorporation. Thematic suppression.

What is the difference between proper nouns and proper names?. Proper nouns are impersonal and proper names are personal. Proper nouns are arbitrary nouns with no definable meaning and proper names potentially have a more complex structure. They are synonyms. Proper nouns refer to one single element within a group and proper names are descriptive labels which necessarily include one or more proper nouns.

What is NOT a function of personal pronouns?. Setting up identity chains by means of anaphora. Contributing to referential coherence. Contributing to textual cohesion. Maintaining the topic pattern of the discourse.

Which of the following is NOT an experiential type of determination by which referent things can be particularized in English?. Defining and particularizing. Quantifying and distributing. Semi-determinatives. Pre- and Post- modifiers.