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thletes at the Games compete in a series of workouts and activities over the course of a few days. The competition events at the CrossFit Games are not necessarily the same as workouts in a CrossFit gym. The events are generally not announced in advance before the Games. 27. How do CrossFit Games events compare with everyday gym workouts?. a) They are always easier than standard CrossFit routines. d) They differ from typical gym routines and are disclosed very late. c) They are usually revealed early for gym-wide practice.

The Games are set up as a test of fitness, and the founder of CrossFit, Greg Glassman, believes that CrossFit training should prepare athletes for "the unknown" and "the unknowable", so the fittest athletes should be able to handle any task given. 28. According to Greg Glassman, what should CrossFit prepare athletes for?. a) Routines done in predictable, structured environments. c) The unexpected and a wide variety of physical challenges. d) Exclusive training in gymnastics and lifting.

Each workout may involve a number of rounds and repetitions (reps) of different movements, for example, a workout may have a rep scheme comprising three rounds of 21–15–9 repetitions of each movement. 29. How are repetitions typically structured in a CrossFit workout?. a) Cyclical sequences of several movements with set rep counts. b) A continuous repetition of one motion without change. c) Repeating one movement per workout in decreasing time.

Workouts with "rounds for time" (RFT) structure are won by competitors who can finish the rounds of workouts in the fastest time, while workouts in the "as many reps/rounds as possible" (AMRAP) format are won by those who complete the most reps or rounds within a set time. 30. What distinguishes RFT from AMRAP workout formats in CrossFit?. a) RFT measures weight lifted; AMRAP tests reaction speed. b) RFT is about speed; AMRAP focuses on repetition volume. c) RFT is term-based; AMRAP is individual.

The Games often introduces some additional surprise elements that are not part of the typical CrossFit regimen to the events. These include obstacle courses, road cycling, ocean swimming, softball throwing, or ascending a pegboard. 31. What unusual features are sometimes added to CrossFit Games events?. a) Everyday gym exercises with fewer reps. b) Nontraditional activities like swimming or climbing. c) Only slow-paced movement drills.

"Odd-objects" like yokes, sleds, and sandbags may also be introduced to the workouts; some of these the athletes would not have encountered before in a CrossFit gym, examples are the "Snail" (an object shaped like a bale of hay but partly filled with sand), the "Pig" (a heavy block encased in rubber), and the "Banger" (a metal block on a track hit with a hammer). 32. What role do “odd objects” play in the CrossFit Games?. a) They serve as backup tools for technical errors. d) They introduce unfamiliar physical challenges to test adaptability. b) They are standard in all gym-based CrossFit workouts.

Dean visited the recruiter to see just how much he needed to shave off to be eligible to serve and the kind of workouts the Army demands. To his surprise, the recruiter was able to get him into the ranks, but with a catch. Dean would have to go to the Army's new Future Soldier Preparatory Course at Fort Jackson, South Carolina. There, new recruits have 90 days to lose enough weight to meet the Army standard and be shipped off to basic training. If not, they are separated from the service and sent home. 33. What condition did Dean have to meet in order to officially join the Army?. a) Complete basic training without supervision. c) Score highly on the ASVAB. b) Lose weight through a preparatory course.

Dean now weighs 250 lbs. and scored a 570 on the Army Combat Fitness Test, or ACFT, out of 600. That score is far above the average and demonstrates that Dean can deadlift heavy weight, run fast and hold a plank for an impressive amount of time. "I'm feeling proud, feeling humble," he told Military.com at his graduation. "If you were to ask me two or three years ago if I'd be standing where I'm standing today, I'd say 'absolutely not." 34. What does Dean’s performance on the Army Combat Fitness Test indicate about his current physical condition and mindset?. a) He achieved an average score that reflects balanced but unremarkable fitness levels. b) His results show exceptional overall fitness, and he is surprised by how much he has progressed. c) His high score is mainly due to excelling in endurance rather than strengthbased events.

The program has two tracks, one for shedding body fat and another for recruits who came up short on academic standards, performing poorly on the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery, or ASVAB. Last year, the service ended up 15,000 new soldiers short of its goal of bringing in 60,000 recruits. The Army is expected to fail to hit its more ambitious recruiting goal of 65,000 new soldiers this year. 35. What problem is the program designed to address, according to the text?. a) It prepares experienced soldiers for advanced leadership roles. b) It helps recruits meet physical or academic requirements amid recruiting shortfalls. c) It replaces standardized tests such as the ASVAB for new applicants.

36. Why is running a popular PT method? (Reading 4.33). c) Because it has a long tradition in the military. d) Because military members want to become a band of brothers. a) Because leaders love to plan and execute complex operations.

More to the point, strength training for a healthy young soldier does not prevent that soldier from being able to run in the event it becomes necessary, but failing to train for strength prevents the development of strength. People who do not train for strength themselves seem unable to understand the fact that you don't have to run all the time to be able to run occasionally, but that you do have to train for strength frequently to get stronger. And stronger is more useful to a soldier. 37. What is better for a soldier?. b) Frequent strength training and running occasionally. d) Frequent strength training and avoiding running. a) Running all the time, with no strength training.

ne of the ways you keep yourself humble, like we mentioned with Jiu Jitsu, is doing some really difficult challenges, mental and physical. One of those, I’ve done very recently is the Murph challenge and I got a really good time. It's 100 pull-ups, 200 push-ups, 300 squats, and a mile before and a mile run after, I got under 40 minutes on that. I think a lot of people were very impressed, it's very impressive time. It wasn't my best time but anything under 40 minutes I'm happy with. I think I've done it a little faster before but not much, I did not win on Memorial Day, one of my friends did it actually several minutes faster than me. 38. According to the text, what is true about the interviewee’s friends?. d) One of them is faster than him doing Murph. c) One of them is slower than him doing Murph.

We do so many muscle ups every day at Krypton. Usually, we do like 60 in a day. Therefore, afterwards I can ride, jump right back up like I don’t really have to rest before. 39. Due to her training, what was she able to avoid?. resting. smoothing.

Analysis of the battlespace environment tells us that a soldier’s physical tasks are dependent upon strength, power, anaerobic conditioning, and the ability to walk. Since the only people in the age range we recruit from who need to be trained to walk are those recovering from brain/spinal injuries, and are thus currently unsuitable for military service, a sensible training plan will focus exclusively upon developing strength, power, and anaerobic conditioning. Strength training paired with anaerobic conditioning also has the side effect of producing an ability to perform distance running, should the need arise in an emergency. It is incredibly obvious – or it should be – that a strong, powerful, conditioned soldier can also run any distance necessary in an emergency. 40. According to the text, why should military physical training prioritize strength, power, and anaerobic conditioning? (Extr. b) Because these qualities cover essential combat tasks and can support endurance when required. c) Because aerobic fitness is irrelevant in any military scenario. a) Because most recruits lack basic motor skills such as walking.

The strength training approach produces injuries at a far lower rate than distance running. This will address the problem of the high rates of injuries to knees, ankles, and lower backs because the incidence of injury is lower in stronger soldiers – they are literally be harder to break. A strength training program will make personnel far more resistant to injury than an endurance and aerobic one because they will have thicker bones, stronger ligaments and tendons, and much more muscle mass. 41. What advantage does strength-focused training have over endurance-based training, according to the author? (Extra text 44). c) It reduces the likelihood of common musculoskeletal injuries by increasing physical resilience. a) It eliminates the need for any form of conditioning. d) It is easier to implement with untrained recruits.

To distinguish UAVs from missiles, a UAV is defined as being capable of controlled, sustained level flight and powered by a jet or reciprocating engine. In addition, a cruise missile can be considered to be a UAV, but is treated separately on the basis that the vehicle is the weapon. a) Any missile can be considered a UAV. c) A ballistic missile can be considered a UAV. d) A missile can be considered a UAV.

The military role of UAVs is growing at unprecedented rates. Rapid advances in technology and weapons are enabling more and more capability to be placed on smaller airframes which is promoting a large increase in the number of Small Unmanned Aircraft System (SUAS) being deployed on the battlefield. The use of SUAS in combat is so new that no formal DoD (Department of Defense) wide reporting procedures have been established to track SUAS flight hours. a) is regulated by clear reporting procedures. d) is not allowed by governments. b) has not been formally regulated yet.

UAV’s roles have expanded to areas including electronic attack (EA), strike missions, suppression and/or destruction of enemy air defense (SEAD/DEAD), network node or communications relay, combat search and rescue (CSAR), and derivations of these themes. These UAV range in cost from a few thousand dollars to tens of millions of dollars, and the aircraft used in these systems range in size from a Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) weighing less than one pound to large aircraft weighing over 40,000 pounds. 44. What does the text suggest about the cost of UAV systems?. a) All UAVs are inexpensive to produce. b) Their price varies significantly.

I spent two years working with two RAF Reaper squadrons to research the people who fly this aircraft. This included watching real-time lethal strikes alongside crews at Creech Air Force Base and RAF Waddington. It also included 90 interviews with people who work with Reapers. 45. The autor... (R. b) Was interested in the human side of the process. d) All options are correct. a) Has worked with two Reapers.

The missiles typically take around 30 seconds to hit their target, depending on the launch height and distance. Once a target is identified, it’s up to the human operators to launch the attack. Reapers are not autonomous, decision-making weapon systems that select victims or choose how and when to kill them. 46. The time taken for a missile fired by the Reaper to hit its target is... (. a) Always the same. d) Measured, keeping in mind altitude and distance. b) Less than 30 seconds.

Soleimani was killed by a Hellfire laser-guided missile that may have come from a drone, but it would have been fired by a pilot in a ground control station located in the US. Each missile would then have been guided by a sensor operator onto Soleimani’s car or his escort vehicle. This represents the final stage in a highly human operation. Sometimes we get the impression that the drone does it all. It doesn’t. 47. The Hellfire missile that killed Soleimani was launched... d) From an unknown source. b) From a ground control station in the US. a) From a drone.

Spain plans to purchase two General Atomics Aeronautical Systems MQ-9 Block 5 Reapers for $34 million via the US foreign military sales process. The US State Department approved the sale of four MQ-5 Block 5 Reapers to Spain for $243 million in 2015. 48. Apparently, on the final contract, Spain... a) Wanted to spend less money. b) Tried to increase the quality of the units. c) Suffered from budget cut-offs.

embedded global positioning system and inertial guidance units, two mobile ground control stations, five multi spectral targeting systems and five synthetic aperture radars. Also proposed was contractor logistics support for two years and personnel training, as well as aircraft components, spares and accessories. At the time, the Pentagon’s Defense Security Cooperation Agency determined the sale would enhance the intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) capability of the Spanish military. 49. What was a key difference between the 2015 approved sale and the more recent purchase plan? (R. a) The earlier deal involved fewer aircraft but more support systems. b) The earlier agreement focused only on reconnaissance sensors. c) The later deal included more aircraft at a higher cost.

At a purely ergonomic level, the controls of an MQ-9 Reaper drone are actually neither as sophisticated nor as sensitive as state-of-the-art gaming controllers. The MQ-1 Predator, on which the MQ-9 Reaper is based, was rushed into service after 9/11 and typical military aircraft testing and development was not carried out because of time constraints. As a result, the controls were not developed to be as user-friendly as they will be in the Reaper’s successors. 50. How do the MQ-9 Reaper’s controls compare to modern gaming controllers?. c) They are less advanced and less responsive. a) They are more advanced and highly responsive. b) They are equally refined in terms of sensitivity.

More important is the human dimension. When Reaper crews have followed someone for days or weeks, their target is not just pixels on a screen but a living human being. Operators watch targets spend time with family and friends and even playing with their children. Crews, commanders and image analysts also continue to watch from above after a missile or bomb strike, conducting battle damage assessment. They see the bits of bodies being collected and taken for burial. They see grieving, devastated family members. And they know it is no game with a reset button. 51. What role do drone crews perform after a strike, according to the text?. c) They observe and assess the effects of the attack. b) They hand control to autonomous systems.

Operating a drone carries real risks. For one thing, terrorists have tried to target Reaper pilots and published a hit-list. But more prevalent is the psychological risk in repeatedly witnessing traumatising events and lethal strikes in close-up detail. A senior Reaper commander has described the impact of this as “far greater than it ever was with a manned cockpit”. These psychological effects are not yet fully understood but the risk is there. As one sensor operator I interviewed said: “If anybody on the Reaper fleet says it doesn’t affect them, then they’re lying. It does. It has to.” 52. What does the passage identify as the most significant risk of operating Reaper drones? (Reading 5. c) Long-term psychological impact from repeated exposure to violence. a) Physical danger caused by mechanical failures. d) Lack of understanding of drone control systems.

Remotely piloted aircraft like the Reaper will provide key air force capabilities for generations to come. For people to debate this technology in a useful way, they need to know what they can and cannot do. And understand that their governments are not using autonomous drones to kill random victims. Human operators are making life-and death decisions with huge consequences for everyone involved. 53. What is the main point the author makes about remotely piloted aircraft like the Reaper?. c) Their use involves informed human decision-making, not random automation. a) They operate independently without human oversight. d) They will soon replace all manned aircraft.

The General Atomics Avenger or Predator-C is a developmental unmanned combat air vehicle, built by General Atomics Aeronautical Systems for the United States Military. The Predator-C is armed with internal weapons bay with 1600 kgs capacity, six external hard points, 6500 pounds of payload that include several guided bombs and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. Maximum takeoff weight of this vehicle is 8225 kgs, powered with a single Pratt & Whitney Canada (PW 545 B turbofan) and produces 17.75 kilonewtons of thrust. It has a maximum and cruising speeds of 740 km per hour and 648 km per hour. This military drone has an endurance of 18 hours and can fly up to a maximum altitude of 50000 feet. 54. Which statement accurately summarizes key features of the General Atomics Predator-C? (Listening. a) A long-endurance UAV capable of flying at extreme heights while carrying guided weaponry both internally and externally. b) A lightweight drone designed for reconnaissance missions with limited altitude and no weapons bay. jh.

he Northrop Grumman X-47-B is a demonstration unmanned combat aerial vehicle designed for aircraft carrier-based operations that was developed by the American Defense Technology Company Northrop Grumman. The X-47-B first flew in 2011, and as of 2015 its two active demonstrators have undergone extensive flight and operational integration testing, having successfully performed a series of land and carrier-based demonstrations. It is armed with two weapon bays, providing for up to 2000 kilograms of ordnance. Now let’s look at the overall specifications. This vehicle is powered with a single Pratt & Whitney F100-220U turbofan, and it has a maximum take-off weight of over 20215 kilograms. Its maximum and cruise speeds are 1235 km per hour and 1111 km per hour. It can fly up to a maximum range and altitude of more than 3889 kilometers at 42000 feet. 55. Which of the following accurately reflects the capabilities and purpose of the X-47B? (List. b) A prototype carrier-compatible combat UAV capable of supersonic speeds and equipped with substantial internal armament. d) A retired unmanned system that never completed flight testing or weapon integration.