Which of the following options BEST explain the pesticide paradox principle of testing? If we do not regularly review and revise out tests, we’ll stop finding defect Repeatedly running a set of tests will ensure that a system is defect free Defects are, paradoxically, often contained in a small number of modules Testing, like spraying pesticide, is an effective bug / defect removal activity.
During which stage of the fundamental test process is the testability of requirements
evaluated? Test Execution Test Planning Test Design Test Analysis.
Which of the following would achieve the HIGHEST level of testing independence for a project’s
system test level? Training developers to design good tests for the test team to execute Outsourcing test design and execution to a different company Having the company’s independent test team design and execute the tests Minimizing contact between testers and developers during test design to avoid bias.
In which development life cycle model is regression testing an INCREASINGLY important activity
as the system functionality grows? V-model Waterfall Scrum Progressive.
Which of the following apply to System Testing?
a. May satisfy legal requirements
b. Can use system specifications as a test basis
c. Often the responsibility of business users
d. Test objects include recovery systems and hot sites
e. Should focus on the communication between systems a, c b, d a, b c, e.
After a record of poor quality software releases (incorrect menu selection options, new features
that do not work, users allowed to change security levels without administrator rights), you have
been asked to review the test capability in your company.
You have limited time to do the review before the next project, which type of testing would be
MOST appropriate to review first? Functional testing Non-functional testing Performance testing Structural testing.
Testing and Debugging are key activities in the software development lifecycle.
Which of the following are DEBUGGING activities? Designing tests to find failures Locating the cause of failures Analysing and fixing the defects Executing tests to show failures.
During the development of a software change for a system, the developer makes a mistake in his
work, which leads to a fault in the code. Unfortunately, the fault is not found by software testing and
is released into live. What is the DEFINITE consequence of this mistake? The system will fail, causing a defect If the defect is executed, the system may fail Loss of money, time, or business reputation Contractual requirements have not been met by testing.
Which ONE of the following is the BEST way to take advantage of the different mindsets of
testers and developers? Insist on independent testing at all stages in the lifecycle Have all developers undergo ISTQB training Keep developers and testers in separate teams Bring the two mindsets together.
When can functional and structural testing BOTH be applied? System and Component test levels only All ‘Development’ test levels, i.e. those before Acceptance testing Component and Component integration test levels only All test levels.
Which of the following are triggers for Maintenance testing?
a) System migration from one platform to another
b) Retirement of a system
c) Preparation of an audit of a system
d) Modifications to a system
e) Development of a whole new system a, c and d b, c and e a, d and e a, b, and d.
Which statement about Static Testing is TRUE? Static testing can be applied to any work product that participants know to read and understand Static testing must only be applied to final work products that have been signed off Static testing must be conducted by users of the product being tested Static testing executes the code to verify the functionality is as expected.
A car insurance policy has 3 rates of insurance depending on the age of the driver. For drivers
aged between 17 and 25 inclusive they are charged at rate A, drivers aged between 26 and 50
inclusive are charged at rate B and those drivers aged over 50 are charged at rate C.
You are designing test cases, which of the following three ages would test all valid equivalence
partitions and therefore test rate A, B and C? 26, 45, 50 10, 21, 55 20, 35, 65 17, 25, 50.
A holiday club restricts those booking the holiday, to people between the ages of 18 and 30
inclusive.
Using three-point boundary values, what ages would be required to test the lower and upper
boundary? 17, 18, 19, 29, 30, 31 17, 18, 19, 30, 31, 32 18, 19, 20, 28, 29, 30 16, 17, 18, 30, 31, 32.
Given the following state transition diagram where SS is the start state:
Which of the following answers describes a test case that only uses valid transitions to exercise all
states, using the minimum number of transitions? SS-S3-SS-S1-S3-S2 SS-S3-S2-S1 SS-S1-S2-S3 SS-S1-S3-S2.
Which statement about deriving test cases from a use case is TRUE? Test cases are designed to exercise the defined behaviours There should only be one test case for each use case Test cases can only be derived if there is an activity diagram It is not possible to measure use case test coverage.
Which of the following is an approach that can be used for exploratory testing? Time-boxed test sessions are created, during which a tester uses a test charter containing test
objectives to guide the testing A tester methodically executes tests from a list of possible failures, based on experience, defect
and failure data A tester analysis, designs and implements test based on external rules and standards Test are designed based on the guidance of stakeholders and experts outside the test team.
Which of the following are benefits of an independent test team, and which are drawbacks?
a) Independent testers can find different defects
b) Developers may put less emphasis on quality
c) Independent testers can be seen as the reason for delayed projects
d) Independent testers can verify assumptions made during the specification of a system a and b are benefits, c and d are drawbacks b and c are benefits, a and d are drawbacks a and d are benefits, b and c are drawbacks c and d are benefits, a and b are drawbacks.
Tests have been specified for the latest software release and users have prioritized these.
However, there are some dependencies between test as shown in the table below (e.g. Test ID. ‘123’
cannot be run until Test ID. ‘456’ has been successfully completed).
Which test execution schedule best meets the prioritization and dependency conditions? 3, 5, 7 ,10, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 1 5, 7, 4, 3, 9, 10, 1, 6, 8, 2 6, 1, 2, 9, 4, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 7, 9, 10, 6, 8.
Testing effort can depend on a number of factors, which one of the following is MOST likely to
impact the amount of effort required? The predicted number of defect and the amount of rework required The ratio of developers to testers in the project team The planned use of a project management tool to schedule tasks The responsibilities for testers and developers being clearly defined.
Which one of the following statements about techniques for estimating test effort is correct? The metrics-based technique finds the most similar former project and uses its original estimate
for the current project The expert-based approach is based on the experience of the owners of the testing tasks or by
subject matter experts The metrics-based technique uses metrics supplied by the current test team based on their
subjective feel for effort required In an expert-based approach, the test lead with the most years in the role is chosen to produce
the estimates.
Which of the following would NOT typically be covered in a test summary report? The risks associated with unresolved defects found during testing Any features of the system that were not tested along with reasons Whether there is any economic benefit in continuing testing beyond the planned date An analysis of lessons learned to determine changes for future projects.
Which of the following BEST describes how configuration management supports the test
process? It enables the tester to reproduce the tested item through unique identification and version
control It enables the tester to systematically design test conditions, cases and data It enables incidents to be tracked from discovery and classification to correction and confirmation
of the solution It helps the test manager to decide how best to integrate and coordinate the testing activities into
the software life cycle.
Which of the following are product risks?
a) Failure prone software delivered
b) Software does not perform its intended functions
c) Insufficient staff available for testing
d) Test environment not ready on time
e) Poor data integrity and quality b, c, and e b, d, and e a, b, and e b, c, and d.
Your agile project has scheduled a final sprint before release to fix and re-test all open defects
with priority level of 3 or above. The following defect report shows the defect fields that are
currently being captured on the system.
Title: Unable to add excursions to pre-paid cruises
Date raised: 21/05/18
Author: Emma Rigby
Status: Fixed
What occurred: I went to book an excursion for a pre-paid cruise but received an error message
saying. ‘Facility not available’. I can book excursions on cruises that have not yet been fully paid.
What should have occurred: Requirement 3.12 says clearly that customers can add excursions after
cruises have been fully paid so the facility should have been available (when an additional amount
may now need to be paid).
Priority: 2
Software build: 2.1
Test level: System test
Environment details: System test 3
Which of ONE of the following additional defect report fields would be MOST beneficial for the
sprint team to add? Severity Test Script ID Actual results Expected results.
An issue has been found in a production system, where a code component fails to release
memory after it has finished using it.
Which of the following tools would have been the MOST effective at detecting this defect during
Performance testing? Dynamic analysis tool Test Execution tool Configuration management tool Coverage measurement tool.
Which of the following BEST describes a Test Case? A statement about “what to test” in terms of measurable coverage criteria from analysis of the
test basis A set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results and postconditions developed based on
test conditions A description of the test objectives to be achieved and the means and schedule for achieving
them A source to determine expected results to compare with the actual result of the system under
test.
Which of the following options describe the chain of events in the correct sequence? Error, fault, failure Fault, bug, mistake Mistake, failure, fault Failure, bug, error.
When comparing Static and Dynamic test techniques, which of the following statements is
TRUE? Static Testing finds failures, whilst Dynamic Testing only finds the cause of failures Static Testing techniques, such as reviews, can be undertaken before Dynamic Testing, making
defects cheaper to remove Static Testing is based on the execution of code, whilst Dynamic Testing relies on examination and
analysis Only Static Testing has the objective of identifying defects.
Which defect below is MOST likely to be found by a review during static testing? Incorrect interface specifications Old versions of software in use Performance bottlenecks Broken links to web addresses.
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of the WALKTHROUGH review type? The meeting is led by the author Metrics are gathered throughout Attendees must prepare before the meeting Entry and exit criteria are defined.
You are performing a review of your colleague’s test cases based on the following test basis
document:
The Test Cases are as follows:
TC1. Success – valid ‘User Name’ and ‘Password’; Customer Menu Displayed
TC2. Failure – ‘User Name’ field has blank entry; Error Number 12 displayed
TC3. Failure – ‘User Id’ entered does not exist on database (i.e. unregistered user); Error Number 23
displayed
TC4. Failure – ‘Password’ entered does not match user’s password on database; Error Number 24
displayed
You are guided by the following checklist in your review:
C1. There must be one test case to cover success
C2. There must be one test case for each error path (e.g. validation failure)
C3. Each test case must use terminology consistent with the test basis documents (field names, error
numbering, etc.)
Record a separate defect for each missing test case (checklist items C1 and C2) and for each test case
that does not meet checklist item C3.
How many defects should you record? 1 2 3 4.
Which of the following BEST describes checklist-based testing? An approach to testing whereby the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on their
knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a high-level list of items
to be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product has to be
verified A procedure to derive and/or select test cases based on an analysis of the specification, either
functional or non-functional, of a component or system without references to its internal structure A test design technique which ensures that test cases are checked for consistency and
completeness against an organisation’s list of formatting rules and best practices.
Which of the following is a key difference between black box and white box test design
techniques? Black box techniques use software code to derive test cases, white box techniques do not White box techniques use functional design specifications to derive test cases, black box
techniques do not White box techniques can measure the extent of code coverage, black box techniques can not White box techniques derive test cases from models of the software, black box techniques do not.
A student needs to score at least 50 points to pass. If they score at least 100 points they will
achieve a merit and if they score at least 150 points they will achieve a distinction.
Which two values are in the same partition? 45 and 55 55 and 120 50 and 60 45 and 170.
Given the following decision tables, what is the expected result for the test case listed below?
Test Case: Purchase a Toaster weighing 9kg for £10. No need to pay in cash, no free delivery Must pay in cash, no free delivery No need to pay in cash, free delivery Must pay in cash, free delivery.
Which of the following is NOT a valid use of decision coverage? Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a single program Checking that all decisions have been exercised in a business process Checking that all decisions are based on a numeric value Checking that at least 100% decision coverage has been achieved, as this guarantees 100%
statement coverage.
Which of the following BEST describes a methodical approach to the Error Guessing test
technique? A tester dynamically designs and executes test based on their knowledge, exploration of the test
items and the results of previous tests An experienced tester makes a list of potential defects and failures, and designs and runs tests to
generate these failures should the defects be present in the code A tester designs, implements, and executes tests to cover test conditions found in checklists that
are based on what is important for the user An inexperienced tester is asked to attempt to guess errors that may have been missed by
experienced testers during formal test design.
Which option BEST describes how the level of risk is determined? The likelihood of an adverse event happening multiplied by the cost of preventing it The consequences of potential problem multiplied by the cost of possible legal action The impact of an adverse event multiplied by the likelihood of that even occurring The likelihood and the probability of a hazard occurring.
You have been asked to improve the way test automation tools are being used in your
company. Which one of the following is the BEST approach? Selecting and automating scripts that test new functionality to find the most defects Using a keyword-driven testing approach to separate the actions and data from the tool’s script Ensuring that all data, inputs and actions are stored in the tool’s script for ease of maintenance Keeping expected results separate from the automation tool to allow the testers to check the
results.
Which one of the following answers describes a test condition? A distinguishing characteristic of a component or system A testable aspect of a component or system identified as a basis for testing The degree to which a software product provides functions which meet stated and implied
needs when the software is used under specified conditions Test cases designed to execute combinations of conditions and actions resulting from them.
Which of the following statements is a valid objective for testing? The test should start as late as possible so that development had enough time to create a
good product To validate whether the test object works as expected by the users and other stakeholders To prove that all possible defects are identified To prove that any remaining defects will not cause any failures.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and
debugging? Testing identifies the source of defects; debugging analyzes the defects and proposes
prevention activities Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects; debugging eliminates the defects, which
are the source of failures Testing removes faults; but debugging removes defects that cause the faults Dynamic testing prevents the causes of failures; debugging removes the failures.
Which one of the statements below describes the most common situation for a failure discovered
during testing or in production? The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box The wrong version of a compiled source code file was included in the build The computation algorithm used the wrong input variables The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm.
Mr. Test has been testing software applications on mobile devices for a period of 5 years. He has a
wealth of experience in testing mobile applications and achieves better results in a shorter time
than others. Over several months, Mr. Test did not modify the existing automated test cases and
did not create any new test cases. This leads to fewer and fewer defects being found by executing
the tests. What principle of testing did Mr. Test not observe? Testing depends on the environment Exhaustive testing is not possible Repeating of same tests will not find new defects Defects cluster together.
In what way can testing be part of Quality Assurance? It ensures that requirements are detailed enough Testing reduces the risk of poor software quality It ensures that standards in the organization are followed It measures the quality of software in terms of number of executed test cases.
Which of the following activities is part of the main activity "test analysis" in the test process? Identifying any required infrastructure and tools Creating test suites from test scripts Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement Evaluating the test basis for testability.
Match the following test work products (1-4) with the right description (A-D).
1. Test suite
2. Test case
3. Test script
4. Test charter
A. A set of test scripts to be executed in a specific test run
B. A set of instructions for the execution of a test
C. Contains expected results
D. Documentation of test activities in session-based exploratory testing 1A, 2C, 3B, 4D 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C 1A, 2C, 3D, 4B 1D, 2C, 3B, 4A.
How can white-box testing be applied during user acceptance testing? To check if large volumes of data can be transferred between integrated systems To check if all code statements and code decision paths have been executed To check if all work process flows have been covered To cover all web page navigations.
Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE? Component testing verifies the functionality of software modules, program objects, and
classes that are separately testable, whereas system testing verifies interfaces between
components and interactions between different parts of the system Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications,
design specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually
derived from requirement specifications or use cases Component testing only focuses on functional characteristics, whereas system testing
focuses on functional and non-functional characteristics Component testing is the responsibility of the testers, whereas system testing typically is
the responsibility of the users of the system.
Which one of the following is TRUE? The purpose of regression testing is to check if the correction has been successfully
implemented, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm that the correction has
no side effects The purpose of regression testing is to detect unintended side effects, while the purpose of
confirmation testing is to check if the system is still working in a new environment The purpose of regression testing is to detect unintended side effects, while the purpose of
confirmation testing is to check if the original defect has been fixed The purpose of regression testing is to check if the new functionality is working, while the
purpose of confirmation testing is to check if the original defect has been fixed.
Which one of the following is the BEST definition of an incremental development model? Defining requirements, designing software and testing are done in phases where in each
phase a piece of the system is added A phase in the development process should begin when the previous phase is complete Testing is viewed as a separate phase which takes place after development has been
completed Testing is added to development as an increment.
Which of the following should NOT be a trigger for maintenance testing? Decision to test the maintainability of the software Decision to test the system after migration to a new operating platform Decision to test if archived data is possible to be retrieved Decision to test after “hot fixes”.
Which of the following options are roles in a formal review? Developer, Moderator, Review leader, Reviewer, Tester Author, Moderator, Manager, Reviewer, Developer Author, Manager, Review leader, Reviewer, Designer Author, Moderator, Review leader, Reviewer, Scribe.
Which activities are carried out within the planning of a formal review? Collection of metrics for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the review Answer any questions the participants may have Definition and Verification of fulfillment of entry criteria for the review Evaluation of the review findings against the exit criteria.
Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose when the review must follow a
formal process based on rules and checklists? Informal Review Technical Review Inspection Walkthrough.
Which of the following statements about static testing are MOST true? Static testing is a cheap way to detect and remove defects Static testing makes dynamic testing less challenging Static testing makes it possible to find run-time problems early in the lifecycle When testing safety-critical system, static testing has less value because dynamic testing
finds the defects better.
You will be invited to a review. The work product to be reviewed is a description of the in-house
document creation process. The aim of the description is to present the work distribution between
the different roles involved in the process in a way that can be clearly understood by everyone.
You will be invited to a checklist-based review. The checklist will also be sent to you. It includes the
following points:
i. Is the person who performs the activity clearly identified for each activity?
ii. Are the entry criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iii. Are the exit criteria clearly defined for each activity?
iv. Are the supporting roles and their scope of work clearly defined for each activity?
In the following we show an excerpt of the work result to be reviewed, for which you should use the
checklist above:
"After checking the customer documentation for completeness and correctness, the software
architect creates the system specification. Once the software architect has completed the system
specification, he invites testers and verifiers to the review. A checklist describes the scope of the
review. Each invited reviewer creates review comments - if necessary - and concludes the review
with an official review done-comment."
Which of the following statements about your review is correct? Point ii) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear which condition must be
fulfilled to invite to the review You notice that in addition to the tester and the verifier, the validator must also be invited.
Since this item is not part of your checklist, you do not create a corresponding comment Point iii) of the checklist has been violated as it is not clear what marks the review as
completed Point i) of the checklist has been violated because it is not clear who is providing the
checklist for the invitation to the review.
What is checklist-based testing? A test technique in which tests are derived based on the tester's knowledge of past faults,
or general knowledge of failures A test technique based on an analysis of the specification of a component or system An experience-based test technique whereby the experienced tester uses a list of items to
be noted, checked, or remembered, or a set of rules or criteria against which a product
must be verified An approach to testing where the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on
their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests.
Which one of the following options is categorized as a black-box test technique? A technique based on analysis of the architecture A technique checking that the test object is working according to the detailed design A technique based on the knowledge of past faults, or general knowledge of failures A technique based on formal requirements.
The following statement refers to decision coverage:
“When the code contains only a single ‘if’ statement and no loops or CASE statements, and its
execution is not nested within the test, any single test case we run will result in 50% decision
coverage.”
Which of the following statement is correct? The statement is true. Any single test case provides 100% statement coverage and
therefore 50% decision coverage The statement is true. Any single test case would cause the outcome of the “if” statement to
be either true or false The statement is false. A single test case can only guarantee 25% decision coverage in this
case The statement is false. The statement is too broad. It may be correct or not, depending on
the tested software.
Which one of the following is the description of statement coverage? It is a metric, which is the percentage of test cases that have been executed It is a metric, which is the percentage of statements in the source code that have been
executed It is a metric, which is the number of statements in the source code that have been
executed by test cases that are passed It is a metric, that gives a true/false confirmation if all statements are covered or not.
Which statement about the relationship between statement coverage and decision coverage is
true? 100% decision coverage also guarantees 100% statement coverage 100% statement coverage also guarantees 100% decision coverage 50% decision coverage also guarantees 50% statement coverage Decision coverage can never reach 100%.
For which of the following situations is exploratory testing suitable? When time pressure requires speeding up the execution of tests already specified When the system is developed incrementally, and no test charter is available When testers are available who have enough knowledge of similar applications and
technologies When an advanced knowledge of the system already exists, and evidence is to be if it
should be tested intensively.
An employee’s bonus is to be calculated. It cannot be negative, but it can be calculated down to
zero. The bonus is based on the length of employment:
• Less than or equal to 2 years
• More than 2 years but less than 5 years
• 5 to 10 years inclusively
• Longer than 10 years
What is the minimum number of test cases required to cover all valid equivalence partitions for
calculating the bonus? 3 5 2 4.
A speed control and reporting system has the following characteristics:
• If you drive 50 km/h or less, nothing will happen.
• If you drive faster than 50 km/h, but no more than 55 km/h, you will be warned.
• If you drive faster than 55 km/h but not more than 60 km/h, you will be fined.
• If you drive faster than 60 km/h, your driving license will be suspended.
• The speed in km/h is available to the system as an integer value.
Which would be the most likely set of values (km/h) identified by applying the boundary value
analysis, where only the values on the boundaries of the equivalence classes are selected? 0, 49, 50, 54, 59, 60 50, 55, 60 49, 50, 54, 55, 60, 62 50, 51, 55, 56, 60, 61.
A company's employees are paid bonuses if they work more than a year in the company and
achieve a target which is individually agreed before.
These facts can be shown in a decision table:
Which of the following test cases represents a situation that can happen in real life, and is missing
in the above decision table? Condition1 = YES, Condition2 = NO, Condition3 = YES, Action= NO Condition1 = YES, Condition2 = YES, Condition3 = NO, Action= YES Condition1 = NO, Condition2 = NO, Condition3 = YES, Action= NO Condition1 = NO, Condition2 = YES, Condition3 = NO, Action= NO.
Which of the following statements about the given state transition diagram and table of test cases
is TRUE? The given test cases cover both valid and invalid transitions in the state transition diagram The given test cases represent all possible valid transitions in the state transition diagram The given test cases represent some of the valid transitions in the state transition diagram The given test cases represent pairs of transitions in the state transition diagram.
A video application has the following requirement: The application shall allow playing a video on
the following display resolution:
1. 640x480
2. 1280x720
3. 1600x1200
4. 1920x1080
Which of the following list of test cases is a result of applying the equivalence partitioning test
technique to test this requirement? Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 1920x1080 (1 test case) Verify that the application can play a video on a display of size 640x480 and 1920x1080 (2
test cases) Verify that the application can play a video on each of the display sizes in the requirement
(4 test cases) Verify that the application can play a video on any one of the display sizes in the
requirement (1 test case).
Which of the following statements BEST describes how tasks are divided between the test
manager and the tester? The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be followed, while
the tester chooses the tools and set the tools usage guidelines The test manager plans, coordinates, and controls the testing activities, while the tester
automates the tests The test manager plans, monitors, and controls the testing activities, while the tester
designs tests and decides on the release of the test object The test manager plans and organizes the testing and specifies the test cases, while the
tester executes the tests.
Which of the following metrics would be MOST useful to monitor during test execution? Percentage of executed test cases Average number of testers involved in the test execution Coverage of requirements by source code Percentage of test cases already created and reviewed.
Which of the following can affect and be part of the (initial) test planning? Budget limitations Test log Failure rate Use cases.
Which of the following lists contains only typical exit criteria from testing? Reliability measures, test coverage, schedule and status about fixing defect and remaining
risks Reliability measures, test coverage, degree of tester’s independence and product
completeness Reliability measures, test coverage, test cost, availability of test environment, time to
market and product completeness Time to market, remaining defects, tester qualification, availability of testable use cases,
test coverage and test cost.
Which one of the following is NOT included in a test summary report? Defining pass/fail criteria and objectives of testing Deviations from the test approach Measurements of actual progress against exit criteria Evaluation of the quality of the test object.
The project develops a "smart" heating thermostat. The control algorithms of the thermostat were
modeled as Matlab/Simulink models and run on the internet connected server. The thermostat
uses the specifications of the server to trigger the heating valves.
The test manager has defined the following test strategy/approach in the test plan:
1. The acceptance test for the whole system is executed as an experience-based test.
2. The control algorithms on the server are checked against standard of the energy
saving regulation.
3. The functional test of the thermostat is performed as risk-based testing.
4. The security tests of data / communication via the internet are executed together
with external security experts.
What four common types of test strategies/approaches did the test manager implement in the test
plan? Methodical, analytical, reactive, and regression-averse Analytical, standard-compliant, consultative, and reactive Model-based, methodical, analytical, and consultative Regression-averse, consultative, reactive, and methodical.
Which one of the following is the characteristic of a metrics-based approach for test estimation? Budget which was used by a previous similar test project Overall experience collected in interviews with test managers Estimation of effort for test automation agreed in the test team Average of calculations collected from business experts.
As a test manager you are responsible for testing the following parts of requirements:
• R1 - Process anomalies
• R2 - Synchronization
• R3 - Approval
• R4 - Problem solving
• R5 - Financial data
• R6 - Diagram data
• R7 - Changes to the user profile
Notation: Logical requirement dependencies (A -> B means, that B depends on A):
Which one of the following options structures the test execution schedule according to the
requirement dependencies? R1 ; R3 ; R4 ; R7 ; R2 ; R5 ; R6 R1 ; R3 ; R2 ; R4 ; R7 ; R5 ; R6 R1 ; R3 ; R2 ; R5 ; R6 ; R4 ; R7 R1 ; R2 ; R5 ; R6 ; R3 ; R4 ; R7.
You are testing a new version of software for a coffee machine. The machine can prepare different
types of coffee based on four categories. i.e., coffee size, sugar, milk, and syrup. The criteria are
as follows:
• Coffee size (small, medium, large)
• Sugar (none, 1 unit, 2 units, 3 units, 4 units)
• Milk (yes or no)
• Coffee flavor syrup (no syrup, caramel, hazelnut, vanilla)
Now you are writing a defect report with the following information:
• Title: Low coffee temperature.
• Short summary: When you select coffee with milk, the time for preparing coffee is
too long and the temperature of the beverage is too low (less than 40 °C).
• Expected result: The temperature of coffee should be standard (about 75 °C).
• Degree of risk: Medium
• Priority: Normal
What valuable information was omitted in the above defect report? The actual test results Identification of the tested software version Status of the defect Ideas for improving the test case.
Which one of the following is MOST likely to be a benefit of test execution tools? It is easy to create regression tests It is easy to maintain version control of test assets It is easy to design tests for security testing It is easy to run regression tests.
Which one of the following test tools is mostly suitable for developers rather than testers? Requirement management tools Configuration management tools Static analysis tools Performance testing tools.
Which of the following provides the definition of the term test case? Subset of the value domain of a variable within a component or system in which all values
are expected to be treated the same based on the specification A set of preconditions, inputs, actions, expected results and post conditions, developed
based on test conditions Work products produced during the test process for use in planning, designing, executing,
evaluating, and reporting on testing A source to determine an expected result to compare with the actual result of the system
under test.
Which of the following is a typical objective of testing? To find defects and failures To validate the project plan works as required Ensuring of complete testing Comparing actual results with expected results.
Which of the following is an example of a failure in a car cruise control system? The developer of the system forgot to rename variables after a cut-and-paste operation Unnecessary code that sounds an alarm when reversing was included in the system The system stops maintaining a set speed when the radio volume is increased or
decreased The design specification for the system wrongly states speeds.
Which of the following is a defect rather than a root cause in a fitness tracker? Because the author of the requirements was unfamiliar with the domain of fitness training,
he therefore wrongly assumed that users wanted heartbeat in beats per hour The tester of the smartphone interface had not been trained in state transition testing, so
missed a major defect An incorrect configuration variable implemented for the GPS function could cause location
problems during daylight saving times Because the designer had never worked on wearable devices before, she as designer of
the user interface therefore misunderstood the effects of reflected sunlight.
As a result of risk analysis, more testing is being directed to those areas of the system under test
where initial testing found more defects than average.
Which of the following testing principles is being applied? Beware of the pesticide paradox Testing is context dependent Absence-of-errors is a fallacy Defects cluster together.
Given the following test activities and tasks:
A. Test design
B. Test implementation
C. Test execution
D. Test completion
1. Entering change requests for open defect reports
2. Identifying test data to support the test cases
3. Prioritizing test procedures and creating test data
4. Analyzing discrepancies to determine their cause
Which of the following BEST matches the activities with the tasks? A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1 A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4.
Which of the following BEST describes how value is added by maintaining traceability between the
test basis and test artifacts? Maintenance testing can be fully automated based on changes to the initial requirements It is possible to determine if a new test case has increased coverage of the requirements Test managers can identify which testers found the highest severity defects Areas that may be impacted by side-effects of a change can be targeted by confirmation
testing.
Which of the following qualities is MORE likely to be found in a tester’s mindset rather than in a
developer’s? A tester´s mindset tends to grow and mature as the tester gains experience Ability to see what might go wrong Good communication with team members Focus on getting all things done.
Given the following statements about the relationships between software development activities
and test activities in the software development lifecycle:
1. Each development activity should have a corresponding testing activity
2. Reviewing should start as soon as final versions of documents become available
3. The design and implementation of tests should start during the corresponding
development activity
4. Testing activities should start in the early stages of the software development
lifecycle
Which of the following CORRECTLY shows which are true and false? True – 1, 2; False – 3, 4 True – 2, 3; False – 1, 4 True – 1, 2, 4; False – 3 True – 1, 4; False – 2, 3.
Given that the testing being performed has the following attributes:
• Based on interface specifications
• Focused on finding failures in communication
• The test approach uses both functional and structural test types
Which of the following test levels is MOST likely being performed? Integration testing Acceptance testing System testing Component testing.
Which of the following statements about test types and test levels is CORRECT? Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at system and acceptance test
levels, while white-box testing is restricted to component and integration testing Functional testing can be performed at any test level, while white-box testing is restricted to
component testing It is possible to perform functional, non-functional and white-box testing at any test level Functional and non-functional testing can be performed at any test level, while white-box
testing is restricted to component and integration testing.
Which of the following statements BEST compares the purposes of confirmation testing and
regression testing? The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that all previously run tests still work
correctly, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to ensure that any fixes made to one
part of the system have not adversely affected other parts The purpose of confirmation testing is to check that a previously found defect has been
fixed, while the purpose of regression testing is to ensure that no other parts of the system
have been adversely affected by the fix The purpose of regression testing is to ensure that any changes to one part of the system
have not caused another part to fail, while the purpose of confirmation testing is to check
that all previously run tests still provide the same results as before The purpose of confirmation testing is to confirm that changes to the system were made
successfully, while the purpose of regression testing is to run tests that previously failed to
ensure that they now work correctly.
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY describes a role of impact analysis in
Maintenance Testing? Impact analysis is used when deciding if a fix to a maintained system is worthwhile Impact analysis is used to identify how data should be migrated into the maintained system Impact analysis is used to decide which hot fixes are of most value to the user Impact analysis is used to determine the effectiveness of new maintenance test cases.
Which of the following statements CORRECTLY reflects the value of static testing? By introducing reviews, we have found that both the quality of specifications and the time
required for development and testing have increased Using static testing means we have better control and cheaper defect management due to
the ease of detecting defects later in the lifecycle Now that we require the use of static analysis, missed requirements have decreased and
communication between testers and developers has improved Since we started using static analysis, we find coding defects that might have not been
found by performing only dynamic testing.
Which of the following statements on the use of checklists in a formal review is CORRECT? As part of the review planning, the reviewers create the checklists needed for the review As part of the issue communication, the reviewers fill in the checklists provided for the
review As part of the review meeting, the reviewers create defect reports based on the checklists
provided for the review As part of the review initiation, the reviewers receive the checklists needed for the review.
Which of the following CORRECTLY matches the roles and responsibilities in a formal review? Manager – Decides on the execution of reviews Review Leader - Ensures effective running of review meetings Scribe – Fixes defects in the work product under review Moderator – Monitors ongoing cost-effectiveness.
The reviews being used in your organization have the following attributes:
• There is a role of a scribe
• The purpose is to detect potential defects
• The review meeting is led by the author
• Reviewers find potential defects by individual review
• A review report is produced
Which of the following review types is MOST likely being used? Informal Review Walkthrough Technical Review Inspection.
You have been asked to take part in a checklist-based review of the following excerpt from the
requirements specification for a library system:
Librarians can:
1. Register new borrowers
2. Return books from borrowers
3. Accept fines from borrowers
4. Add new books to the system with their ISBN, author and title
5. Remove books from the system
6. Get system responses within 5 seconds
Borrowers can:
7. Borrow a maximum of 3 books at one time
8. View the history of books they have borrowed/reserved
9. Be fined for failing to return a book within 3 weeks
10. Get system responses within 3 seconds
11. Borrow a book at no cost for a maximum of 4 weeks
12. Reserve books (if they are on-loan)
All users (librarians and borrowers):
13. Can search for books by ISBN, author, or title
14. Can browse the system catalogue
15. The system shall respond to user requests within 3 seconds
16. The user interface shall be easy-to-use
You have been assigned the checklist entry that requires you to review the specification for
inconsistencies between individual requirements (i.e., conflicts between requirements).
Which of the following CORRECTLY identifies inconsistencies between pairs of requirements? 6-10, 6-15, 7-12 6-15, 9-11 6-10, 6-15, 9-11 6-15, 7-12.
Which of the following provides the BEST description of exploratory testing? A testing practice in which an in-depth investigation of the background of the test object is
used to identify potential weaknesses that are examined by test cases An approach to testing whereby the testers dynamically design and execute tests based on
their knowledge, exploration of the test item and the results of previous tests An approach to test design in which test activities are planned as uninterrupted sessions of
test analysis and design, often used in conjunction with checklist-based testing Testing based on the tester's experience, knowledge, and intuition.
Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test
techniques?
1. Coverage is measured based on a selected structure of the test object
2. The processing within the test object is checked
3. Tests are based on defects’ likelihood and their distribution
4. Deviations from the requirements are checked
5. User stories are used as the test basis
Using notation for the following 4 options:
Black - Black-box test techniques
White - White-box test techniques
Experience - Experience-based test techniques Black – 4, 5 White – 1, 2; Experience – 3 Black – 3 White – 1, 2; Experience – 4, 5 Black – 4 White – 1, 2; Experience – 3, 5 Black – 1, 3, 5 White – 2; Experience – 4.
A fitness app measures the number of steps that are walked each day and provides feedback to
encourage the user to keep fit.
The feedback for different numbers of steps should be:
Up to 1000 - Couch Potato!
Above 1000, up to 2000 - Lazy Bones!
Above 2000, up to 4000 - Getting There!
Above 4000, up to 6000 - Not Bad!
Above 6000 - Way to Go!
Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the BEST equivalence partition coverage? 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 1000, 2001, 4000, 4001, 6000 123, 2345, 3456, 4567, 5678 666, 999, 2222, 5555, 6666.
A daily radiation recorder for plants produces a sunshine score based on a combination of the
number of hours a plant is exposed to the sun (below 3 hours, 3 to 6 hours or above 6 hours) and
the average intensity of the sunshine (very low, low, medium, high).
Given the following test cases:
What is the minimum number of additional test cases that are needed to ensure full coverage of
ALL VALID INPUT equivalence partitions? 1 2 3 4.
A smart home app measures the average temperature in the house over the previous week and
provides feedback to the occupants on their environmental friendliness based on this temperature.
The feedback for different average temperature ranges (to the nearest °C) should be:
Up to 10°C - Icy Cool!
11°C to 15°C - Chilled Out!
16°C to 19°C - Cool Man!
20°C to 22°C - Too Warm!
Above 22°C - Hot & Sweaty!
Using BVA (only Min- and Max values), which of the following sets of test inputs provides the
highest level of boundary coverage? 0°C, 11°C, 20°C, 22°C, 23°C 9°C, 15°C, 19°C, 23°C, 100°C 10°C, 16°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C 14°C, 15°C, 18°C, 19°C, 21°C, 22°C.
Decision table testing is being performed on a speeding fine system. Two test cases have already
been generated for rules R1 and R4, which are shown below:
Given the following additional test cases:
Which two of the additional test cases would achieve full coverage of the complete decision table
(when combined with the test cases that have already been generated for rules R1 and R4)? DT1, DT2 DT2, DT3 DT2, DT4 DT3, DT4.
Given the following state model of a battery charger software:
Which of the following sequences of transitions provides the highest level of transition coverage for
the model? OFF → WAIT → OFF → WAIT → TRICKLE →
CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE → LOW WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT →
TRICKLE → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE HIGH → CHARGE → LOW → CHARGE → TRICKLE →
WAIT → TRICKLE → WAIT → TRICKLE WAIT → TRICKLE → CHARGE → HIGH → CHARGE →
TRICKLE → WAIT → OFF → WAIT.
Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case? Test cases are created to exercise defined basic, exceptional and error behaviors
performed by the system under test in collaboration with actors Test cases are derived by identifying the components included in the use case and creating
integration tests that exercise the interactions of these components Test cases are generated by analyzing the interactions of the actors with the system to
ensure the user interfaces are easy to use Test cases are derived to exercise each of the decision points in the business process
flows of the use case, to achieve 100% decision coverage of these flows.
Which of the following descriptions of statement coverage is CORRECT? Statement coverage is a measure of the number of lines of source code exercised by tests Statement coverage is a measure of the proportion of executable statements in the source
code exercised by tests Statement coverage is a measure of the percentage of lines of source code (without
comments) exercised by tests Statement coverage is a measure of the number of executable statements in the source
code exercised by tests.
Which of the following descriptions of decision coverage is CORRECT? Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of possible paths through the source
code exercised by tests Decision coverage is a measure of the percentage of business flows through the
component exercised by tests Decision coverage is a measure of the ‘if’ statements in the code that are exercised with
both the true and false outcomes Decision coverage is a measure of the proportion of decision outcomes in the source code
exercised by tests.
Which of the following BEST describes the concept behind error guessing? Error guessing requires you to imagine you are the user of the test object and guess
mistakes the user could make interacting with it Error guessing involves using your personal experience of development and the mistakes
you made as a developer Error guessing involves using your knowledge and experience of defects found in the past
and typical mistakes made by developers Error guessing requires you to rapidly duplicate the development task to identify the sort of
mistakes a developer might make.
Which of the following BEST explains a benefit of independent testing? The use of an independent test team allows project management to assign responsibility for
the quality of the final deliverable to the test team, so ensuring everyone is aware that
quality is the test team’s overall responsibility If a test team external to the organization can be afforded, then there are distinct benefits in
terms of this external team not being so easily swayed by the delivery concerns of project
management and the need to meet strict delivery deadlines An independent test team can work totally separately from the developers, need not be
distracted with changing project requirements, and can restrict communication with the
developers to defect reporting through the defect management system When specifications contain ambiguities and inconsistencies, assumptions are made on
their interpretation, and an independent tester can be useful in questioning those
assumptions and the interpretation made by the developer.
Which of the following tasks is MOST LIKELY to be performed by the test manager? Write test summary reports based on the information gathered during testing Review tests developed by others Prepare and acquire test data Analyze, review, and assess requirements, specifications, and models for testability.
Given the following examples of entry and exit criteria:
1. The original testing budget of $30,000 plus contingency of $7,000 has been spent
2. 96% of planned tests for the drawing package have been executed and the remaining tests
are now out of scope
3. The trading performance test environment has been designed, set-up and verified
4. Current status is no outstanding critical defects and two high-priority ones
5. The autopilot design specifications have been reviewed and reworked
6. The tax rate calculation component has passed unit testing.
Which of the following BEST categorizes them as entry and exit criteria: Entry criteria – 5, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 2, 3, 4 Entry criteria – 2, 3, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 4, 5 Entry criteria – 1, 3; Exit criteria – 2, 4, 5, 6 Entry criteria – 3, 5, 6; Exit criteria – 1, 2, 4.
Given the following priorities and dependencies for these test cases:
Test Case Priority Technical
dependency on:
Which of the following test execution schedules BEST considers the priorities and technical and
logical dependencies? TC1 – TC3 – TC4 – TC6 – TC2 – TC5 TC4 – TC3 – TC1 – TC2 – TC5 – TC6 TC4 – TC1 – TC3 – TC5 – TC6 – TC2 TC4 – TC2 – TC5 – TC1 – TC3 – TC6.
Which of the following statements about test estimation approaches is CORRECT? With the metrics-based approach, the estimate is based on test measures from the project
and so this estimate is only available after the testing starts With the expert-based approach, a group of expert users identified by the client
recommends the necessary testing budget With the expert-based approach, the test managers responsible for the different testing
activities predict the expected testing effort With the metrics-based approach, an average of the testing costs recorded from several
past projects is used as the testing budget.
Which of the following BEST defines risk level? Risk level is calculated by adding together the probabilities of all problem situations and the
financial harm that results from them Risk level is estimated by multiplying the likelihood of a threat to the system by the chance
that the threat will occur and will result in financial damage Risk level is determined by a combination of the probability of an undesirable event and the
expected impact of that event Risk level is the sum of all potential hazards to a system multiplied by the sum of all
potential losses from that system.
Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a PRODUCT risk? The expected security features may not be supported by the system architecture The developers may not have time to fix all the defects found by the test team The test cases may not provide full coverage of the specified requirements The performance test environment may not be ready before the system is due for delivery.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to be an example of product risk analysis CORRECTLY
influencing the testing? The potential impact of security flaws has been identified as being particularly high, so
security testing has been prioritized ahead of some other testing activities Testing has found the quality of the network module to be higher than expected, so
additional testing will be performed in that area The users had problems with the user interface of the previous system, so additional
usability testing is planned for the replacement system The time needed to load web pages is crucial to the success of the new website, so an
expert in performance testing has been employed for this project.
You are performing system testing of a train reservation system. Based on the test cases
performed, you have noticed that the system occasionally reports that no trains are available,
although this should be the case. You have provided the developers with a summary of the defect
and the version of the tested system. They recognize the urgency of the defect and are now
waiting for you to provide further details.
In addition to the information already provided, the following additional information is given:
1. Degree of impact (severity) of the defect
2. Identification of the test object
3. Details of the test environment
4. Urgency/priority to fix
5. Actual results
6. Reference to test case specification
Which of this additional information is most useful to include in the defect report? 1, 2, 6 1, 4, 5, 6 2, 3, 4, 5 3, 5, 6.
Given the following test activities and test tools:
1. Performance measurement and dynamic analysis
2. Test execution and logging
3. Management of testing and testware
4. Test design
A. Code coverage tools
B. Dynamic analysis tools
C. Test data preparation tools
D. Defect management tools
Which of the following BEST matches the activities and tools? 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – D, 4 – A 1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – C, 4 – D 1 – B, 2 – A, 3 – D, 4 – C 1 – A, 2 – B, 3 – D, 4 – C.
Which of the following is MOST likely to be used as a reason for using a pilot project to introduce a
tool into an organization? The need to evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices and
determining what would need to change The need to evaluate the test automation skills and training, mentoring and coaching needs
of the testers who will use the tool The need to evaluate whether the tool provides the required functionality and does not
duplicate existing test tools The need to evaluate the tool vendor in terms of the training and other support they provide.
What is quality? Activities focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled The degree to which a component or system satisfies the stated and implied needs of its
various stakeholders The degree to which a component or system protects information and data so that persons
or other components or systems have the degree of access appropriate to their types and
levels of authorization The total costs incurred on quality activities and issues and often split into prevention costs,
appraisal costs, internal failure costs and external failure costs.
Which of the following is a typical test objective? Preventing defects Repairing defects Comparing actual results to expected results Analyzing the cause of failure.
A phone ringing momentarily distracts a programmer, causing the programmer to improperly
program the logic that checks the upper boundary of an input variable. Later, during system
testing, a tester notices that this input field accepts invalid input values. The improperly coded logic
for the upper boundary check is: The root-cause The failure The error The defect.
A product owner says that your role as a tester on an Agile team is to catch all the bugs before the
end of each iteration. Which of the following is a testing principle that could be used to respond to
this (false) statement? Defect clustering Testing shows the presence of defects Absence of error fallacy Root cause analysis.
Programmers often write and execute unit tests against code which they have written. During this
self-testing activity, which of the following is a tester mindset that programmers should adopt to
perform this unit testing effectively? Good communication skills Code coverage Evaluating code defects Attention to detail.
Consider the following testing activities:
1. Selecting regression tests
2. Evaluating completeness of test execution
3. Identifying which user stories have open defect reports
4. Evaluating whether the number of tests for each requirement is consistent with the level of
product risk
Consider the following ways traceability can help testing:
A. Improve understandability of test status reports to include status of test basis items
B. Make testing auditable
C. Provide information to assess process quality
D. Analyze the impact of changes
Which of the following best matches the testing activity with how traceability can assist that
activity? 1D, 2B, 3C, 4A 1B, 2D, 3A, 4C 1D, 2C, 3A, 4B 1D, 2B, 3A, 4C.
A tester participated in a discussion about proposed database structure. The tester identified a
potential performance problem related to certain common user searches. This possible problem
was explained to the development team. Which of the following is a testing contribution to success
that BEST matches this situation? Enabling required tests to be identified at an early stage Ensuring processes are carried out properly Reducing the risk of fundamental design defects Reducing the risk of untestable functionality.
Which of the following is an example of a task that can be carried out as part of the test process? Analyzing a defect Designing test data Assigning a version to a test item Writing a user story.
You are running a performance test with the objective of finding possible network bottlenecks in
interfaces between components of a system. Which of the following statements describes this test? A functional test during the integration test level A non-functional test during the integration test level A functional test during the component test level A non-functional test during the component test level.
Which of the following statements is true? Impact analysis is useful for confirmation testing during maintenance testing Confirmation testing is useful for regression testing during system design Impact analysis is useful for regression testing during maintenance testing Confirmation testing is useful for impact analysis during maintenance testing.
Consider the following types of defects that a test level might focus on:
a) Defects in separately testable modules or objects
b) Not focused on identifying defects
c) Defects in interfaces and interactions
d) Defects in the whole test object
Which of the following list correctly matches test levels from the Foundation syllabus with the
defect focus options given above? 1 = performance test; 2 = component test; 3 = system test; 4 = acceptance test 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = system test; 4 = integration test 1 = component test; 2 = acceptance test; 3 = integration test; 4 = system test 1 = integration test; 2 = system test; 3 = component test; 4 = acceptance test.
A mass market operating system software product is designed to run on any PC hardware with an
x86-family processor. You are running a set of tests to look for defects related to support of the
various PCs that use such a processor and to build confidence that important PC brands will work.
What type of test are you performing? Performance test Processor test Functional test Portability test.
During an Agile development effort, a product owner discovers a previously unknown regulatory
requirement that applies to most of the user stories within a particular epic. The user stories are
updated to provide for the necessary changes in software behavior. The programmers on the team
are modifying the code appropriately. As a tester on the team, what types of tests will you run? Confirmation tests Regression tests Functional tests Change-related tests.
In a formal review, what is the role name for the participant who runs an inspection meeting? Facilitator Programmer Author Project manager.
You are reading a user story in the product backlog to prepare for a meeting with the product
owner and a developer, noting potential defects as you go. Which of the following statements is
true about this activity? It is not a static test, because static testing involves execution of the test object It is not a static test, because static testing is always performed using a tool It is a static test, because any defects you find could be found cheaper during dynamic
testing It is a static test because static testing does not involve execution of the test object.
During a period of intensive project overtime, a system architecture document is sent to various
project participants, announcing a previously unplanned technical review to occur in one week. No
adjustments are made to the participants’ list of assigned tasks. Based on this information alone,
which of the following is a factor for review success that is MISSING? Appropriate review type Adequate time to prepare Sufficient metrics to evaluate the author Well-managed review meeting.
You are working as a tester on an Agile team and have participated in over two dozen user story
refinement sessions with the product owner and the developers on the team at the start of each
iteration. As the reviews have gotten more effective at detecting defects in user stories and the
product owner more proficient at correcting those defects, you and the team notice that the team’s
velocity, as shown in your burndown charts, has started to increase. Which of the following is a
benefit of static testing that is MOST DIRECTLY related to the team’s increased velocity? Increasing total cost of quality Reducing testing cost Increasing development productivity Reducing total cost of quality.
You are working on a video game development project, using Agile methods. It is based on Greek
mythology and history, and players can play key roles in scenarios such as the battles between the
Greeks and Trojans.
Consider the following user story and its associated acceptance criteria:
As a player,
I want to be able to acquire the Rod of Midas (a new magic object),
so that I can turn objects and other players into gold
AC1: The Rod must work on any object or player, no matter what size, which can be
touched anywhere by the player holding the Rod
AC2: Holding the Rod does not change the player holding it into gold
AC3: Any object or player touched by the Rod transforms completely into gold within
one millisecond
AC4: The Rod appears as shown in Prototype O.W.RoM
AC5: The transformation starts at the point of contact with the Rod and moves at a
rate of one meter per millisecond
You are participating in a checklist-based review session of this user story.
This user story and its associated acceptance criteria contain which of the following typical defects
identified by static testing in this type of work product? Deviation from standards Contradiction Security vulnerability Coverage gaps.
What is decision coverage? The coverage of condition outcomes Decision coverage is a synonym for statement coverage The coverage of executable statements The coverage of decision outcomes.
Prior to an iteration planning session, you are studying a user story and its acceptance criteria,
deriving test conditions and associated test cases from the user story as a way of applying the
principle of early QA and test. What test technique are you applying? White-box Black-box Experience-based Error guessing.
Which of the following is a true statement about exploratory testing? More experienced testers who have tested similar applications and technologies are likely
to do better than less experienced testers at exploratory testing Exploratory testing does not identify any additional tests beyond those that would result
from formal test techniques The time required to complete an exploratory testing session cannot be predicted in
advance Exploratory testing can involve the use of black-box techniques but not white-box
techniques.
You are testing a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts.
You are running a test suite that involves evaluating each screen and each field on each screen against a general list of user interface best practices, derived from a popular book on the topic, that
maximize attractiveness, ease-of-use, and accessibility for such apps. Which of the following
options BEST categorizes the test technique you are using? Specification-based Exploratory Checklist-based Error guessing.
Consider a mobile app that allows customers to access and manage their bank accounts. A user
story has just been added to the set of features that checks customers’ social media accounts and
bank records to give personalized greetings on birthdays and other personal milestones. Which of
the following test techniques could a PROGRAMMER use during a unit test of the code to ensure
that coverage of situations when the greetings ARE supposed to occur and when the greetings
ARE NOT supposed to occur? Statement testing Exploratory testing State transition testing Decision testing.
A batch application has been in production unchanged for over two years. It runs overnight once a
month to produce statements that will be e-mailed to customers. For each customer, the
application goes through every account and lists every transaction on that account in the last
month. It uses a nested-loop structure to process customers (outer loop), each customer’s
accounts (middle loop), and each account’s transactions (inner loop).
One night, the batch application terminates prematurely, failing to e-mail statements to some
customers, when it encounters a customer with one account for which no transactions occurred in
the last month. This is a very unusual situation and has not occurred in the years since this
application was placed in production.
While fixing the defect, a programmer asks you to recommend test techniques that are effective
against this kind of defect. Which of the following test techniques would most likely have been able
to detect the underlying defect? Decision testing Statement testing Checklist-based testing Error guessing.
You are testing an unattended gasoline pump that only accepts credit cards. Once the credit card
is validated, the pump nozzle placed into the tank, and the desired grade selected, the customer
enters the desired amount of fuel in gallons using the keypad. The keypad only allows the entry of
digits. Fuel is sold in tenths (0.1) of a gallon, up to 50.0 gallons.
Which of the following is a minimum set of desired amounts that covers the equivalence partitions
for this input? 0.0, 20.0, 60.0 0.0, 0.1, 50.0 0.0, 0.1, 50.0, 70.0 -0.1, 0.0, 0.1, 49.9, 50.0, 50.1.
You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other
items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other
expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the
smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid
order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the unit’s field is 0.1 units.
Which of the following is a set of input values that cover the boundary values with two-point
boundary values for this field? 0.3, 10.0, 28.0 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 24, 9, 25, 0, 25.1 0.4, 0.5, 25.0 25.1 0.5, 0.6, 24.9, 25.0.
Consider the following decision table for the portion of an online airline reservation system that
allows frequent flyers to redeem points for reward travel:
Condition 1 2 3
Account/password okay N Y Y
Sufficient points - N Y
Action
Show flight history N Y Y
Allow reward travel N N Y
Suppose that there are two equivalence partitions for the condition where “Account/password
okay” is not true, one where the account is invalid and another where the account is valid, but the
password is invalid. Suppose that there is only one equivalence partition corresponding to the
condition where “Account/password okay” is true, where both the account and password are valid.
If you want to design tests to cover the equivalence partitions for “Account/password okay” and
also for this portion of the decision table, what is the minimum number of tests required? 2 3 4 9.
Consider the following state transition diagram for a credit-card only, unattended gasoline pump:
Assume that you want to develop the minimum number of tests to cover each transition in the state
transition diagram. Assume further that each test must start at the beginning state, waiting for
customer, and each test ends when a transition arrives at the beginning state. How many tests do
you need? 4 7 1 Infinite.
You are testing an e-commerce system that sells cooking supplies such as spices, flour, and other
items in bulk. The units in which the items are sold are either grams (for spices and other
expensive items) or kilograms (for flour and other inexpensive items). Regardless of the units, the
smallest valid order amount is 0.5 units (e.g., half a gram of cardamom pods) and the largest valid
order amount is 25.0 units (e.g., 25 kilograms of sugar). The precision of the units’ field is 0.1 units.
Which of the following is a MINIMAL set of input values that cover the equivalence partitions for
this field? 10.0, 28.0 0.4, 0.5, 25.0, 25.1 0.2, 0.9, 29.5 12.3.
You are working as a tester on an online banking system. Availability is considered one of the top
products (quality) risks for the system. You find a reproducible failure that results in customers
losing their connections to the bank Web site when transferring funds between common types of
accounts and being unable to reconnect for between three and five minutes.
Which of the following would be a good summary for a defect report for this failure, one that
captures both the essence of the failure and its impact on stakeholders? Web server logs show error 0x44AB27 when running test 07.005, which is not an expected
error message in /tmp filesystem Developers have introduced major availability defect which will seriously upset our
customers Performance is slow and reliability flaky under load Typical funds-transfer transaction results in termination of customer session, with a delay in
availability when attempting to reconnect.
You are testing a mobile app that allows users to find a nearby restaurant, based on the type of
food they want to eat. Consider the following list of test cases, priorities (smaller number is high
priority), and dependencies, in the following format:
Test case number Test condition covered Priority Logical dependency
01.001 Select type of food 3 none
01.002 Select restaurant 2 01.001
01.003 Get directions 1 01.002
01.004 Call restaurant 1 01.002
Which of the following is a possible test execution schedule that considers both priorities and
dependencies? 01.001, 01.002, 01.003, 01.005, 01.001, 01.002, 01.004, 01.003, 01.003, 01.004, 01.002, 01.001, 01.001, 01.002, 01.004, 01.005,.
Which of the following is a common test metric often used to monitor BOTH test preparation and
test execution? Test case status Defect find/fix rates Test environment preparation Estimated cost to find the next defect.
Which of the following are two factors that can be used to determine the level of risk? Testing and development Dynamic and reactive Statement and decision Likelihood and impact.
You are working as a project manager on an in-house banking software project. To prevent rework
and excessive find/fix/retest cycles, the following process has been put in place for resolving a
defect once it is found in the test lab:
1. The assigned developer finds and fixes the defect, then creates an experimental
build
2. A peer developer reviews, unit tests, and confirmation tests the defect fix on his/her
desktop
3. A tester – usually the one who found the defect – confirmation tests the defect fix in
the development environment
4. Once a day, a new release with all confirmed defect fixes included, is installed in the
test environment
5. The same tester from step 3 confirmation tests the defect fix in the test environment
Nevertheless, a large number of defects which the testers confirmed as fixed in the development
environment (in step 3) are somehow failing confirmation testing in the test environment, with the
resulting rework and cycle time outcomes. You have the highest confidence in your testers and
have ruled out mistakes or omissions in step 3.
Which of the following is the MOST likely part of the process to check next? The activity of developers, who may not be adequately testing in step 2 The activity of testers, who may be confused about what to test in step 5 Configuration management, which may not be maintaining the integrity of the product in
step 4 The activity of developers, who may not be fixing defects properly in step 1.
You are engaged in planning a test effort for a new mobile banking application. As part of
estimation, you first meet with the proposed testers and others on the project. The team is wellcoordinated and has already worked on similar projects. To verify the resulting estimate, you then
refer to some industry averages for testing effort and costs on similar projects, published by a
reputable consultant.
Which statement accurately describes your estimation approach? A simultaneous expert-based and metrics-based approach Primarily an expert-based approach, augmented with a metrics-based approach Primarily a metrics-based approach, augmented with an expert-based approach Primarily planning poker, checked by velocity from burndown charts.
During a project following Agile methods, you find a discrepancy between the developer’s
interpretation of an acceptance criteria and the product owner’s interpretation, which you bring up
during a user story refinement session. Which of the following is a benefit of test independence
exemplified by this situation? Recognizing different kinds of failures Taking primary responsibility for quality Removing a defect early Challenging stakeholder assumptions.
You are defining the process for carrying out product risk analysis as part of each iteration on an
Agile project. Which of the following is the proper place to document this process in a test plan? Scope of testing Approach of testing Metrics of testing Configuration management of the test object.
Consider the following list of undesirable outcomes that could occur on a mobile app development
effort:
A. Incorrect totals on screens
B. Change to acceptance criteria during acceptance testing
C. Users find the soft keyboard too hard to use with your app
D. System responds too slowly to user input during search string entry
E. Testers not allowed to report test results in daily standup meetings
Which of the following properly classifies these outcomes as project and product risks? Product risks: B, E; Project risks: A, C, D Product risks: A, C, D; Project risks: B, E Product risks: A, C, D, E Project risks: B Product risks: A, C Project risks: B, D, E.
You have just completed a pilot project for a regression testing tool. You understand the tool much
better and have tailored your testing process to it. You have standardized an approach to using the
tool and its associated work products. Which of the following is a typical test automation pilot
project goal that remains to be carried out? Learn more details about the tool See how the tool would fit with existing processes and practices Decide on standard ways of using, managing, storing, and maintaining the tool and the test
assets Assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost.
Which of the following tools is most useful for reporting test metrics? Test management tool Static analysis too Coverage tool Model-Based testing tools.
What is the test basis? The point during software development when testing should start The body of knowledge used for test analysis and design The source to determine the actual results from a set of tests The method used to systematically devise test conditions.
When the tester verifies the test basis while designing tests early in the lifecycle, which common test
objective is being achieved? Gaining confidence Finding defects Preventing defects Providing information for decision making.
When following the fundamental test process, when should the test control activity take place? During the planning activities During the implementation and execution activities During the monitoring activities During all the activities.
Which of the following is a correct statement? A developer makes a mistake which causes a defect that may be seen as a failure during
dynamic testing A developer makes an error which results in a failure that may be seen as a fault when the
software is executed A developer has introduced a failure which results in a defect that may be seen as a mistake
during dynamic testing A developer makes a mistake which causes a bug that may be seen as a defect when the
software is executed.
Which of the following is an example of debugging? A tester finds a defect and reports it A tester retests a fix from the developer and finds a regression A developer finds and fixes a defect A developer performs unit testing.
Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing? It is a form of stress testing It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software It is commonly done with test automation It is normally the responsibility of the developer during unit testing.
A new retail product was released to production by your company. Shortly after the release it was
apparent that there were numerous problems with the point of sale application. This resulted in a
number of customer complaints and negative postings on social media encouraging people to take their
business to your competitor. You have investigated the problems and have discovered that the
production point of sale equipment is a later model than the model used in testing. The software
functions correctly on the old version, but fails on the later model.
Given this scenario, what is the root cause and what is the effect? The root cause is the old equipment and the effect is the new equipment The root cause is the customer complaints and the effect is the social media postings The root cause is conducting the testing on the wrong version of the equipment and the effect
is the customer complaints and postings The root cause is the software failing on the later model and the effect is the customer
complaints.
If you need to provide a report showing test case execution coverage of the requirements, what do you
need to track? Traceability between the test cases and the requirements Coverage of the risk items by test case Traceability between the requirements and the risk items Coverage of the requirements by the test cases that have been designed.
Which of the following is most correct regarding the test level at which functional tests may be
executed? Unit and integration Integration and system System and acceptance All levels.
Which of the following is a true statement regarding the V-model lifecycle? Testing involvement starts when the code is complete The test process is integrated with the development process The software is built in increments and each increment has activities for requirements, design,
build and test All activities for development and test are completed sequentially.
What type of testing is normally conducted to verify that a product meets a particular regulatory
requirement? Unit testing Integration testing System testing Acceptance testing.
You have been receiving daily builds from the developers. Even though they are documenting the fixes
they are including in each build, you are finding that the fixes either aren’t in the build or are not
working. What type of testing is best suited for finding these issues? Unit testing System testing Confirmation testing Regression testing.
In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all the open issues? The facilitator The author The scribe The manager.
Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and improving the maintainability of the
code (assuming developers fix what is found)? Peer reviews Static analysis Dynamic testing Unit testing.
For a formal review, at what point in the process are the entry and exit criteria defined? Planning Review initiation Individual review Fixing and reporting.
If the author of the code is leading a code review for other developers and testers, what type of review
is it? An informal development review A walkthrough An inspection An audit.
You are participating in a role-based review session. Your assigned role is that of a senior citizen. The
product is an online banking application that is targeted for use on smart phones. You are currently
reviewing the user interface of the product with a prototype that works on iPhones. Which of the
following is an area that you should review? The speed of response from the banking backend The attractiveness of the application The size and clarity of the instruction text The reliability of the application when the connection is dropped.
Which of the following is an extension of equivalence partitioning? Decision tables Decision testing Boundary value analysis State transition testing.
If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design technique is being used? Black-box White-box Specification-based Behavior-based.
Which of the following is a good reason to use experience-based testing? You can find defects that might be missed by more formal techniques You can test for defects that only experienced users would encounter You can target the developer’s efforts to the areas that users will be more likely to use It is supported by strong tools and can be automated.
If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing are you doing? Specification-based Structure-based Experience-based Reference-based.
If you are testing a module of code, how do you determine the level of decision coverage you have
achieved? By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the total number of
executable statements in the module By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the total number of
decisions in the module By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the total lines of code in
the module By taking the number of decision outcomes you have tested and dividing that by the total
number of decision outcomes in the module.
Which of the following best describes the behaviors defined in a use case that should be covered by
tests? Positive path and negative path Basic, exception and error Normal, error, data, and integration Control flow, data flow and decision paths.
You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved
the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A
If you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum test
coverage? 6 8 10 12.
You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. Based on the score achieved
the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A
If you apply two-value boundary value analysis, how many test cases will you need to achieve minimum
test coverage? 8 10 12 14.
You have been given the following conditions and results from those condition combinations. Given this
information, using the decision table technique, what is the minimum number of test cases you would
need to test these conditions?
Conditions:
Valid cash
Valid credit card
Valid debit card
Valid pin
Bank accepts
Valid Selection
The Trial Version
Item in Stock
Results:
Reject Cash
Reject Card
Error Message
Return Cash
Refund Card
Sell Item 7 13 15 18.
You have been given the following requirement:
A user must log in to the system with a valid username and password. If they fail to enter the correct
combination three times, they will receive an error and will have to wait 10 minutes before trying again.
The test terminates when the user successfully logs in.
How many test cases are needed to provide 100% state transition coverage? 1 2 4 5.
You are testing a thermostat for a heating/air conditioning system. You have been given the following
requirements:
• When the temperature is below 70 degrees, turn on the heating system
• When the temperature is above 75 degrees, turn on the air conditioning system
• When the temperature is between 70 and 75 degrees, inclusive, turn on fan only
Which of the following is the minimum set of test temperature values to achieve 100% two-value
boundary value analysis coverage? 70, 75 65, 72, 80 69, 70, 75, 76 70, 71, 74, 75, 76.
A metric that tracks the number of test cases executed is gathered during which activity in the test
process? Planning Implementation Execution Reporting.
Who is normally responsible for the creation and update of a test plan for a project? The project manager The test manager The tester The product owner.
Which of the following variances should be explained in the Test Summary Report? The variances between the weekly status reports and the test exit criteria The variances between the defects found and the defects fixed The variances between what was planned for testing and what was actually tested The variances between the test cases executed and the total number of test cases.
Which of the following is a project risk? A module that performs incorrect calculations due to a defect in a formula A failed performance test An issue with the interface between the system under test and a peripheral device A problem with the development manager which is resulting in his rejecting all defect reports.
Which of the following is a benefit of test independence? Testers have different biases than developers Testers are isolated from the development team Testers lack information about the test object Testers will accept responsibility for quality.
You are working in a team of testers who are all writing test cases. You have noticed that there is a
significant inconsistency with the length and amount of detail in the different test cases. Where should
the test case guidelines have been documented? The test plan The test approach The test case template The project plan.
Which of the following is an example of a good exit criterion from system testing? All tests should be completed The project budget should be spent All defects should be fixed All severity 1 defects must be resolved.
You have received the following description section in a defect report:
The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For example, the information in
column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot. This report is critical to the users and they will be
unable to do their jobs without this information.
What is the biggest problem with this defect report? The developer won’t know how important the problem is The developer won’t know how to repeat the test The developer won’t be able to see what the tester is saying is wrong The developer won’t know what the tester expected to see.
You have been given the following set of test cases to run. You have been instructed to run them in
order by risk and to accomplish the testing as quickly as possible to provide feedback to the developers
as soon as possible. Given this information, what is the best order in which to run these tests? 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 3 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 1 2, 5, 6, 4, 1, 3 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5.
Why is it important to define usage guidelines for a new tool? Because this is a proven success factor in tool deployment Because this will ensure the licensing restrictions are enforced Because management needs to understand the details of the tool usage Because this will provide the information needed for the cost/benefit analysis.
Which of the following is an example of a tool that supports static testing? A tool that assists with tracking the results of reviews A defect tracking tool A test automation tool A tool that helps design test cases for security testing.
Which of the following is the activity that removes the cause of a failure? Testing Dynamic testing Debugging Reverse engineering.
As a tester, which of the following is a key to effectively communicating and maintaining positive
relationships with developers when there is disagreement over the prioritization of a defect? Escalate the issue to human resources and stress the importance of mutual respect Communicate in a setting with senior management to ensure everyone understands Convince the developer to accept the blame for the mistake Remind them of the common goal of creating quality systems.
Why is software testing sometimes required for legal reasons? It prevents developers from suing testers Contracts may specify testing requirements that must be fulfilled International laws require software testing for exported products Testing across systems must be accompanied by legal documentation.
In what way does root cause analysis contribute to process improvement? Helps to better identify and correct the root cause of defects Outlines how development teams can code faster Specifies the desired root causes to be achieved by other teams Contributes to the justification of future project funding.
Why is it important to avoid the pesticide paradox? Dynamic testing is less reliable in finding bugs Pesticides mixed with static testing can allow bugs to escape detection Tests should not be context dependent Running the same tests over and over will reduce the chance of finding new defects.
Which of the following is the activity that compares the planned test progress to the actual test
progress? Test monitoring Test planning Test closure Test control.
Which of the following is the correct statement? An error causes a failure which results in a defect A defect causes a failure which results in an error A failure is observed as an error and the root cause is the defect An error causes a defect which is observed as a failure.
What type of activity is normally used to find and fix a defect in the code? Regression testing Debugging Dynamic analysis Static analysis.
During which level of testing should non-functional tests be executed? Unit and integration only System testing only Integration, system and acceptance only Unit, integration, system and acceptance only.
When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be required? Retirement testing Regression testing Data migration testing Patch testing.
If impact analysis indicates that the overall system could be significantly affected by system
maintenance activities, why should regression testing be executed after the changes? To ensure the system still functions as expected with no introduced issues To ensure no unauthorized changes have been applied to the system To assess the scope of maintenance performed on the system To identify any maintainability issues with the code.
In an iterative lifecycle model, which of the following is an accurate statement about testing activities? For every development activity, there should be a corresponding testing activity For every testing activity, appropriate documentation should be produced, versioned and stored For every development activity resulting in code, there should be a testing activity to document
test cases For every testing activity, metrics should be recorded and posted to a metrics dashboard for all
stakeholders.
Use cases are a test basis for which level of testing? Unit System Load and performance Usability.
Which of the following techniques is a form of static testing? Error guessing Automated regression testing Providing inputs and examining the resulting outputs Code review.
Which of the following is a benefit of static analysis? Defects can be identified that might not be caught by dynamic testing Early defect identification requires less documentation Early execution of the code provides a gauge of code quality Tools are not needed because reviews are used instead of executing code.
What is the main difference between static and dynamic testing? Static testing is performed by developers; dynamic testing is performed by testers Manual test cases are used for dynamic testing; automated tests are used for static testing Static testing must be executed before dynamic testing Dynamic testing requires executing the software; the software is not executed during static
testing.
If a review session is led by the author of the work product, what type of review is it? Ad hoc Walkthrough Inspection Audit.
You are preparing for a review of a mobile application that will allow users to transfer money between
bank accounts from different banks. Security is a concern with this application and the previous version
of this application had numerous security vulnerabilities (some of which were found by hackers). It is
very important that this doesn’t happen again.
Given this information, what type of review technique would be most appropriate? Ad hoc Role-based Checklist-based Scenario.
Which of the following is an experience-based testing technique? Error guessing Intuitive testing Oracle-based testing Exhaustive testing.
Which of the following test techniques uses the requirements specifications as a test basis? Structure-based Black-box White-box Exploratory.
How is statement coverage determined? Number of test decision points divided by the number of test cases Number of decision outcomes tested divided by the total number of executable statements Number of possible test case outcomes divided by the total number of function points Number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements.
If you have a section of code that has one simple IF statement, how many tests will be needed to
achieve 100% decision coverage? 1 2 5 Unknown with this information.
What is error guessing? A testing technique used to guess where a developer is likely to have made a mistake A technique used for assessing defect metrics A development technique to verify that all error paths have been coded A planning technique used to anticipate likely schedule variances due to faults.
When exploratory testing is conducted using time-boxing and test charters, what is it called? Schedule-based testing Session-based testing Risk-based testing Formal chartering.
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts
distributor. You want to group your test conditions to minimize the testing.
Identify how many equivalence classes are necessary for the following range. Weights are rounded to
the nearest pound.
Weight 1 to 10 lbs. 11 to 25 lbs. 26 to 50 lbs. 51 lbs. and up
Shipping Cost $5.00 $ 7.50 $12.00 $17.00 8 6 5 4.
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts
distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value
analysis as part of your black-box test design.
How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% two-value boundary value analysis?
Weight 0 to 10 lbs. 11 to 25 lbs. 26 to 50 lbs. 51 lbs. to 10
Shipping Cost $5.00 $ 7.50 $12.00 $17.00 4 8 10 12.
Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a
hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.
Start
Select basic burger
If customer adds items
While items to be added
Ask customer which item
Add item
End while
Endif
If customer deletes items
While items to be deleted
Ask customer which item
Delete item
End while
Endif
If customer wants fries
Add fries to order
Endif
Complete order
End Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Conditions
Add items Y Y N N N N
Delete items N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y N N Y Y
Burger –
items
N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y N N N N
Fries N N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger N N N N N N Y Y
Deleted items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N Y N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items N N N N Y Y Y Y
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y Y Y N N N N
Burger – items N N N N Y Y Y Y
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N Y N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y Y Y N N Y Y
Burger – items N N N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N Y N Y N Y N.
You are testing an e-commerce transaction that has the following states and transitions:
1. Login (invalid) > Login
2. Login > Search
3. Search > Search
4. Search > Shopping Cart
5. Shopping Cart > Search
6. Shopping Cart > Checkout
7. Checkout > Search
8. Checkout > Logout
For a state transition diagram, how many transitions should be shown? 4 6 8 16.
You are testing a banking application that allows a customer to withdraw 20, 100 or 500 dollars in a
single transaction. The values are chosen from a drop-down list and no other values may be entered.
How many equivalence partitions need to be tested to achieve 100% equivalence partition coverage? 1 2 3 4.
Level of risk is determined by which of the following? Likelihood and impact Priority and risk rating Probability and practicality Risk identification and mitigation.
Who normally writes the test plan for a project? The project manager The product owner The test manager The tester.
What is the biggest problem with a developer testing his own code? Developers are not good testers Developers are not quality focused Developers are not objective about their own code Developers do not have time to test their own code.
Which of the following is a project risk? A defect that is causing a performance issue A duplicate requirement An issue with a data conversion procedure A schedule that requires work during Christmas shutdown.
If your test strategy is based off the list of the ISO 25010 quality characteristics, what type of strategy is
it? Regulatory Analytical Methodical Reactive.
If the developers are releasing code for testing that is not version controlled, what process is missing? Configuration management Debugging Test and defect management Risk analysis.
You are getting ready to test another upgrade of an ERP system. The previous upgrade was tested by
your team and has been in production for several years. For this situation, which of the following is the
most appropriate test effort estimation technique? Effort-based Expert-based Metric-based Schedule-based.
You have been testing software that will be used to track credit card purchases. You have found a
defect that causes the system to crash, but only if a person has made and voided 10 purchases in a
row. What is the proper priority and severity rating for this defect? Priority high, severity high Priority high, severity low Priority low, severity low Priority low, severity high.
Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system:
Test ID Name Dependency Priority
1 Purchase Item none 2
2 Receive Invoice Test 1 3
3 Receive Goods Test 1 2
4 Send Payment Test 2 3
5 Report Payments Test 4 1
Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases? 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 1, 2, 4, 5, 3 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 3, 4, 5, 1, 2.
Which of the following are major objectives of a pilot project for a tool introduction? Roll out, adapt, train, implement Monitor, support, revise, implement Learn, evaluate, decide, assess Evaluate, adapt, monitor, support.
What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool? It runs automated test scripts to test the test object It automatically records defects in the defect tracking system It analyzes code to determine if there are any coding standard violations It tracks test cases, defects and requirements traceability.
When test cases are designed early in the lifecycle, verifying the test basis
via the test design, which common test objective is being achieved? Gaining confidence Finding defects Preventing defects Providing information for decision making.
When following the fundamental test process, when should the test control
activity take place? During the planning activities During the implementation and execution activities During the monitoring activities During all the activities.
Designing and prioritizing high level test cases occurs during which activity in
the fundamental test process? Test planning Test analysis and design Test implementation and execution Evaluating exit criteria.
Which of the following is the lowest level of independence? Tests are designed by the person who wrote the code Tests are designed by a developer other than the one who wrote the code Tests are designed by an independent test team Tests are designed by an outsourced test team.
Which of the following is a correct statement? A developer makes a mistake which causes a defect that may be seen as
a failure during dynamic testing A developer makes an error which results in a failure that may be seen as
a fault when the software is executed A developer has a failure which results in a defect that may be seen as a
mistake during dynamic testing A developer makes a mistake which causes a bug that may be seen as a
defect when the software is executed.
Which of the following is an example of debugging? A tester finds a defect and reports it A tester retests a fix from the developer and finds a regression A developer finds and fixes a defect A developer performs unit testing.
Which of the following is a true statement about exhaustive testing? It is a form of stress testing It is not feasible except in the case of trivial software It is commonly done with test automation It is normally the responsibility of the developer during unit testing.
When should the testers start reviewing project documents? When they have been baselined and approved After the first revision As soon as a draft is available When the developers have started coding.
Which of the following is most correct regarding when functional tests may be
executed? Unit and integration Integration and system System and acceptance All levels.
Which of the following is most correct regarding when non-functional tests
may be executed? Unit and integration Integration and system System and acceptance All levels.
Which of the following is the correct list of the triggers for maintenance
testing? A component in production is modified, migrated or retired A fix has been received for a product that is in development A regression has been discovered in a set of fixes just received from the
developer A new requirement has been received for the software that is currently
under test that may result in an architectural change.
In a V-model lifecycle, what should testers be doing when the design
documents are available? Preparing unit test code Preparing functional and non-functional test cases Reviewing the high-level requirements documents Preparing system acceptance tests.
Usability testing is an example of which type of testing? Functional Non-functional Structural Change-related.
In a formal review, which role is normally responsible for documenting all
the open issues? The moderator The author The scribe The manager.
Which of the following is a type of issue that is best found in static analysis? An inaccurate formula A memory leak A piece of dead code A problem with the code not matching the requirements.
Which testing technique would be most effective in determining and
improving the maintainability of the code (assuming developers fix what is
found)? Peer reviews Static analysis Dynamic testing Unit testing.
If test cases are derived from looking at the code, what type of test design
technique is being used? Black-box White-box Specification-based Behavior-based.
Which document specifies the inputs and outputs for a test? Test design specification Test case specification Test procedure specification Test plan.
How does a test condition relate to a test case? A test condition defines the test case A test case tests a test condition A test condition is the output from a test case A test case creates test conditions.
Which of the following is a good reason to use experience-based testing? You can find defects that might be missed by more formal techniques You can test for defects that only experienced users would encounter You can target the developer’s efforts to the areas that users will be more
likely to use It is supported by strong tools and can be automated.
If you are using error guessing to target your testing, which type of testing
are you doing? Specification-based Structure-based Experience-based Reference-based.
If you are testing a module of code, how do you determine the level of
decision coverage you have achieved? By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the
total number of executable statements in the module By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the
total number of decisions in the module By taking the number of decisions you have tested and dividing that by the
total lines of code in the module By taking the number of decision outcomes you have tested and dividing
that by the total number of decision outcomes in the module .
You have been tasked with organizing a set of test cases into a test
procedure that will indicate the order in which the test cases will be run. The
order of execution is important because you are trying to test end-to-end
transactions in this e-commerce book sales application, but you must also
consider the priority of the test cases as some are more critical than others.
Given the test cases in this table, what would be the best order for execution to
achieve both goals? (Note: 1 is the highest risk) 4, 6, 1, 3, 2, 5, 7 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7 1, 3, 4, 6, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 .
You have been given the following conditions and results from those
condition combinations. Given this information, using the decision table
technique, what is the minimum number of test cases you would need to test
these conditions?
Conditions:
Valid cash
Valid credit card
Valid debit card
Valid pin
Bank accepts
Valid Selection
Item in Stock
Results:
Reject Cash
Reject Card
Error Message
Return Cash
Refund Card
Sell Item 7 13 15 18 .
You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades.
Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-,
60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A
If you apply equivalence partitioning, how many test cases will you need to
achieve minimum test coverage? 6 8 10 12.
You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades.
Based on the score achieved the grades are as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-,
60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100=A
If you apply boundary value analysis, how many test cases will you need to
achieve minimum test coverage? 8 10 12 14.
Consider the following high level program design and assume you can
provide the values for today, A, B and C:
Start;
Do until B = C
If today = Monday
set A = 1
elseif today = Wednesday
Set A = 2
Set B = C
Endif;
If B < C
B = B + 1
Endif;
Endloop;
End;
Which of the following sets of values will achieve 100% decision coverage with
the least number of test cases (the order of the values is today, A, B, C)? Monday, 1, 3, 3; Monday 3, 2, 4; Wednesday, 1, 2, 3; Tuesday, 5, 4, 3 Monday, 1, 2, 4; Wednesday 1, 2, 4 Monday, 5, 1, 1; Tuesday, 5, 1, 2; Wednesday, 5, 1, 2 Monday, 5, 3, 2; Monday, 5, 1, 1; Monday 5, 2, 3; Tuesday, 4, 4, 3;
Wednesday, 1, 2, 3.
Given the following program fragment:
if day = Monday
then statement a
else
statement b
end if
if day = Tuesday
then statement c
end if
What is the minimum number of test cases needed to achieve 100% statement
coverage? 1 2 3 4.
Which of the following is a task that a test leader would be expected to do? Write a test strategy Set up a test environment Prepare test data Automate tests.
A metric that tracks the number of test cases executed is gathered during
which activity in the test process? Planning Implementation Execution Reporting.
Which of the following is a true statement about test planning? It should be done at the beginning of the project It should be a continuous activity throughout the project It should be started during design and finished before execution It should be used as input for the test strategy.
If you are applying risk-based testing, which type of test approach are you
using? Analytical Methodical Regulatory Model-based.
What is covered in the variances section of the Test Summary Report? The variances between the weekly status reports and the final summary
report The variances between the defects found and the defects fixed The variances between what was planned for testing and what was
actually tested The variances between the test cases executed and the total number of
test cases.
Which of the following is a project risk? A module that performs incorrect calculations due to a defect in a formula A failed performance test An issue with the interface between the system under test and a
peripheral device A problem with the development manager which is resulting in his
rejecting all defect reports.
You have been given the following set of test cases to run. You have been
instructed to run them in order by risk and to accomplish the testing as quickly as
possible to provide feedback to the developers as soon as possible. Given this
information, what is the best order in which to run these tests? 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 3 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 1 2, 5, 6, 4, 1, 3 6, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5.
You have received the following description section in an incident report.
The report executed per the attached steps, but the data was incorrect. For
example, the information in column 1 was wrong. See the attached screenshot.
This report is critical to the users and they will be unable to do their jobs without
this information.
What is the biggest problem with this incident report? The developer won’t know how important the problem is The developer won’t know how to repeat the test The developer won’t be able to see what the tester is saying is wrong The developer doesn’t know what the tester expected to see .
Which of the following is a true statement about test automation scripts that
are captured using a capture/replay tool? The scripts are easy to maintain The scripts are data-driven The scripts may be unstable The scripts are created by experienced automators.
Which of the following is the purpose of a proof-of-concept for a new tool? To verify that the licensing cost is affordable To verify that the tool will work effectively within the current infrastructure To verify that the vendor will provide adequate support To verify that the return on investment will be sufficient.
Why is it important to define usage guidelines for a new tool? Because this is a proven success factor in tool deployment Because this will ensure the licensing restrictions are enforced Because management needs to understand the details of the tool usage Because this will provide the information needed for the cost/benefit
analysis.
If a test tool is causing a probe effect, what does this mean? The outcome of the test may be influenced by the use of the tool The tool is used to continuously probe the software for defects The tool is used primarily to assist with exploratory testing The tester will require special training to be able to effectively use the tool.
Which of the following statements BEST describes one of the seven key principles of software testing? Automated tests avoid exhaustive testing better than manual tests. With sufficient effort and tool support, exhaustivetesting is feasible for all software. It is normally impossible to test all input/output combinations for a software system. The purpose of testing is to demonstrate the absence of defects.
Which of the following statements is the MOST validgoal for a test team? To determine whether enough component tests were executed within system testing. To detect as many failures as possible so that defects can be identified and corrected. To prove that all defects are identified. To prove that any remaining defect will not cause any failures.
Which of these tasks would you expect to be performed during the Test Analysis and Design phase of
the Fundamental Test Process? Defining test objectives Reviewing the test basis Creating test suites from test procedures Analyzing lessons learned for process improvement.
Below is a list of problems that can be observed during testing or in production. Which of these
problems is a failure? The product crashed when the user selected an option in a dialog box. One source code file included in the build has the wrong version. The computation algorithm used wrong input variables. The developer misinterpreted the requirement for the algorithm. .
Which of the following attitudes, qualifications oractions would lead to problems (or conflict) within mixed
teams of testers and developers, when observed in reviews and tests? Testers and developers are curious and focused on finding defects. Testers and developers are sufficiently qualified to find failures and defects. Testers and developers communicate defects as criticism of people, not as criticism of the
software product. Testers expect that there might be defects in the software product which the developers have not
found and fixed. .
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
A. Software testing may be required to meet legal or contractual requirements.
B. Software testing is mainly needed to improve thequality of the product released by the
developers.
C. Rigorous testing and fixing of found defects could help reduce the risk of problems occurring
in an operational environment.
D. Rigorous testing is sometimes used to prove thatall failures have been found. A, B and C are true; D is false A is true; B, C, and D are false A and C are true; B and D are false C and D are true; A and B are false .
Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between testing and debugging? Testing identifies the source of defects; debugginganalyzes the faults and proposes prevention
activities. Dynamic testing shows failures caused by defects; debugging finds, analyzes, and removes the
causes of failures in the software Testing removes faults; debugging identifies the causes of failures. Dynamic testing prevents the causes of failures; debugging removes the failures. .
Which of the following statements BEST describes non-functional testing? Non-functional testing is the process of testing anintegrated system to verify that it meets
specified requirements. Non-functional testing is the process of testing todetermine system compliance with coding
standards Non-functional testing is testing without referenceto the internal structure of a system Non-functional testing is testing system attributes, such as usability, reliability, or maintainability.
When working with software development models, whatis it important to do? If needed, adapt the models to project and product characteristics. Choose the waterfall model, because it is the most proven model. Start with the V-model, and then move to either theiterative or the incremental model. Change the organization to fit the model, not vice versa. .
Which of the following is a characteristic of good testing and applies to any software development life
cycle model? Acceptance testing is always the final test level to be applied. All test levels are planned and completed for each developed feature. Testers are involved as soon as the first piece of code can be executed. For every development activity there is a corresponding testing activity. .
Which of the following is an example of maintenancetesting? To test corrected defects during development of a new system. To test enhancements to an existing operational system To handle complaints about system quality during user acceptance testing To integrate functions during the development of a new system.
Which of the following statements are TRUE?
A. Regression testing and re-testing are the same.
B. Regression tests show if all failures have been resolved.
C. Regression tests are good candidates for test automation.
D. Regression tests are performed to uncover defects as a result of changes in the program.
E. Regression tests should not be performed during integration testing. A and B are true A, C and E are true C and D are true B, D, and E are true .
Which of the following statements comparing component testing and system testing is TRUE? Component testing verifies the functionality of software modules, program objects, and classes
that are separately testable, whereas system testing verifies interfaces between components and
interactions between different parts of the system. Test cases for component testing are usually derived from component specifications, design
specifications, or data models, whereas test cases for system testing are usually derived from
requirement specifications, functional specifications, or use cases Component testing only focuses on functional characteristics, whereas system testing focuses on
functional and non-functional characteristics Component testing is the responsibility of the testers, whereas system testing typically is the
responsibility of the users of the system.
Which of the following describes the main phases ofa formal review? Initiation, status, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, follow up Planning, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow up Planning, kick off, individual preparation, review meeting, rework, follow up Individual preparation, review meeting, rework, closure, follow up, root cause analysis .
Which of the review types below is the BEST option to choose for reviewing safety critical components in
a software project? Informal Review Peer Review Inspection Walkthrough .
Which of the following statements about tool-supported static analysis is FALSE? Tool-supported static analysis can be used as a preventive measure with appropriate processes
in place. Tool-supported static analysis can find defects that are not easily found by dynamic testing. Tool-supported static analysis can result in cost savings by finding defects early. Tool-supported static analysis is a good way to force failures into the software. .
One of the test goals for your project is to have 100% decision coverage. The following three tests have
been executed for the control flow graph shown below.
Test A covers path: A, B, D, E, G
Test B covers path: A, B, D, E, F, G
Test C covers path: A, C, F, C, F, C, F, G
Which of the following statements related to the decision coverage goal is TRUE? Decision D has not been tested completely. 100% decision coverage has been achieved. Decision E has not been tested completely. Decision F has not been tested completely. .
A defect was found during testing:
While receiving customer data from a server the system crashed. The defect was fixed by correcting
the code that checked the network availability during data transfer. The existing test cases covered
100% of all statements of the corresponding module.To verify the fix and to ensure more extensive
coverage, some new tests were designed and added tothe test suite and executed.
What types of testing are described above?
A. Functional testing
B. Structural testing
C. Re-testing
D. Performance testing A and B, but not C and D A and C, but not B and D A, B, and C, but not D B, C, and D, but not A .
Which of the following statements about the given state transition diagram and table of test cases is
TRUE? The given test cases can be used to derive both valid and invalid transitions in the state transition
diagram The given test cases represent all possible valid transitions in the state transition diagram. The given test cases represent only some of the valid transitions in the state transition diagram The given test cases represent sequential pairs of transitions in the state transition diagram. .
Which of the following statements for the equivalence partitioning test technique are TRUE?
Equivalence partition testing …
A. divides possible inputs into classes where all elements are expected to cause the same
behavior.
B. uses both valid and invalid partitions.
C. must include at least two values from every equivalence partition.
D. can be used only for testing equivalence partition inputs from a Graphical User Interface. A, B, and D are true; C is false A is true; B, C and D are false B and C are true; A and D are false A and B are true; C and D are false .
Which of the following options lists techniques categorized as Black Box design techniques? Equivalence Partitioning, Decision Table testing, State Transition testing, and Boundary Value
analysis Equivalence Partitioning, Decision Table testing, Statement coverage, Use Case Based testing Equivalence Partitioning, Decision Coverage testing, Use Case Based testing Equivalence Partitioning, Decision Coverage testing, Boundary Value analysis .
An employee’s bonus is to be calculated. It cannot be negative, but it can be calculated down to zero.
The bonus is based on the length of employment. Thecategories are: less than or equal to 2 years,
more than 2 years but less than 5 years, 5 or more years, but less than10 years, 10 years or longer.
Depending on the length of employment, an employee will get different levels of bonus.
How many valid equivalence partitions are needed totest the calculation of the bonus? 3 5 2 4.
Which of the following statements about the benefits of deriving test cases from use cases are true
and which are false?
A. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for system and acceptance testing.
B. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful only for automated testing.
C. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for component testing.
D. Deriving test cases from use cases is helpful for integration testing. A and D are true; B and C are false A is true; B, C, and D are false B and D are true; A and C are false A, C, and D are true; B is false .
Which of the options below would be the BEST basis for testing using fault attacks? Experience, defect and failure data; knowledge about software failures Risk identification performed at the beginning of the project Use Cases derived from business flows by domain experts Expected results from comparison with an existing system .
You are working on a project that has poor specifications and time pressure.
Which of the following test techniques would be thebest test approach to use? Use Case Testing Statement Testing Exploratory Testing Decision Testing .
Which of the following test techniques is a white-box technique? Decision Testing Boundary Value Analysis Equivalence Partitioning State Transition Testing .
You have started specification-based software testing. The system under test calculates the greatest
common divisor (GCD) of two integers (A and B) greater than zero. [K3]
calcGCD (A, B);
The following test inputs have been specified.
Where INT_MAX is the largest Integer.
Which test technique has been applied in order to determine test cases 1 through 6? Boundary Value Analysis State Transition Testing Use Case Testing Decision Table Testing.
A company's employees are paid bonuses if they workmore than a year in the company and achieve
individually agreed targets.
The following decision table has been designed to test the system:
Which test cases could be eliminated in the above decision table because the test case wouldn’t
occur in a real situation? T1 and T2 T3 and T4 T7 and T8 T5 and T6 .
Which of the following BEST describes how tasks aredivided between the test manager and the tester? The test manager plans testing activities and chooses the standards to be followed, while the
tester chooses the tools and controls to be used. The test manager plans, organizes, and controls thetesting activities, while the tester specifies
and executes tests The test manager plans, monitors, and controls the testing activities, while the tester designs tests
and decides about the approval of the test object. The test manager plans and organizes the testing, and specifies the test cases, while the tester
prioritizes and executes the tests.
Which of the following can be categorized as a product risk? Low quality of requirements, design, code and tests Political problems, and delays in especially complex areas in the product. Error-prone areas, potential harm to the user, poorproduct characteristics. Problems in defining the right requirements, potential failure areas in the software or system. .
Which of the following are typical exit criteria from testing? Test coverage measures, reliability measures, test cost, schedule, state of defect correction and
residual risks Test coverage measures, reliability measures, degree of tester independence, and product
completeness Test coverage measures, reliability measures, test cost, availability of testable code, time to
market, and product completeness Time to market, residual defects, tester qualification, degree of tester independence, test
coverage measures and test cost .
As a Test Manager, you have the following requirements to test:
R1 – Process Anomalies
R2 – Synchronization
R3 – Confirmation
R4 – Issues
R5 – Financial Data
R6 – Diagram Data
R7 – Changes to the User Profile
The notation to indicate any Requirement’s logical dependencies is, for example, “R1 -> R3” meaning
that R3 is dependent on R1.
Which of the following options structures the test execution schedule according to the requirement
dependencies? R3 -> R2 -> R1 -> R7 -> R5 -> R6 -> R4
R2 -> R5 -> R6 -> R4 -> R7 -> R1 -> R3
R1 -> R3 -> R2 -> R5 -> R6 -> R4 -> R7
R1 -> R2 -> R5 -> R6 -> R3 -> R4-> R7 .
Which of the following is a possible benefit of independent testing? More work gets done because testers do not disturb the developers all the time. Independent testers tend to be unbiased and find different defects than the developers Independent testers do not need extra education andtraining. Independent testers reduce the bottleneck in the incident management process. .
Which of the following is a project risk? Skill and staff shortages Poor software characteristics (e.g. usability) Failure-prone software delivered Possible reliability defect (bug) .
As a test manager, you are asked for a test summaryreport. Concerning test activities, and according
to the IEEE 829 Standard, what should be the MOST important information to include in your report? The number of test cases executed and their results. An overview of the major testing activities, eventsand the status with respect to meeting goals Overall evaluation of each development work item Training taken by members of the test team to support the test effort .
You are a tester in a safety-critical software development project. During execution of a test, you find ou
that one of your test cases failed, causing you to write an incident report.
According to the IEEE Std. 829, what should you consider to be the MOST important information to
include in your incident report? Impact, incident description, date and your name Unique ID for the report, special requirements needed and the person who caused the defect Transmitted items, your name and your feelings about the possible root cause of the defect Incident description, development environment and expected results of testing .
From the list below, which are the recommended principles for introducing a test tool to an
organization?
1. Roll out the tool to the entire organization at the same time
2. Start with a pilot project
3. Adapt and improve processes to fit the use of the tool
4. Provide training and coaching for new users
5. Let each team decide their own way of using the tool
6. Monitor that costs do not exceed initial acquisition cost
7. Gather lessons learned from all teams
Select ONE option. 1, 3, 4, 5 2, 5, 6 2, 3, 4, 7 1, 6, 7 .
Which of the following BEST describes a characteristic of a keyword-driven test execution tool? A table with test input data, action words, and expected results controls execution of the system
under test Actions of testers are automated using a script that is rerun several times. Actions of testers are automated using a script that is run with several sets of test input data. The ability to log test results, and compare them against the expected results stored in a text file .
Which of the following is NOT a goal of a pilot project for tool evaluation? To evaluate how the tool fits with existing processes and practices To determine use, management, storage, and maintenance of the tool and testware To assess whether the benefits will be achieved at reasonable cost To reduce the defect rate in the pilot project .
A software development and test organization would like to achieve the test efficiency improvement goals
listed below.
Which would best be supported by a test management tool? Enable traceability between requirements, tests, and defects (bugs) Optimize the ability of tests to identify failures Resolve defects faster Automate a selection of test cases for execution .
Deciding How much testing is enough should take into account :-i. Level of Risk including Technical and Business product and project risk
ii. Project constraints such as time and budget
iii. Size of Testing Team
iv. Size of the Development Team i,ii,iii are true and iv is false i,,iv are true and ii is false i,ii are true and iii,iv are false ii,iii,iv are true and i is false.
Test planning has which of the following major tasks?
i. Determining the scope and risks, and identifying the objectives of testing.
ii. Determining the test approach (techniques,test items, coverage, identifying and interfacing the teams
involved in testing , testware)
iii. Reviewing the Test Basis (such as requirements,architecture,design,interface)
iv. Determining the exit criteria i,ii,iv are true and iii is false i,,iv are true and ii is false i,ii are true and iii,iv are false ii,iii,iv are true and i is false .
Evaluating testability of the requirements and system are a part of which phase:- Test Analysis and Design Test Planning and control Test Implementation and execution Evaluating exit criteria and reporting .
One of the fields on a form contains a text box which accepts alphabets in lower or upper case.
Indentify the invalid Equivalance class value CLASS cLASS CLass CLa01ss.
In a system designed to work out the tax to be paid:
An employee has £4000 of salary tax free. The next £1500 is taxed at 10% The next £28000 is
taxed at 22% Any further amount is taxed at 40% Which of these groups of numbers would fall
into the same equivalence class? £4800; £14000; £28000 £5200; £5500; £28000 £28001; £32000; £35000 £5800; £28000; £32000.
Which of the following has highest level of independence in which test cases are Designed by persons who write the software under test Designed by a person from a different section Designed by a person from a different organization Designed by another person .
We use the output of the requirement analysis, the requirement specification as the input for
writing : User Acceptance Test Cases Integration Level Test Cases Unit Level Test Cases Program specifications.
Validation involves which of the following
i. Helps to check the Quality of the Built Product
ii. Helps to check that we have built the right product.
iii. Helps in developing the product
iv. Monitoring tool wastage and obsoleteness Options i,ii,iii,iv are true. ii is true and i,iii,iv are false i,ii,iii are true and iv is false iii is true and i,ii,iv are false.
Which of the following uses Impact Analysis most? Component testing Non-functional system testing Non-functional system testing Maintenance testing.
What is the expected result for each of the following test cases?
A. Citibank card member, holding a Silver room
B. Non Citibank-member, holding a Platinum room A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B – Don’t offer any upgrade A – Don’t offer any upgrade, B –Offer upgrade to Gold A –Offer upgrade to Silver, B –Offer upgrade to Silver A –Offer upgrade to Gold, B – Don’t offer any upgrade.
Repeated Testing of an already tested program, after modification, to discover any defects
introduced or uncovered as a result of the changes in the software being tested or in another
related or unrelated software component Re Testing Confirmation Testing Regression Testing Negative Testing.
Impact Analysis helps to decide How much regression testing should be done. Exit Criteria How many more test cases need to written Different Tools to perform Regression Testing.
Functional system testing is: testing that the system functions with other systems testing that the system functions with other systems testing the end to end functionality of the system as a whole testing the system performs functions within specified response times.
Consider the above state transition diagram of a switch.
Which of the following represents an invalid state transition? OFF to ON ON to OFF FAULT to ON.
Peer Reviews are also called as Inspection Walkthrough Technical Review Formal Review.
Consider the following statements:
i. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
ii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% statement coverage.
iii. 100% branch coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage.
iv. 100% decision coverage guarantees 100% branch coverage.
v. 100% statement coverage guarantees 100% decision coverage ii is True; i, iii, iv & v are False i & v are True; ii, iii & iv are False ii & iii are True; i, iv & v are False ii, iii & iv are True; i & v are False.
The Kick Off phase of a formal review includes the following Explaining the objective Fixing defects found typically done by author Follow up Individual Meeting preparations .
Match every stage of the software Development Life cycle with the Testing Life cycle:i. Hi-level
design a Unit tests
ii. Code b Acceptance tests
iii. Low-level design c System tests
iv. Business requirements d Integration tests i-d , ii-a , iii-c , iv-b i-c , ii-d , iii-a , iv-b i-b , ii-a , iii-d , iv-c i-c , ii-a , iii-d , iv-b .
Which of the following is not phase of the Fundamental Test Process? Test Planning and
Control Test implementation and Execution Requirement Analysis Evaluating Exit criteria and reporting.
Which of the following techniques is NOT a black box technique? State transition testing LCSAJ (Linear Code Sequence and Jump) syntax testing boundary value analysis.
Success Factors for a review include :
i. Each Review does not have a predefined objective
ii. Defects found are welcomed and expressed objectively
iii. Management supports a good review process.
iv. There is an emphasis on learning and process improvement ii,iii,iv are correct and i is incorrect iii , i , iv is correct and ii is incorrect i , iii , iv , ii is in correct ii is correct .
Defects discovered by static analysis tools include :
i. Variables that are never used.
ii. Security vulnerabilities.
iii. Programming Standard Violations
iv. Uncalled functions and procedures i , ii,iii,iv is correct iii ,is correct I,ii,iv are incorrect i ,ii, iii and iv are incorrect iv, ii is correct.
Test Conditions are derived from Specifications Test Cases Test Data Test Design.
Which of the following is true about White and Black Box Testing Technique Equivalance partitioning, Decision Table and Control flow are White box Testing Techniques Equivalence partitioning , Boundary Value Analysis , Data Flow are Black Box Testing Techniques Equivalence partitioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing are black box Testing Techniques Equivalence Partioning , State Transition , Use Case Testing and Decision Table are White Box Testing
Techniques.
Regression testing should be performed:
i. every week
ii. after the software has changed
iii. as often as possible
iv. when the environment has changed
v. when the project manager says i & ii are true, iii, iv & v are false ii, iii & iv are true, i & v are false ii & iv are true, i, iii & v are false ii is true, i, iii, iv & v are false .
Benefits of Independent Testing Independent testers are much more qualified than Developers Independent testers see other and different defects and are unbiased Independent Testers cannot identify defects Independent Testers can test better than developers.
Minimum Tests Required for Statement Coverage and Branch Coverage :-Read P
Read Q
If p+q > 100 then
Print “Large”
End if
If p > 50 then
Print “pLarge”
End if
a) Stat Statement coverage is 2, Branch Coverage is 2 Statement coverage is 3 and branch coverage is 2 Statement coverage is 1 and branch coverage is 2 Statement Coverage is 4 and Branch coverage is 2.
Minimum Test Required for Statement Coverage :-Disc = 0
Order-qty = 0
Read Order-qty
If Order-qty >=20 then
Disc = 0.05
If Order-qty >=100 then
Disc =0.1
End if
End if Statement coverage is 4 Statement coverage is 1 Statement coverage is 3 Statement Coverage is 2.
The structure of an incident report is covered in the Standard for Software Test
Documentation IEEE 829 and is called as Anomaly Report Defect Report Test Defect Report Test Incident Report .
Which of the following is the task of a Test Lead / Leader.
i. Interaction with the Test Tool Vendor to identify best ways to leverage test tool on the project.
ii. Write Test Summary Reports based on the information gathered during testing
iii. Decide what should be automated , to what degree and how.
iv. Create the Test Specifications i, ii, iii is true and iv is false ii,iii,iv is true and i is false i is true and ii,iii,iv are false iii and iv is correct and i and ii are incorrect.
Features of White Box Testing Technique :-i. We use explicit knowledge of the internal workings of
theitem being tested to select the test data.
ii. Uses specific knowledge of programming code to examine outputs and assumes that the tester knows the
path of logic in a unit or a program.
iii. Checking for the performance of the application
iv. Also checks for functionality i, ii are true and iii and iv are false iii is true and i,ii, iv are false ii ,iii is true and i,iv is false iii and iv are true and i,ii are false .
Which of the following is a part of Test Closure Activities?i. Checking which planned deliverables
have been delivered
ii. Defect report analysis.
iii. Finalizing and archiving testware.
iv. Analyzing lessons. i , ii , iv are true and iii is false i , ii , iii are true and iv is false i , iii , iv are true and ii is false All of above are true.
Which of the following will be the best definition for Testing The goal / purpose of testing is
to demonstrate that the program works The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program is defect free The purpose of testing is to demonstrate that the program does what it is supposed to do. Testing is executing Software for the purpose of finding defects.
Which of the following is not a type of incremental testing approach? Top down Big-bang Bottom up Functional incrementation.
Drivers are also known as:
i. Spade
ii. Test harness
iii. Scaffoldinga) i , ii are true and iii is false i , iii are true and ii is false ii , iii are true and i is false All of the above are true.
Exit Criteria may consist of :-i. Thoroughness measures , such as coverage of code, functionality or
risk
ii. Estimates of Defect density or reliability measures.
iii. Residual risk such as defects not fixed or lack of test coverage in certain areas
iv. Verifying the Test Environment. iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect. i,ii,iii is correct and iv is incorrect ii is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect iii and iv are correct and i,ii are incorrect.
Which of the following helps in monitoring the Test Progress:-i. Percentage of Test Case
Execution
ii. Percentage of work done in test environment preparation.
iii. Defect Information e.g. defect density, defects found and fixed
iv. The size of the testing Team and skills of the engineers iv is correct and i,ii,iii are incorrect i,ii,iii are correct and iv is incorrect i,ii are correct and iii,iv are incorrect i,iv are correct and ii , iii are incorrect .
The selection of a test approach should consider the context :-i. Risk of Failure of the Project,
hazards to the product and risks of product failure to humans
ii. Skills and experience of the people in the proposed technique, tools and methods
iii. The objective of the testing endeavor and the mission of the testing team.
iv. The size of the testing Team i,ii,iii,iv are true i,ii,iii are true and iv is false ii,iii,iv are true and i is false. i,iv are true and ii, iii are false.
In case of Large Systems Only few tests should be run Testing should be on the basis of Risk Only Good Test Cases should be executed Test Cases written by good test engineers should be executed.
The Provision and Management of a controlled library containing all the configurations items
is called as Configuration Control Status Accounting Configuration Identification Configuration Identification .
Recall the activity that removes the cause of a failure. Testing Dynamic testing Debugging Reverse engineering.
What is the activity of comparing the planned test progress to the actual test progress? Test control Test planning Test closure Control cycling.
As a tester, which of the following is a key to effectively communicate and maintain positive
relationships with developers when there is disagreement over the prioritization of a defect? Escalate the issue to human resources and stress the importance of mutual respect Communicate in a setting with senior management to ensure everyone understands Convince the developer to accept the blame for the mistake Remind them of the common goal of creating quality systems.
Which of the following is an important objective of the testing activities in the software development
lifecycle? Exhaustive testing Providing decision-making information Clustering defects Debugging.
Why is software testing sometimes required for legal reasons? It prevents developers from suing testers Contracts may specify testing requirements that must be fulfilled International laws require software testing for exported products Testing across systems must be accompanied by legal documentation.
In what way does root cause analysis contribute to process improvement? Helps to better identify and correct the root cause of defects Outlines how development teams can code faster Specifies the desired root causes to be achieved by other teams Contributes to the justification of future project funding.
Why is it important to avoid the pesticide paradox? Dynamic testing is less reliable in finding bugs Pesticides mixed with static testing can allow bugs to escape detection Tests should not be context dependent Running the same tests over and over will reduce the chance of finding new defects.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-managed test level? It has a target duration of one month It has a corresponding test objective It does not overlap with another test level It applies a single test design technique.
Non-functional testing may be performed at which test level(s)? Unit, integration, system and acceptance Unit and integration Load and performance Unit, integration, and system.
When a system is targeted for decommissioning, what type of maintenance testing may be
required? Retirement testing Regression testing Data migration testing Patch testing.
Which test activity should occur early in the software development lifecycle? Test readiness review Defect prioritization Acceptance testing Documentation reviews.
Which test activity is most appropriate when a minor modification has been applied to an existing
system or program? Apply patches to the system to ensure it is up to date Perform a regression test to uncover defects that may be a result of the modification Execute non-functional testing to ensure system reliability Perform a backward-compatibility test with the old system as a contingency.
What is the purpose of performing regression testing when system maintenance activities have
occurred? To ensure the overall system has not regressed To ensure no unauthorized changes have been applied to the system To assess the scope of maintenance performed on the system To identify any maintainability issues with the code.
Which of the following techniques is a form of static analysis? Error guessing Manual regression testing Providing inputs and examining the resulting outputs Manual examination of documentation.
What is the primary purpose of conducting static analysis? To determine usability To reduce scope expansion To detect defects early To eliminate reliance on compliers.
Which of the following is a benefit from static analysis? Defects can be identified in documentation that might not be caught by dynamic testing Early defect identification requires less documentation Early execution of the code provides a gauge of code quality Tools are not needed because reviews are used instead of executing code.
If your goal is to achieve 100% decision coverage, what testing technique are you using? Behavior-based Structure-based Experience-based Defect-based.
Which of the following test techniques uses the requirements specifications as the test basis? Structure-based Black-box White-box Exploratory.
Which of the following is an experience-based testing technique? Error guessing Intuition testing Acceptance testing Exhaustive testing.
Which of the following is considered a less formal test technique typically used in conjunction with
other, more formal techniques? Structure-based Static analysis Experience-based Risk-based.
Which of the following is a correct statement? A test condition tests a test procedure by following a test case A test case tests a test condition by following a test procedure A test procedure tests a test case by following a test condition A test condition, a test case and a test procedure are all the same.
How is statement coverage determined? Number of test decision points divided by the number of test cases Number of decision outcomes tested divided by the total number of decision outcomes Number of possible test case outcomes divided by the total number of function points Number of executable statements tested divided by the total number of executable statements.
Which of the following is the correct decision table for the following pseudocode for ordering a
hamburger? Note: if you add or delete items from the basic burger, you no longer get the basic burger.
Start
Select basic burger
If customer adds items
While items to be added
Ask customer which item
Add item
End while
Endif
If customer deletes items
While items to be deleted
Ask customer which item
Delete item
End while
Endif
If customer wants fries
Add fries to order
Endif
Complete order
End Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6
Conditions
Add items Y Y N N N N
Delete items N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y N N Y Y
Burger – items N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y N N N N
Fries N N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger N N N N N N Y Y
Deleted items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N N N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items N N N N Y Y Y Y
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y Y Y N N N N
Burger –items N N N N Y Y Y Y
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N N N Y N Y N Test # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Conditions
Add items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Delete items Y Y N N Y Y N N
Add fries Y N Y N Y N Y N
Results
Basic burger Y Y Y Y N N Y Y
Burger – items N N N N Y Y N N
Added items Y Y Y Y N N N N
Fries Y N N N Y N Y N.
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts
distributor. You want to group your test conditions to minimize the testing.
Identify how many equivalence classes are necessary for the following range. Weights are rounded to
the nearest pound 8 6 5 4.
Consider the following control flow chart
You have run one test case:
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
What percentage of statement coverage have you achieved? 50% 80% 90% 100%.
You are testing a scale system that determines shipping rates for a regional web-based auto parts
distributor. Due to regulations, shipments cannot exceed 100 lbs. You want to include boundary value
analysis as part of your black-box test design.
How many tests will you need to execute to achieve 100% boundary value analysis? 4 8 10 12.
Consider the following control flow chart
You have run one test case:
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10
What percentage of decision coverage have you achieved? 50% 80% 90% 100%.
Evaluate the following control flow diagram and determine the statement coverage and decision
coverage resulting from the execution of the following test cases
A-B-D-E-F
A-B-C 33% statement, 100% decision 50% statement, 50% decision 100% statement, 75% decision 100% statement, 100% decision.
Level of risk is determined by which of the following? Likelihood and impac Priority and risk rating Probability and practicality Risk identification and mitigation.
Which of the following is a project risk? A defect that is causing a performance issue A duplicate requirement An issue with a data conversion procedure A schedule that requires work during Christmas shutdown.
What is the biggest problem with a developer testing his own code? Developers are not good testers Developers are not quality focused Developers are not objective about their own code Developers do not have time to test their own code.
Which of the following is a drawback with having independent testing done by independent
testers? The testers may be seen as bottlenecks in the release process The developers will have to do most of the testing anyway The testers will provide a quality-focused perspective The developers will have to spend significant time training the testers.
Which of the IEEE 829 documents may refine the test approach? The test plan The test design specification The test procedure specification The test case specification.
What is the purpose of tracking defect density? To determine the number of high priority defects To determine the trend in high severity defects To determine the areas that have the higher numbers of defects To predict when the open defects found and the defects fixed numbers will converge.
Consider the following test cases that are used to test an accounting system
Given this information, what is the proper order in which to execute these test cases? 5, 1, 3, 2, 4 1, 2, 4, 3, 5 1, 3, 2, 4, 5 3, 4, 5, 1, 2.
You have been testing software that will be used to track credit card purchases. You have found a
defect that causes the system to crash, but only if a person has made and voided 10 purchases in a row.
What would be the proper priority and severity rating for this defect? Priority high, severity high Priority high, severity low Priority low, severity low Priority low, severity high.
What is the primary purpose of a test execution tool? It executes test objects using automated test scripts It automatically records defects to the defect tracking system It analyzes code to determine if there are any coding standard violations It tracks test cases, defects and requirements traceability.
Which of the following are the major objectives of a pilot project for a tool introduction? Roll out, adapt, train, implement Monitor, support, revise, implement Learn, evaluate, decide, assess Evaluate, adapt, monitor, support.
What is the main goal of a proof of concept for a new tool? To see if people find it usable To see if it works with the organization’s infrastructure To see if management is happy with the licensing structure To see if the vendor will supply adequate support.
If you are looking for a tool that will verify if the code complies with coding standards, what type of
tool are you seeking? Test management Test automation Static analysis Keyword-driven.
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