LEARNING SEXTOO

A student freezes in class when asked to speak English, though she can answer correctly in writing. Which factor is most likely affecting her?. a. Insufficient vocabulary knowledge. b. Lack of competence. c. Performance anxiety. d. Negative fossilization.

A teacher notices her students understand spoken English well but hesitate to speak. Which explanation fits Krashen’s view?. a. They lack intrinsic motivation. b. Their monitor is perfectly balanced. c. They are in a silent period processing input. d. Their competence is fully fossilized.

Which scenario best illustrates Halliday’s regulatory function of language?. a. A child commands, “Close the window now.”. b. A learner says, “I am nervous about my exam.”. c. A student says, “I need water.”. d. Two friends say, “We will study together.”.

Why can fossilization be a challenge for adult language learners?. a. Because adults memorize too much grammar. b. Because performance errors always reflect incompetence. c. Because repeated incorrect forms can become permanent if not addressed. d. Because adults cannot acquire vocabulary beyond childhood.

Why is bilingualism often considered a social phenomenon?. a. Because it depends on society’s interactions, values, and needs. b. Because individuals create grammar rules privately. c. Because language systems exist independently of culture. d. Because it only occurs in classrooms.

Why is “translanguaging” increasingly valued in bilingual education?. a. Because it eliminates the need for English instruction. b. Because it prevents students from code-switching. c. Because it ensures equal dominance in both languages. d. Because it encourages fluid use of both languages to deepen meaning-making.

A bilingual program in which students first use their home language for literacy, then gradually shift to English-only, is called: a. Subtractive bilingualism. b. CLIL. c. Transitional bilingual education. d. Maintenance bilingual education.

In Richards’ framework, why is “pedagogical content knowledge” essential for teachers?. a. It focuses only on native-speaker pronunciation. b. It provides abstract linguistic theory. c. It helps teachers transform subject matter into teachable forms. d. It eliminates the need for reflective practice.

A teacher introduces vocabulary using pictures, gestures, and stories before asking for student output. Which hypothesis supports this method?. a. Monitor hypothesis. b. Critical period hypothesis. c. Natural order hypothesis. d. Input hypothesis.

A bilingual student uses Spanish when discussing emotions but switches to English when writing academic essays. Which explanation fits best?. a. The student lacks competence in Spanish. b. The student is experiencing fossilization. c. The student uses different registers depending on context. d. The student is undergoing subtractive bilingualism.

Which of the following best illustrates the “instrumental function” of language as described by Halliday?. a. A student says “I need help with this exercise.”. b. Friends say “We will be the best team” to encourage each other. c. A teacher says “Clean your desk now!” to give an order. d. A child says “I’m sad” to express feelings.

Which classroom activity best supports the interactional function of language?. a. Students memorize irregular verbs individually. b. Students copy notes from the board. c. Students debate their opinions in pairs. d. Students take a quiz silently.

A teacher integrates cultural practices of indigenous Ecuadorian communities while teaching English. What concept is being emphasized?. a. Linguistic competence. b. Silent period. c. Contrastive analysis. d. Socio-cultural factors in SLA.

A student understands input but feels constant fear of making mistakes when speaking. What most likely blocks acquisition?. a. Low self-esteem. b. Lack of vocabulary. c. Poor phonetics instruction. d. High affective filter.

Which classroom practice most directly lowers the affective filter?. a. Assigning only grammar translation tasks. b. Publicly correcting every error. c. Encouraging students to sing songs and play games. d. Limiting student talk to avoid mistakes.