lezione 24

Which test in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) assessment battery cannot be normal for a diagnosis of probable AD? (24). a) Corsi span. b) Token Test. c) Explicit recall and recognition in episodic memory tests. d) Digit span.

In the semantic variant of FTD, what should I expect? (24). a) All answers are correct. b) Naming deficits for objects described verbally. c) Naming deficits for visually presented objects. d) Atrophy of the temporal poles.

Which form of dementia begins with a Broca-like aphasia? (24). a) AD, logopenic PPA variant. b) Semantic variant FTD. c) Non-fluent aphasic variant FTD. d) Lewy body disease, non-fluent aphasic variant.

Tau protein normally… (24). a) Contributes to the function of axonal microtubules. b) Is a membrane protein that can split to form alpha-amyloid. c) Is a membrane protein that can split to form beta-amyloid. d) Contributes to the function of axonal mitochondria.

What function is assessed with Trail Making Test B in suspected Alzheimer’s disease? (24). a) Language. b) Executive control functions. c) Visuospatial functions. d) Attention.

To which biomarker category does the 18F-FDG PET belong? (24). a) None is correct. b) Tau-protein aggregates. c) Amyloid plaque accumulation. d) Neuronal injury and neurodegeneration.

In Figure 24.6 three patient profiles with cognitive decline are shown, with symptom severity at disease onset indicated by the black bar. Which patient does not have a form compatible with frontotemporal dementia, and based on which disease stage? (24). a) 1, early stage. b) 2, late stage. c) 3, late stage. d) 2, early stage.

A definite diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease is obtained: (24). a) Based on progressive memory deficits and at least two other cognitive functions. b) None is correct. c) Based on clinical history and neuropathological examination. d) Based on progressive memory deficits.

Semantic variant PPA is associated at onset with atrophy of: (24). a) Broca’s area. b) Temporal lobes. c) Parietal lobe. d) Wernicke’s area.

Figure 24.4 shows… (24). a) Hypometabolism in a group of typical FTD patients. b) Atrophy in a group of typical AD patients. c) Hypometabolism in a group of typical AD patients. d) Atrophy in a group of typical FTD patients.

Which of the following PPA forms does not belong to the frontotemporal dementia group? (24). a) Logopenic PPA. b) Non-fluent PPA. c) Semantic variant PPA. d) No PPA belongs to the frontotemporal dementia category.

Which is not the most frequent cause of death in the “internal medicine” phase of AD? (24). a) None is correct. b) Aspiration pneumonia due to dysphagia. c) Respiratory failure due to degeneration of brainstem respiratory centers. d) Pulmonary infections.

Which form of PPA may show phonemic paraphasias along with lexical retrieval deficits? (24). a) Non-fluent PPA. b) Logopenic PPA. c) None. d) Semantic PPA.

Which of the following cognitive functions does not decline with normal aging? (24). a) Delayed recall of a story. b) Reasoning. c) Lexical knowledge. d) Spatial abilities.

Which of the following statements is false? (24). a) The MMSE is never administered to a patient with already-normal MMSE. b) The MoCA is always the first screening test for any patient. c) The MoCA thoroughly assesses retrograde episodic memory. d) The MoCA contains no temporal orientation tasks (e.g., “What day is it?”).

Which aspect suggests that a case of dementia is Alzheimer’s rather than frontotemporal dementia? (24). a) Slightly later onset and positive amyloid PET scan. b) All answers are correct. c) Low relevance of Broca-like aphasia symptoms at onset. d) Prominence of amnesic symptoms.

In Figure 24.5, 3 types of imaging exams of two subjects (one AD patient, one normal) are shown. Which triplet belongs to the patient and which to the normal subject? (24). a) 4,2,6; 1,3,5. b) 4,2,5; 1,3,6. c) 3,4,5; 1,2,6. d) 1,2,6; 3,4,5.

Frontotemporal dementias… (24). a) None is correct. b) Are much less frequent than Alzheimer’s disease. c) Are characterized by tau accumulations beginning in the hippocampus. d) Are characterized by amyloid accumulations beginning in the hippocampi.

Which of the following abilities is not part of the IADL scale? (24). a) Use of transportation. b) Use of the telephone. c) Handling money. d) Use of iPad or computer.

In DSM-5, “major neurocognitive disorder” corresponds to… (24). a) Mild cognitive impairment. b) Dementia. c) Only dementia associated with psychiatric syndromes. d) Only frontotemporal dementia.

Which form of dementia shows negative amyloid PET scans? (24). a) FTD. b) AD. c) Prion diseases. d) All answers are correct.

Which elementary neurological symptoms are typical of Alzheimer’s dementia? (24). a) Choreic movements. b) Bradykinesia. c) None. d) Tremor.

Which statement is correct? (24). a) No form is distinguishable without PET. b) Alzheimer’s and other dementias are best distinguished in the final stages. c) Alzheimer’s and other dementias are best distinguished in the early stages. d) Alzheimer’s and other dementias are best distinguished in the late stages.

Which cognitive deficit is least relevant for diagnosing typical Alzheimer’s disease? (24). a) Phonological deficits in repetition. b) Semantic deficits. c) Topographical disorientation. d) Episodic memory deficits.

In which PPA form can phonological short-term memory deficits occur? (24). a) Typical Alzheimer’s disease. b) Non-fluent PPA. c) Logopenic PPA. d) Semantic PPA.

A patient with PET/MRI profile A+/T+/N+ and normal neuropsychological testing… (24). a) Is asymptomatic but at risk for AD. b) Has MCI. c) Has clearly visible AD. d) Is symptomatic but not at risk for AD.

Alzheimer’s disease with posterior cortical atrophy presentation can be confused with which other pathology? (24). a) FTD with non-fluent aphasia. b) Logopenic PPA. c) Semantic PPA. d) Lewy body dementia.

In Figure 24.6 three patient profiles with cognitive decline are shown. Which profile is compatible with scan 3 in Figure 24.5? (24). a) 1 and 3. b) Only 2. c) Only 1. d) 2 and 3.

Neurofibrillary tangles are typical of… (24). a) None is correct. b) Parkinson’s disease; they contain Tau protein. c) Alzheimer’s disease; they contain Tau protein. d) Alzheimer’s disease; they contain alpha-synuclein.

Which brain region is not affected by the pathology shown in Figure 24.4? (24). a) Left Brodmann area 39. b) Right Brodmann area 46. c) Left Brodmann area 21. d) Left Brodmann area 28.