Mass and Balance Test Astana

The operator of an aircraft equipped with 50 seats uses standard masses for passengers and baggage. During the preparation of a scheduled flight a group of passengers present themselves at the check-in desk, it is apparent that even the lightest of these exceeds the value of the declared standard mass. The operator may use the standard masses for the load and balance calculation without correction. The operator may use the standard masses for the balance but must correct these for the load calculation. The operator must determine the actual mass of such passengers by weighing or by adding an adequate increment. The operator is obliged to use the actual masses of each passenger.

turbojet aeroplane is designed with swept-back wings. It is fitted with a central fwd tank and, on each wing, an inner and outer fuel tank. A Commercial Air Transport flight is operated with full fuel in tanks. At the top of descent (TOD), all the fuel in the central tank is consumed; the TOD CG position compared to that of the top of climb will be?. Aft or forward, depending on the number of engines fitted. Forward. Unchanged. Aft.

Which one of the following is correct?. Moment = Force / Arm. Arm = Moment / Force. Arm = Force x Moment. Arm = Force / Moment.

turbojet aeroplane is designed with swept-back wings. It is fitted with a central fwd tank and, on each wing, an inner and outer fuel tank. A Commercial Air Transport flight is operated with full fuel in tanks. At the top of descent (TOD), all the fuel in the central tank is consumed; the TOD CG position compared to that of the top of climb will be?. Aft or forward, depending on the number of engines fitted. Unchanged. Forward. Aft.

An aeroplane must be re-weighed at certain intervals. Where an operator uses ‘fleet masses' and provided that changes have been correctly documented, this interval is: 4 years for each aeroplane. 9 years for each aeroplane. Whenever a major modification is carried out. Whenever the certificate of airworthiness is renewed.

Determine the position of the CG as a percentage of the MAC given that the balance arm of the CG is 724 and the MAC balance arms are 517 to 1706: 14.2%. 16.3%. 17.4%. 15.3%.

Explain the relationship between the CG and the stabiliser trim setting, for take-off in a large aeroplane?. With a more aft CG, the greater nose-up stabiliser trim setting is required. The location of the CG does NOT affect the stabiliser trim setting for take-off. With a more forward CG, a more nose-down stabiliser trim setting is required. With a more aft CG, a lower nose-up stabiliser trim setting is required.

Traffic load is the difference between: The operating mass and the basic empty mass. The take-off mass and the basic empty mass plus trip fuel. The take-off mass and the basic empty mass. The take-off mass and the operating mass.

When computing the mass of passengers and baggage for an aircraft with 20 seats or more: 1. Standard masses of male and female in table 1 are applicable. 2. If there are thirty seats or more, the 'all adult' mass values in table 1 may be used as an alternative. 3. Holiday charter masses apply to table 1 and table 3 if the charter is solely intended as an element of a holiday travel package. 4. holiday flights and holiday charters attract the same mass values. 1, 3 and 4 only. 3 and 4 only. All the above. 1 and 2 only.

In mass and balance calculations the index is: A location in the airplane identified by a number. An imaginary vertical plane or line from which all measurements are taken. The range of moments the centre of gravity (CG) can have without making the aeroplane unsafe to fly. A figure without unit of measurement which represents a moment.

If the maximum structural landing mass is exceeded: The undercarriage could collapse on landing. The aircraft will be unable to get airborne. No damage will occur providing the aircraft is within the regulated landing mass. No damage will occur providing the aircraft is within the performance limited landing mass.

The chemical fluids used to charge the aircraft's toilets are counted as?. Part of the under load. Part of the basic empty mass. Part of the variable load. Part of the payload.

The Dry Operating Mass includes: Unusable fuel and reserve fuel. Fuel and passengers baggage and cargo. Passengers baggage and cargo. Crew and crew baggage, catering, removable passenger service equipment, potable water and lavatory chemicals.

The operating mass: Is the dry operating mass and the fuel load. Is the actual mass of the aircraft on take-off. Is the higher of the structural mass and the performance limited mass. Is the lower of the structural mass and the performance limited mass.

If the CG is aft of the rear limit then: Control forces will increase. Controllability decreases. Stability increases. Stability decreases.

During the pre-flight preparation, the pilot wants to plot the longitudinal and lateral CGs at the take-off mass. To make the calculations, he/she looks for the information about the datum and the moment arms of the aircraft and the equipment. This can be found in the?. Aircraft Flight Manual, Weight and Loading Distribution section. Reference Table of the Aircraft Flight Manual. Aircraft Flight Manual, Operating Procedures section. Aircraft Flight Manual, Performance section.

An aircraft is about to depart on an oceanic sector from a high elevation airfield with an exceptionally long runway in the tropics at 1400 local time. The regulated take-off mass is likely to be limited by: Maximum certified take-off mass. MZFM. Obstacle clearance. Climb gradient.

The centre of gravity location of the aeroplane is normally computed along the: Vertical axis. Longitudinal axis. Lateral axis. Horizontal axis.

If all the moments are positive when calculating mass (weight) and balance, the position of the datum would be at the: Nose, or forward of the aircraft. Centre line of the nose or tail wheel depending on the aircraft type. Main wheels centre line. Trailing edge of the wing.

What is a possible consequence of loading an aircraft incorrectly so that the Centre of Gravity is positioned ahead of the forward limit?. The aircraft may become excessively manoeuvrable and beyond control. There may be insufficient aft pitch control available to keep the aircraft level. There may be insufficient forward pitch control available to keep the aircraft level. There may be a tendency to over-pitch the aircraft during the flare just before landing.

Traffic Load is the total mass of?. Passengers and their baggage, cargo and any non-revenue load. Crew, crew baggage, catering, potable water and chemical toilet fluid. Items loaded in cargo hold compartments such as baggage and freight. Passengers and their baggage, cargo, non-revenue load and useable fuel.

The 'maximum floor load' is described as the maximum?. Load per floor area. G forces permitted on floor area in accordance with CS23. G forces permitted on floor area in accordance with CS25. Traffic load allowed in the cargo compartment.

Standard mass for checked baggage when conducting a commercial flight within the European region with an aerplane having 20 seats or more is?. 21 kg. 15 kg. 13 kg. 11 kg.

Considering only structural limitations, on long distance flights (at the aeroplane’s maximum range), the traffic load is normally limited by: The Maximum Take-off Mass. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass plus the Take-off Mass. The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass. The Maximum Landing Mass.

What is possible consequences of loading an aircraft incorrectly so that CG is positioned behind the aft limit?. There may be insufficient aft pitch control available to keep the aircraft level in straight flight. There may be an inability to flare the aircraft on landing. There may be insufficient forward pitch control available to keep the aircraft level in straight flight. The aircraft will be extremely stable.

The centre of gravity of an aeroplane is at 25 % of the Mean Aerodynamic Chord. This means that the centre of gravity of the aeroplane is situated at 25 % of the length of: The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the trailing edge. The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the leading edge. The mean aerodynamic chord in relation to the datum. The aeroplane in relation to the leading edge.

Which of the following is an example of a calculation of a Dry Operating Index (DOI)?. DOI = Total moments at DOM / DOM. DOI = Centre of gravity at DOM /10000. DOI Total moments at DOM /12000. DOI = BEM + Crew and operational items.

Conversion of fuel volume to mass: Must be done by using actual measured fuel density values. May be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in JAR - OPS 1. Must be done using fuel density values of 0.79 for JP1 and 0.76 for JP4 as specified in JAR - OPS, IEM – OPS 1.605E. May be done by using standard fuel density values as specified in the Operations Manual, if the actual fuel density is not known.

A location in the aircraft which is identified by a number designating it´s distance from the datum is known as: Index. Moment. Station. MAC.

The Earth´s gravitational field (g) on and close to Earth´s surface is taken to be constant at?. 9.89 m/s2. 9.81 m/s2. 9.0 m/s2. 10.0 m/s2.

Individual aircraft should be weighed in an air-conditioned hangar: All the above. When the effects of modifications or repairs are not known. With the hangar doors closed and the air conditioning of. On entry into service and subsequently every 4 years.

The datum for the balance arms has to be along the longitudinal axis: At the fire wall. Between the leading and trailing edge of the MAC. Between the nose and the tail. But does not have to be between the nose and the tail.

An aircraft may be weighed?. At a specified 'weighing location' on the airfield. In an enclosed hangar. In a quiet parking area clear of the normal manoeuvring area. In an area of the airfield set aside for maintenance.

How many US Gallons is 4000 litres of fuel?. 1057 US Gall. 880 US Gall. 1514 US Gall. 480 US Gall.

The distance from the datum to the CG is: The index. The moment. The balance arm. The station.

Standard masses for baggage can only be used when the aircraft has: Less than 30 seats. 30 seats or more. 20 seats or more. 9 seats or more.

Which of the following is the correct method to determine the Underload?. Allowable TOM + Useful Load - DOM = Underload. Allowable TOM - DOM - Useful Load = Underload. Allowable LM + Trip Fuel - DOM = Underload. Actual TOM - DOM - Useful Load = Underload.

Regarding cargo loading, which option about containers is correct?. Containers have a lighter weight structure when compared to pallets with the same floor dimensio. Containers can be used only in cargo aeroplanes, while pallets can also be used in passenger aeroplanes. Pallets offer better protection than containers against damage to the aeroplane caused by cargo items. Containers provide better protection than pallets against damage to the cargo items.

The Zero Fuel Mass of an aeroplane is always: The Maximum Take-off Mass minus the take-off fuel mass. The Take-off Mass minus the fuselage fuel mass. The Take-off Mass minus the mass of take-off fuel. The Take-off Mass minus the wing fuel mass.

If the aeroplane was neutrally stable this would suggest that: The CG is in mid range. The CG is on the rear limit. The CG is forward. T0he CG is behind the rear limit.

In mass and balance, the trim sheet is?. An arithmetical method used to determine various operational masses. A graphical method used to determine the CG position of operational masses. A graphical method used to determine various operational masses. An arithmetical method used to determine the CG position of operational masses.

Which of the following statements is correct regarding the general procedure and regulations relating to the weighing of an aircraft? The weighing must be performed. At intervals of nine years if individual aircraft masses are used. Whenever there is a modification applied to the aircraft. Whenever the cumulative mass changes to the DOM exceed plus/minus 5% of the MSTOM. Whenever the cumulative changes to the DOM exceed plus/minus 0.5 % of the MSLM.

If the CG is further forwards than the forward limit, the aircraft's horizontal surfaces have a. Longer than usual moment arm and the fuel consumption is increased. Shorter than usual moment arm and the drag is decreased. Shorter than usual moment arm and the range is increased. Longer than usual moment arm and the fuel consumption is decreased.

For the purpose of completing the Mass and Balance documentation, the Dry Operating Mass is defined as: The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all traffic load. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding crew and crew baggage. The total mass of the aircraft ready for a specific type of operation excluding all usable fuel and traffic load.

On wide body aircraft, passenger baggage is loaded…. On pallets in the cargo hold. As bulk or in containers in the cargo hold. As bulk only, to maximise space available. In special compartments in the cabin, beyond passenger access.

Which equation is correct in order to calculate the Centre of Gravity?. Moments multiplied by the sum of the masses. Masses multiplied by the sum of the moments. Moments divided by the sum of the masses. Masses divided by the sum of the moments.

What is the zero fuel mass?. Maximum allowable mass of the aircraft with no usable fuel on board. Actual loaded mass of the aircraft with no usable fuel on board. MSTOM minus fuel. to destination minus fuel to alternative airfield. Operating mass minus the fuel load.

One of the main advantages associated with fuel tanks in the aeroplane's horizontal stabiliser is to. Increase the longitudinal static stability. Reduce the total empty mass of the aeroplane. Increase the stall speed due to an aft CG position. Keep the CG at the rear during the flight.

What is the structural load limit for the floor at baggage zone 'C'?. 100 lb. per square foot. 100 Lb. per cubic foot. 100 kg per square inch. 50 lb. per square foot.

During preparation for take-off the flight crew receive an ACARS load sheet message with the note "PRELIM" on the header. Five minutes later, ground staff provide a paper copy of the load sheet with the note "FINAL" on the header. The Commander sees that masses on the paper copy and ACARS message are NOT the same. The Commander shall... Use the paper copy because itis the final version of the load sheet. Use the ACARS load sheet, because that is more accurate than the paper copy of the load sheet. Call ground staff and ask for clarification. Ignore all previous load sheet documents and prepare a new one manually.

The term 'baggage' means: Personal belongings. Any freight or cargo not carried on the person. Any non-human, non-animal cargo. Excess freight.

Fora given configuration, the stall speed of an aeroplane will be highest when loaded: To the maximum allowable mass with the most forward CG. To the maximum allowable mass with the most aft CG. To a low total mass with the most aft CG. To a low total mass with the most forward CG.

What is the effect of a CG located behind the aft limit on longitudinal static stability?. Stability decreases beyond acceptable limits. There is a significant increase in stability. The flight control forces increase. Longitudinal stability is NOT related to the position of the CG.

If an aeroplane lands below its Max Structural Landing Mass, but above its Performance Limited Landing Mass for the arrival airfield: (1) it might not have sufficient runway length to stop safely. (2) tyre temperature limits could be exceeded. (3) itwill increase structural fatigue. (4) physical damage might be suffered as a result of the extra mass. (5) a go-around might not be achievable. The combination regrouping all the correct statements is: 1, 2 & 4. 1, 2, 4 & 5. 1, 2, 3 & 5. 1, 2 & 3.

Which of the following is true?. Running load is the maximum load tolerated per unit of area (i.e. kg m2). The orientation of a specified cargo container within a cargo hold will not affect the running load. The floor loading limit is equal to MTOM-BEM. Cargo may be loaded into a passenger compartment, provided that it is secured according to applicable regulations in EU-OPS.

An aircraft is used for Commercial Air Transport. Since the aircraft's initial entry into service, 3 years ago, several repairs and modifications have been executed. These changes were accurately documented. The Operator uses individual aircraft masses. Does the aircraft need to be reweighed now?. No, but it must be reweighed within the next 6 years. Yes, because reweighing should be done after every repair and/or modification. No, but it must be reweighed within the next 12 months. Yes, because the applicable EU Regulation requires a reweighing every 3 years.

The regulated take-off mass: Is the higher of the maximum structural zero fuel mass and the performance limited take-off mass. Is the lower of maximum structural take-off mass and the performance limited take-off mass. Is the maximum structural take-off mass subject to any last-minute mass changes. Is the maximum performance limited take-off mass subject to any last-minute mass changes.

The practical use of the index method to calculate the CG of a large aircraft is to. Determine the CG by using an index table covering ranges of passengers (e.g. groups of 10) instead of individual counts. Reduce the size of the moment values and to simplify calculations. Simplify the calculations by taking standard masses for passengers and cargo. Visually indicate the CG on a CG limit chart WITHOUT using calculations.

An aircraft is close to its maximum zero fuel mass limit. When will the wings experience the greatest load?. Brake release. Cruise. Lift Off. Landing.

When computing the mass of passengers and baggage: 1. Personal belongings and hand baggage must be included 2. Infants must be classed as children if they occupy a seat 3. Standard masses include infants being carried by an adult 4. Table 1, table 2 and table 3 must be used as appropriate if using standard masses for passengers and freight 5. Weighing must be carried out immediately prior to boarding and at an adjacent location. 2 and 4 only. All the above. 1, 2, 3 and 5 only. 1, 2 and 5 only.

Moment balance arms are measured from a specific point to the body station at which the mass is located. That point is known as?. The focal point. The axis. The datum. The centre of gravity of the aircraft.

Which CG position is used when determining minimum control speeds in performance? A CG. At the forward limit. At the aft limit. Mid of the aft and forward limits. At the average position.

Due to a mistake in the load sheet the aeroplane is 1000 kg heavier than you believe it to be. As a consequence: VMU will be later. V1 will be later. V1, VMU, VR will all occur earlier. VR will be later.

Which statement regarding the relationship between traffic load and range is correct?. The maximum zero fuel mass limits the maximum quantity of fuel. The Maximum Landing Mass is basically equal to the Maximum Zero Fuel Mass. The traffic load can be limited by the desired range. The maximum traffic load is not limited by the reserve fuel quantity.

Certified transport category aircraft with less than 10 seats: All the above. May compute the actual mass of passengers and checked baggage. May estimate the total mass of the passengers and add a pre-determined constant to account for hand baggage and clothing. May simply accept a verbal mass from or on behalf of each passenger.

Considering only structural limitations, on very short legs with minimurn take-off fuel, the traffic load is normally limited by: Maximum Landing Mass. Maximum Zero Fuel Mass. Maximum Take-off Mass. Actual landing mass.

Consider the risks associated with fuel tanks in the horizontal stabiliser also known as trim tanks. If the transfer mechanism in the climb fails and isolates fuel in the trim tank…. Drag will increase. Flight range will be reduced. The fwd centre of gravity limit will be exceeded. Maneuverability will decrease.

If an extra load is loaded into an aircraft the stall speed is likely to: Increase. Stay the same. Change depending on whether the load was placed FWD or AFT of the CG. Decrease.

The maximum certificated taxi (or ramp) mass is that mass to which an aeroplane may be loaded prior to engine start. It is?. A value which varies only with airfield altitude. Standard corrections are listed in the Flight Manual. A fixed value which is listed in the Flight Manual. A value which varies with airfield temperature and altitude. Corrections are listed in the Flight Manual. A value which is only affected by the outside air temperature. Corrections are calculated from data given in the Flight Manual.

If the aircraft was loaded with the Centre of Gravity in front of the forward CG limit, counteracting the nose-pitching-down moment will lead to?. A lower stalling speed. Decreased required landing distances. Increased manoeuvrability. Increased drag.

For a conventional light aeroplane with a tricycle undercarriage configuration, the higher the take-off mass: 1. Stick forces at rotation will increase. 2. Range will decrease but endurance will increase. 3. Gliding range will reduce. 4. Stalling speed will increase. Statements 1 and 4 only are correct. Statement 3 only is correct. All statements are correct. Statement 4 only is correct.

The CG position is: Able to exist within a range. Set by the manufacturer. Fixed. Set by the pilot.

The useful load is: TOM minus the DOM. TOM minus fuel mass. TOM minus the operating mass. BEM plus fuel Load.

What are the effects of a CG forward of the forward limit?. Range, endurance and absolute ceiling will decrease. Endurance and range will decrease whilst absolute ceiling and airspeed will increase. Endurance and range will increase whilst absolute ceiling and airspeed will decrease. Endurance, range and absolute ceiling will increase.

What are the CG Limits?. Fwd. limit = 74 inches to 80.4 inches. Fwd. limit = 74 inches, aft limit = 80.4 inches. Fwd. Limit = 74 inches, aft limit = 87.7 inches. Fwd. limit = 74 inches to 80.4 inches and aft limit = 87.7 inches.

Which of the following statements best describes the Regulated Landing Mass?. The Maximum Landing Mass as approved by the aircraft's State of Registration. The lowest of the Performance Limited Landing Mass and Structural Limited Landing Mass. The greatest of the Performance Limited Landing Mass and Structural Limited Landing Mass. The Maximum Landing Mass as determined by the aircraft manufacturer.

The basic empty mass is the mass of the aeroplane: Plus, standard items such as unusable fluids, fire extinguishers, emergency oxygen equipment, supplementary electronics etc. Minus non-standard items such as unusable fluids, fire extinguishers, emergency oxygen and supplementary electronic equipment etc. Plus, non-standard items such as lubricating oil, fire extinguishers, emergency oxygen equipment etc. Minus non-standard items such as lubricating oil, fire extinguishers, emergency oxygen equipment etc.

Which condition describes a longitudinally stable aircraft?. Center of lift is aft of center of gravity. None of these. Center of gravity equals the center of lift. Center of gravity is aft of the center of lift.

A load placed forward of the datum. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative moment. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive mass and moment. Has a positive arm and therefore generates a positive moment. Has a negative arm and therefore generates a negative mass and moment.

Where is the reference datum?. 80.4 inches aft of the rear CG position. 39 inches forward of the firewall. 87.7 inches aft of the rear CG position. 74 inches aft of the fwd. CG position.

In Mass & Balance terms, what is an index?. A cut down version of a force. A mass divided by a moment. A moment divided by a mass. A moment divided by a constant.

Mass for individual passengers to be carried on an aircraft may be determined from a verbal statement by behalf of the passengers if the number of?. Passengers carried is less than 6. Passenger seats available is less than 10. Passenger seats available is less than 20. Passengers carried is less than 20.

The Centre of Gravity (CG) for any given flight is best described as the?. Fixed point through which the three axes of the aircraft act. Theoretical point stated in the limitations section of the Aircraft Flight Manual. Theoretical point where all the mass is said to be concentrated. Fixed point defined by the Operator and stated in the Operations Manual.

The take-off mass is: The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass on completion of the refuelling operation. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off but excluding fuel. The mass of the aeroplane including everyone and everything contained within it at the start of the take-off run.

An aeroplane develops a serious maintenance problem shortly after take-off and has to return to its departure airfield. In order to land safely the aircraft must jettison fuel. How much fuel must be jettisoned?. Sufficient to reduce the mass to the zero-fuel mass. As much as the pilot feels is just insufficient to land safely. The pilot calculates the amount of fuel to jettison to reduce the mass to a safe level at or below the RLM. The fuel system automatically stops the jettison at the RLM.

The maximum running load is. The maximum traffic load that can be carried. The maximum load per unit of area. The maximum load per unit of fuselage length. The maximum load per unit of fuselage width.

Standard masses for baggage can be used for aircraft with: less than 30 seats. 30 seats or more. 9 seats or more. 20 seats or more.

If an aeroplane comes into land below its MSLM but above the PLLM for the arrival airfield: 1. Airframe structural damage will occur 2. Tyre temperature limits could be exceeded 3. The runway length might be inadequate 4. A go-around might not be achievable 5. Brake fade could occur. 3 and 4 only. 1, 3, 4 and 5 only. 1 and 5 only. 2, 3, 4 and 5 only.

Which of the following would not affect the CG position?. Horizontal stabilator trim setting. Fuel consumption during flight. Mass added or removed at the neutral point. Cabin crew members performing their normal duties.

Define the useful load: Traffic load plus dry operating mass. Traffic load plus usable fuel mass. Dry operating mass plus usable fuel load. That part of the traffic load which generates revenue.

While making mass and balance calculation for a particular aircraft, the term ‘Basic Empty Mass' applies to the sum of airframe, engine(s), fixed ballast plus?. All the oil, all the fuel and hydraulic fluid but not including crew and traffic load. All the usable fuel and oil, but not including any radio or navigation equipment installed by manufacturer. All the oil and all the fuel. Unusable fuel and full operating fluids.

What is the CG at the BEM?. 87 inches. 77.7 meters. 77 inches. 77.7 inches.

What is the difference between take-off mass and the take-off fuel?. DOM + traffic load. BEM + traffic load. BEM + useful load. DOM + useful load.

Rush bags, late arrival bags, pilots' or cabin crew baggage will be loaded as?. Bulk cargo. Containerised cargo. Forbidden cargo. Palletised cargo.

The maximum structural take-off mass is: The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off but excluding fuel. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass for take-off subject to the limiting conditions at the departure airfield. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass on completion of the refuelling operation.

MZFM = 51.300kg, MSTOM = 62.800kg, what is the maximum allowable fuel mass for take-off?. 15000 kg. 11500 kg. 10150 kg. 10015 kg.

The Maximum Take-Off Mass of an aeroplane is?. The maximum permissible total aeroplane mass at the start of the take-off run. The maximum permissible mass of a loaded aeroplane before leaving the parking stand. A performance-limited take-off mass which is affected by atmospheric pressure and temperature. A take-off-limited mass which is variable according to the runway strength of the departure aerodrome.

An additional baggage container is loaded into the aft cargo compartment but is not entered into the load and trim sheet. The aeroplane will be heavier than expected and calculated take-off speeds. Will not be achieved. Are unaffected but V1 will be increased. Will be greater than required. Will give reduced safety margins.

Which factors effect the STAB TRIM for take-off. • OAT • TOM • CG • Flap setting. TOM, CG and flap setting. CG, OAT and flap setting. OAT, TOM and CG. OAT, TOM, and flap setting.

On an aeroplane without central fuel tank, the maximum Zero Fuel Mass is related to?. Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass. The bending moment at the wing root. variable equipment for the flight. Wing loaded trip fuel.

Before every departure, in order determine the Allowed Take-Off Mass of an aircraft, the Regulated Landing Mass is computed. This is the... Maximum Structural Take-Off Mass minus the Trip Fuel. Lower of the Maximum Structural Landing Mass and the Performance-Limited Landing Mass. higher of the Maximum Structural Landing Mass and the Performance-Limited Landing Mass. Maximum Performance-Limited Take-Off Mass minus the Trip Fuel.