MD EXAM

What are the tasks of a specialist of occupational medicine?. A. preventive medical examination of workers, approval of sick leave, participation in risk assessment. B. preventive medical examination of workers, prevention of occupational diseases, participation in risk assessment. C. preventive medical examination of workers, prevention of occupational diseases, approval of sick leave. D. participation in risk assessment, approval of sick leave, preventive medical examination of workers. E. approval of sick leave, preventive medical examination of workers, participation in risk assessment.

What is the most common and effective way that chemicals enter the body when exposed at the workplace?. A. through the mucous membrane of the eye. B. through the gastrointestinal tract. C. intravenously. D. through the respiratory tract. E. through the mucous membrane of the eye.

Which sample is used for the ecological monitoring of chemical substances?. A. Air in the working environment. B. blood. C. urine. D. sputum. E. throat swab.

Which statement is NOT true for the limit values?. A. they do not apply to hypersensitive workers (pregnant women, chronically ill). B. they are a compromise between the state and the profession. C. they usually lag behind the findings of science and the profession. D. they are not the same in all countries. E. they protect all workers from the development of diseases or health problems.

What is typical for the ergonomics at the workplace? (one combination of the following statements is correct). A. the worker adapts the workplace; working in a neutral position, reducing static muscle work. B. working in a neutral position; work at elbow height; the worker adapts the workplace. C. the workplace is adapted to the worker; working in a neutral position, reducing static muscle work. D. the worker adapts to the workplace, reducing static muscle work; reducing the number of repetitive movements. E. reducing the number of of repetitive movements.

What is characteristic for the latent period?. A. it is the time between the last exposure and the development of the disease. B. it is the time between the first exposure and the development of the disease. C. it is the same for all people. D. it varies in different countries. E. none of the above.

Which disease does asbestos not cause?. A. gastrointestinal cancer. B. pleural effusion. C. malignant mesothelioma. D. ovarian cancer. E. bladder cancer.

Exposure to irritating chemicals at the workplace does not usually cause: A. asthma. B. dermatitis. C. conjunctivitis. D. rhinitis. E. gastritis.

Which causative factor, based on current knowledge, does not cause basal cell carcinoma of the skin?. A. UV radiations. B. genetic factors. C. asbestos. D. cartoon black. E. mineral oils.

The most common locations of occupational malignancies are?. a) breast and prostate cancer. b) urinary bladder cancer. c) bone and breast cancer. d) skin and respiratory tract cancer. e) bladder and breast cancer.

Which disease is NOT a pneumoconiosis?. a) asbestosis. b) silicosis. c) siderosis. d) welder’s lung. e) asthma.

Where in the body does lead accumulate even after decades?. a) in the kidneys. b) in the liver. c) in the bones. d) in the central nervous system. e) in the skin.

The "non-immune" form of asthma is characterized by: a) a latent period, exposure to low concentrations of chemical substances is sufficient. b) it occurs only in sensitive individuals, repeated exposure to the chemical substance is necessary. c) there is no latent period, it usually occurs at high concentrations of chemical substances. d) it is caused by sensitizing low-molecular-weight factor. e) none of the above.

What are the physiological burdens at work? (one combination of statements is correct). a) chemical substances, noise, vibrations, static loads. b) static loads, dynamic loads, noise, vibrations. c) static loads, dynamic loads, walking, lifting loads, walking. d) noise, thermal conditions, chemical substances. e) walking on level ground, dynamic loads, static loads, microorganisms.

To what extent are nutritional supplements responsible for improving performance in sports?. a) the majority, they play a very important role. b) they have no significance in sports. c) the have a minimal effect, the reach is a maximum of 3%, especially in untrained people and only certain supplements have an impact. d) the impact is small, but a huge number of different supplements play an important role. e) they affect performance and have no effect on health.

Which statement is correct?. a) hydration has an impact on an athlete's performance, but it is negligible compared to food. b) hydration is very important, significantly more than nutrition, which is of secondary importance. c) to be well hydrated, an athlete should drink isotonic sports drinks before and after activity. d) hydration is very important, in case of dehydration, performance can be reduced by up to 10%. e) to be hydrated, an athlete must drink only water.

Mark the incorrect statement. a) for athletes, changes in eating behaviors are important for health and results. b) orthorexia does not exist in athletes. c) eating disorders and eating disorders are more common among athletes than among normally active individuals. d) in professional sports, the proportion of eating disorders is high. e) having an eating disorder can be a cause for an end of athlete career.

Which of the macronutrients is essential for the development of an athlete?. a) all macronutrients are important. b) ketone bodies. c) carbohydrates. d) protein. e) aminoacids.

Which is the most important environmental risk factor for health in Europe?. a) Air pollution. b) Asbestos pollution. c) Exposure to silica. d) Sedentary work. e) Non ergonomic working environment.

Which are the pollutants that the European Environment Agency takes into account in its risk calculations for European cities?. a) Asbestos, silica and dust. b) PM2,5, NO2 and O3. c) PM2,5, NO2. d) PM2,5,. e) PM10.

The highest attributable burden of air pollution is for: a) ischemic heart disease due to PM2,5 and diabetes mellitus due to NO2. b) Ischemic heart disease due to NO2 diabetes mellitus due to PM2,5. c) COPD due to PM2,5 and stroke due to NO2. d) Lung cancer due to PM2,5 and asthma due to NO2. e) Diabetes mellitus due to PM2,5.

DALY is: a) disability attributable life year. b) disability adopted life year. c) disability adjusted life year. d) disability appropriated life year. e) disability adverse life year.

DALY combines the effects of: a) mortality and disability. b) mortality and morbidity. c) mortality and work disability. d) morbidity and disability. e) morbidity and work disability.

What is the burden of disease?. a) the sum of DALYS in population. b) the sum of YLLs in population. c) the sum of YLLS/100 000 in population. d) the sum of YLDs in population. e) the sum of YLL and YLD in population.

Attributable deaths from different pollutants should not simply be added together because: a) there is a high correlation between pollutants. b) there is a low correlation between pollutants. c) there is an association between pollutants. d) there is a negative association between pollutants. e) there is a statistically significant correlation of less than 0,3 between pollutants.

If we compare the results of the percentage of the sick leave between the ZZZS (insurance institute) and NIJZ (Public health institut) data, then we get: a) exactly the same results. b) incomparable results. c) they are different in the frequency of visits, but not in the percentage of the sick leave. d) they are different in the severity of the disease, but not in the percentage of sick leave. e) they are different in the severity of disease and frequency of visits, but not in the percentage of sick leave.

Why is it important to obtain data on sick leave for an organization by disease group?. a) because it is good for workers. b) because it is good for employers. c) because the data tells us how sick workers are in a particular organization according to the industry. d) because this is important data for health promotion and we can carry out targeted activities. e) we are not allowed to obtain this data because of personal data protection.

Why do we do meta-analyses in occupational epidemiology: a) to increase the accuracy of exposure. b) to increase the study power. c) to increase the accuracy of misclassification. d) to increase the transparency of the study. e) to expand the confidence interval.

An occupational disease is: a) different from a non-occupational disease. b) no different from a non-occupational disease except for the time of exposure. c) no different from a non-occupational disease except for the cause. d) different from a non-occupational disease in diagnostic procedure. e) no different from a non-occupational disease except for time of latency period.

The patient with verified occupational disease in Slovenia has no rights for: a) 100% compensation of sick leave. b) disability insurance rights. c) immediate therapy of his workplace. d) work disability procedure. e) compensation.