Meteorología 2º Examen

1. What factors are required for fog formation?. a) High moisture, cooling, condensation nuclei present. b) Low temperatures with rapid winds moving in. c) Dry conditions over flat terrain all day. d) A sudden drop in strong pressure.

2. How is fog classified based on visibility?. a) Fog under 1,000 m, mist above. b) A low visibility layer near mountains. c) When the ground temperature remains cold. d) It depends on altitude and thickness.

3. What type of fog forms from surface cooling?. a) Radiation fog, clear nights, calm winds. b) A warm surface interacts with dry air. c) A high cloud layer blocking sunlight. d) Rapid cooling after a strong storm.

4. What causes fog to dissipate?. a) Temperature rises, humidity levels decrease quickly. b) The pressure starts dropping very suddenly. c) Wind carries moisture toward cold regions. d) Clouds forming at very low altitudes.

5. Which fog type is the most persistent?. a) Advection fog, moist air, steady flow. b) A temporary mist layer over large lakes. c) Condensation forming in freezing temperatures. d) A thick haze forming in dry areas.

1. Which precipitation theory applies to cold clouds?. a) Bergeron process, ice crystal formation cycle. b) When droplets evaporate into cold layers. c) Water condensing rapidly above freezing altitude. d) Slow-moving precipitation in the upper atmosphere.

2. What differentiates rain from drizzle?. a) Droplet size, falling rate, cloud height. b) The intensity of the wind while falling. c) Whether or not strong winds are present. d) Temperature variations before condensation occurs.

3. What precipitation type results from instability?. a) Convective rain, rapid updrafts, storm clouds. b) Cold clouds slowly forming in heavy winds. c) Warm clouds merging into deep cloud layers. d) A weak layer forming in strong inversions.

4. What characterizes intermittent rain?. a) Gradual start, gradual stop, light rain. b) A long period of heavy rainfall ahead. c) Rain happening only in weak air masses. d) Quick bursts of rain near cold fronts.

5. Which precipitation type consists of ice crystals?. a) Snow pellets, small frozen particles falling. b) Cold condensation happening in strong winds. c) Ice forming over very thick clouds. d) Freezing rain occurring before storm activity.

1. What defines an air mass?. a) Large region, uniform temperature, stable pressure. b) A weak weather system over land areas. c) A cloud formation affected by rising air. d) When wind patterns shift above continents.

2. What air mass affects the Iberian Peninsula?. a) Tropical maritime, warm, stable, humid air. b) A very dry, slow-moving wind pattern. c) Cold conditions pushing toward the Atlantic coast. d) High-altitude air flows forming strong storms.

3. What describes a cold front?. a) Cold air advancing, warm air rising. b) Slow wind movement toward weak high pressure. c) A minor temperature shift before thunderstorms. d) Wind speeds dropping in areas of turbulence.

4. What happens when a cold front overtakes a warm front?. a) Occluded front, warm air forced up. b) Weak low-pressure conditions affecting visibility. c) Large temperature gradients increasing storm size. d) Rain develops in dry regions with high clouds.

5. What defines explosive cyclogenesis?. a) Rapid strengthening, pressure drops very quickly. b) A weak temperature inversion above dense air. c) A calm system over the ocean forming. d) Low winds mixing air layers in clouds.

1. How does air move in a Northern Hemisphere anticyclone?. a) Clockwise, outward flow with slow motion. b) It moves counterclockwise and increases speed. c) Air rises vertically and then spreads. d) Low pressure pulls air inward fast.

2. What anticyclone type causes desert climates?. a) Dynamic system, descending air, dry weather. b) A very weak wind circulation process. c) Cold, stable air remains over land. d) It forms randomly in warm regions.

3. What phenomenon is associated with the ITCZ?. a) Heavy rainfall, rising air, unstable conditions. b) The cooling of air and sinking. c) A zone of very strong hurricanes. d) Weak winds form over dry areas.

4. What defines a low-pressure system?. a) Rising air, cloud growth, unstable weather. b) Cold air sinks and forms dryness. c) The complete absence of moving air. d) Strong winds circulate in all directions.

5. How do tropical cyclones weaken?. a) Landfall stops convection, energy is lost. b) They move very fast and disperse. c) Cold air weakens circulation and heat. d) Rising humidity keeps the system alive.

1. How many circulation cells exist per hemisphere?. a) Two. b) Three large air circulation cells. c) There are four wind movement zones. d) A minimum of five small ones.

2. What winds blow toward the ITCZ?. a) Trade winds, steady flow, warm regions. b) A strong vertical descending motion occurs. c) There is no significant air movement. d) Westerly winds move away from it.

3. Which climate classification uses temperature and precipitation?. a) Köppen system, vegetation zones, heat variation. b) Ocean patterns define the general groups. c) Wind systems control the large zones. d) Latitude and height are the main factors.

4. What local wind is warm and dry?. a) Foehn wind, downslope air, warming effect. b) A hot flow from deep deserts. c) Cold winds move down to valleys. d) Warm winds rise and cause rain.

5. What wind affects Spain’s Mediterranean coast?. a) Levante wind, bringing humid conditions. b) A cold, strong wind from north. c) Dry and fast-moving air masses. d) Warm wind crosses inland to ocean.

1. What is the primary cause of aircraft icing?. a) Supercooled droplets freezing upon direct contact. b) Clouds containing ice particles forming ice. c) Condensation occurs in extremely cold layers. d) Rain mixes with freezing temperatures.

2. In what temperature range is icing most common?. a) Zero to minus fifteen degrees Celsius. b) Mostly in very warm rising clouds. c) At freezing level but with no clouds. d) Between minus five and minus twenty.

3. Which type of icing is most hazardous?. a) Clear ice, heavy, strongly attached layer. b) Thin layers of weakly frozen ice. c) Dry frost forming over aircraft wings. d) Ice forming on clouds and rain.

4. Where is the Freezing Rain Triangle found?. a) Before a warm front, winter months. b) Along mountain ridges in humid air. c) High above cirrus clouds in summer. d) Inside deep fog layers in valleys.

5. What is the best strategy to avoid icing?. a) Flying below the freezing level always. b) Decreasing speed when approaching wet air. c) Moving to a much higher altitude. d) Slowing descent rate to avoid contact.

1. What defines a thunderstorm?. a) Lightning, thunder, rising air, strong winds. b) A very weak convective cloud formation. c) Cold air moving downward at night. d) Gradual increase of humidity over land.

2. What conditions favor thunderstorm formation?. a) Instability, moisture, lifting air, heat energy. b) A dry layer above rising warm air. c) Weak temperature gradient across the surface. d) Stable wind patterns at high altitudes.

3. Which thunderstorm stage has both updrafts and downdrafts?. a) Mature stage, violent rain, gusty winds. b) Early phase with rising warm air. c) Final phase where rain is weakening. d) The starting stage with cloud condensation.

4. What is a gust front?. a) Rapid wind change, turbulence, strong gusts. b) A very weak downward movement of air. c) An increase in cloud cover and rain. d) A decrease in pressure from the east.

5. Why do anvil clouds form?. a) Tropopause limits rise, spreading outward. b) Heat builds up at the cloud’s top. c) Cold air meets warm moving winds. d) Rising moisture condenses into thick air.

1. What is the hardest turbulence to detect?. a) Clear air turbulence, at high altitudes. b) Turbulence found over the coastal mountains. c) An intense flow of cold air masses. d) Weak disturbances forming above deep clouds.

2. Why is wind shear dangerous?. a) Sudden speed changes, dangerous near ground. b) Weak pressure zones creating slow wind. c) High-altitude steady winds shifting slightly. d) Gradual increase in strong turbulence waves.

3. What hazard is critical during takeoff?. a) Wind shear reduces lift, sudden loss. b) Minor updrafts causing vibration on descent. c) Gradual turbulence increase in mid-flight zones. d) Temperature inversion reduces smooth acceleration.

4. What is a common effect of mountain waves?. a) Strong downdrafts, turbulence, unstable conditions. b) Cloud buildup resulting in weak instability. c) Wind direction changes causing slow descent. d) Light rain falling ahead of warm air.

5. What is the leading cause of aviation accidents?. a) Human error, miscalculations, loss of control. b) Rare unexpected failures in aircraft engines. c) Weather miscalculations leading to bad approaches. d) Communication failures between pilots and control.