Meteorology and Weather 3

Which type clouds may be associated with jetstream?. Cumulonimbus cloud line where the jetstream crosses the cold front. Cirrus clouds on the equatorial side of the jetstream. Cirrostratus cloud band on the polar side and under the jetstream.

Which is an effect of ice, snow, or frost formation on an airplane?. Decreased stall speed. Decreased pitchup tendencies. Decreased angle of attack for stalls.

What type turbulence should be reported when it causes slight, rapid, and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in attitude or altitude, less than one-third of the time?. Occasional light chop. Moderate turbulence. Moderate chop.

(Refer to Figure 145.) What was the local Central Standard Time of the Aviation Routine Weather Report at Austin (KAUS). 11:53 a.m. 5:53 p.m. 10:53 p.m.

What is indicated by the term 'embedded thunderstorms'?. Severe thunderstorms are embedded in a squall line. Thunderstorms are predicted to develop in a stable air mass. Thunderstorms are obscured by other types of clouds.

Which procedure increases holding time when deicing/anti-icing an airplane using a two-step process?. Heated Type 1 fluid followed by cold Type 2 fluid. Cold Type 2 fluid followed by hot Type 2 fluid. Heated Type 1 or 2 fluid followed by cold Type 1 fluid.

Where do the maximum winds associated with the jetstream usually occur?. In the vicinity of breaks in the tropopause on the polar side of the jet core. Below the jet core where a long straight stretch of the jetstream is located. On the equatorial side of the jetstream where moisture has formed cirriform clouds.

Which wind-shear condition results in an increase in airspeed?. Increasing tailwind and decreasing headwind. Increasing tailwind and headwind. Decreasing tailwind and increasing headwind.

(Refer to Figure 151.) The 12-Hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart indicates that eastern Kentucky and eastern Tennessee can expect probable ceilings. Less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles. Less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles, and moderate turbulence below 10,000 feet MSL. Less than 1,000 feet and/or visibility less than 3 miles, and moderate turbulence above 10,000 feet MSL.

Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?. When constant pressure charts show 20-knot isotachs less than 150 NM apart. When constant pressure charts show 60-knot isotachs less than 20 NM apart. When a sharp trough is moving at a speed less than 20 knots.

What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?. 3ºC per 1,000 feet. 2ºC per 1,000 feet. 4ºC per 1,000 feet.

Summer thunderstorms in the artic region will generally move. Northeast to southwest in polar easterlies. Southwest to northeast with the jetstream flow. Directly north to south with the low-level polar airflow.

What weather differences is found on each side of a 'dry line'?. Extreme temperature difference. Dewpoint difference. Stratus versus cumulus clouds.

Test data indicate that ice, snow, or frost having a thickness and roughness similar to medium or coarse sandpaper on the leading edge and upper surface of a wing can. Reduce lift by as much as 40 percent and increase drag by 30 percent. Increase drag and reduce lift by as much as 40 percent. Reduce lift by as much as 30 percent and increase drag by 40 percent.

A clear area in a line of thunderstorm echoes on a radar scope indicates. The absence of clouds in the area. An area of no convective turbulence. An area where precipitation drops are not detected.

A prognostic chart depicts the conditions. Existing at the surface during the past 6 hours. Which presently exist from the 1,000-milibar through the 700-milibar level. Forecast to exist at a specific time in the future.

Precipitation induced fog. Results from relatively warm rain or drizzle falling through cooler air. Results from relatively cooler rain or drizzle falling through warmer air. Is usually of short duration.

An aircraft that ecnounters a headwind of 45 knots, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of. 40 knots. 80 knots. 90 knots.

Convective clouds which penetrate a stratus layer can produce which threat to instrument flight?. Freezing rain. Clear air turbulence. Embedded thunderstorms.

The adverse effects of ice, snow, or frost on aircraft performance and flight characteristics include decreased lift and. Increased thrust. A decreased stall speed. An increased stall speed.

Middle clouds are considered to be the clouds between. 4,500 feet to 18,000 feet. 6,500 feet to 23,000 feet. 8,500 feet to 25,000 feet.

Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?. Squall line. Advective fog. Frontogenesis.

What is a difference between an air mass thunderstorm and a steady-state thunderstorm?. Air mass thunderstorms produce precipitation which falls outside of the updraft. Air mass thunderstorm downdraft and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts. Steady-state thunderstorms are associated with local surface heating.

On the constant pressure analysis chart, aircraft and satellite observations are used in the analysis over areas of sparse data. An aircraft observation is plotted using. A station circle at the aircraft location. A square at the aircraft location. A star at the aircraft location.

When does minimum temperature normally occur during a 24-hour period?. After sunrise. About 1 hour before sunrise. At midnight.

METAR KIFSO 031053Z VRB02KT 7SM MIFG SKC 15/14 A3012 RMK SLP993 6///// T01500139 56012 In the above METAR, the SLP993 6//// indicates. Sea-level pressure 999.3 hectopascals which in the last 6 hours has dropped .4 hectopascals. Sea-level pressure 999.3 hectopascals and an indeterminable amount of precipitation has occurred over the last 3 hours. Sea-level pressure 999.3 hectopascals and in the last 6 hours that four-tenths of an inch of precipitation has fallen.

(Refer to Figure 152.) What weather conditions are depicted in the area indicated by arrow A on the Radar Summary Chart?. Moderate to strong echoes; echo tops 30,000 feet MSL; line movement toward the northwest. Weak to moderate echoes; average echo bases 30,000 feet MSL; cell movement toward the southeast; rain showers with thunder. Strong to very strong echoes; echo tops 30,000 feet MSL; thunderstorms and rain showers.

Which weather condition is present when the tropical storm is upgrade to a hurricane?. Highest windspeed, 100 knots or more. A clear area or hurricane eye has formed. Sustained winds of 65 knots or more.

(Refer to Figures 153 through 155.) What is the relative moisture content of the air mass approaching the California coast?. Dry. Moist enough for condensation. Very wet with high potential for clouds and precipitation.

What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?. Maximum winds and narrow wind shear zones. Abrupt temperature increase above the tropopause. Thin layer of cirrus (ice crystal) clouds at the tropopause level.

(Refer to Figure 136.) What method was used to obtain the METAR at Tyler (KTYR) at 1753Z?. Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), having a precipitation discriminator. Automatic Meteorological Observing Station (AMOS), with a precipitation discriminator. Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), without precipitation discriminator.

Why are downdrafts in a mature thunderstorm hazardous?. Downdrafts are kept cool by cold rain which tends to accelerate the downdraft velocity. Downdrafts coverage toward a central location under the storm after striking the surface. Downdrafts become warmer than the surrounding air and reverse into an updraft before reaching the surface.

Freezing rain encountered during climb is normally evidence that. A climb can be made to a higher altitude without encountering more than light icing. A layer of warmer air exists above. Ice pellets at higher altitudes have changed to rain in the warmer air below.

The practice developed and accepted by the North American air carrier industry using traditional North American fluids is to ensure that the freeze point of the remaining film is below ambient temperature by at least. 10ºF. 20ºF. 20ºC.

Which of the following weather conditions are conducive to in-flight icing?. Visible rain with temperatures below 0 degrees C. Visible rain with temperatures below 10 degrees C. Visible rain with temperatures below 5 degrees C.

Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?. Upper winds blowing across the front. Upper low located directly over the surface low. The cold front overtaking and lifting the warm front.

(Refer to Figure 145.) What type of report is listed for Lubbock (KLBB) at 1818Z?. An Aviation selected special weather report. A special report concerning very low station pressure. A special METAR weather observation, concerning significant weather changes.

A strong wind shear can be expected. On the low pressure side of a 100-knot jetstream core. Where the horizontal wind shear is 15 knots, in a distance equal to 2.5º longitude. If the 5ºC isotherms are spaced 100 NM or closer together.

Large areas of land. Tend to increase temperature variations. Do not influence the troposphere. Minimize temperature variations.

The Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) is a continuous broadcast over selected VORs of. SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs, AIRMETs, Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW), and Center Weather Advisories (CWA). SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs, AIRMETs, Wind Shear Advisories, and Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW). Wind Shear Advisories, Radar Weather Reports, SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs, AIRMETs, and Center Weather Advisories (CWA).

(Refer to Figure 153.) What type weather system is approaching the California Coast from the west?. LOW. HIGH. Cold front.

Which conditions result in the formation of frost?. The temperature of the collecting surface is at or below freezing and small droplets of moisture are falling. Dew collects on the surface and then freezes because the surface temperature is lower than the air temperature. Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dewpoint and the dewpoint is also below freezing.

The rate of decrease in wind speed from the jet stream core is considerably greater on the. Equatorial side. Polar side. Acute angle side.

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?. Two minutes with maximum winds lasting approximately 1 minute. One microburst may continue for as long as 2 to 4 hours. Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation.

The symbol ($) at the end of the following METAR indicates that METAR KFSM 131756 AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV04 06/05 A2989 RMK A02 $. The latest information is transmitted over a discrete VHF frequency at KFSM. The latest information is broadcast on the voice portion of a local navaid at KFSM. Maintenance is needed on the system.

Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as. 1,000 miles or more downstream of the mountain. 5,000 feet above the tropopause. 100 miles or more upwind of the mountain.

The following weather condition may be conducive to severe in-flight icing: Visible rain at temperatures below 0ºC ambient air temperature. Visible moisture at temperatures below 5ºC ambient temperature. Visible rain at temperatures below 10ºC ambient air temperature.

Isobars on a surface weather chart represent lines of equal pressure. At the surface. Reduced to sea level. At a given atmospheric pressure altitude.

(Refer to Figure 152.) What weather conditions are depicted in the area indicated by arrow C on the Radar Summary Chart?. Average echo bases 2,800 feet MSL; thundershowers; intense to extreme echo intensity. Cell movement toward the northwest at 20 knots; intense echoes; echo bases 28,000 feet MSL. Area movement toward the northeast at 20 knots; strong to very strong echoes; echo tops 28,000 feet MSL.

When saturated air moves downhill, its temperature increases. At a faster rate than dry air because of the release of latent heat. At a slower rate than dry air because vaporization uses heat. At a slower rate than dry air because condensation releases heat.

What is the effect of Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluid residue on engine fan or compressor blades?. Could cause FPD vapors to enter the aircraft but would have no affect on engine thrust or power. It can increase performance and cause stalls or surges. It can reduce engine performance and cause surging and/or compressor stalls.

Which condition produces weather on the lee side of a large lake?. Warm air flowing over a colder lake may produce fog. Cold air flowing over a warmer lake may produce advection fog. Warm air flowing over a cool lake may produce rain showers.

Which artic flying hazard id caused when a cloud layer of uniform thickness overlies a snow or ice covered surface?. Ice fog. Whiteout. Blowing snow.

Which of the following will decrease the holding time during anti-icing using a two-step process?. Apply heated Type 2 fluid. Decrease the water content. Increase the viscosity of Type 1 fluid.

At what time are current AIRMETs broadcast in their entirety by the Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS)?. 15 and 45 minutes after the hour during the first hour after issuance, and upon receipt. Every 15 minutes until the AIRMET is canceled. There is a continuous broadcast over selected VORs of Inflight Weather Advisories.

Which action is recommended regarding an altitude change to get out of jetstream turbulence?. Descend if ambient temperature is falling. Descend if ambient temperature is rising. Maintain altitude if ambient temperature is not changing.

The threshold wind speed in the jet stream for clear air turbulence is generally considered to be. 100 kts. 110 kts. 120 kts.

(Refer to Figure 145.) What condition is reported at Childress (KCDS)?. Light rain showers. Heavy rain showers began 42 minutes after the hour. The ceiling is solid overcast at an estimated 1,800 feet above sea level.

The Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) recordings are provided by selected Automated Flight Service Stations and. Are updated on the hour. Are designed to replace the standard briefing given by a flight service specialist. Contain area briefings encompassing a 50 NM radius.

(Refer to Figure 151.) The chart symbols over southern California on the 12-Hour Significant Weather Prognostic Chart indicate. Expected top of moderate turbulent layer to be 12,000 feet MSL. Expected base of moderate turbulent layer to be 12,000 feet MSL. Light turbulence expected above 12,000 feet MSL.

(Refer to Figures 153,154, and 155.) Interpret the path of the jetstream. Southern California, Nevada, Utah, Nebraska/Kansas, and then southeastward. Oregon, Idaho, Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, and across the Great Lakes. The Alaska area, across Canada to Montana, South Dakota, then across the Great Lakes Area.

What is a feature of air movement in a high pressure area?. Ascending from the surface high to lower pressure at higher altitudes. Descending to the surface and then outward. Moving outward from the high at high altitudes and into the high at the surface.

Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms and some contain isotachs. The contours depict. Ridges, lows, troughs and highs aloft. Highs, lows, troughs, and ridges on the surface. Highs, lows, troughs, and ridges corrected to MSL.

(Refer to Figures 153, 154, and 155.) What type weather is inferred by the almost vertical extent of the LOW in Canada?. A rapid moving system with little chance of developing cloudiness, precipitation, and adverse flying conditions. A slow-moving storm which may cause extensive and persistent cloudiness, precipitation, and generally adverse flying weather. A rapid-moving storm, leaning to west with altitude, which encourages line squalls ahead of the system with a potential of severe weather.

Which is a definition of 'severe wind shear'?. Any rapid change of horizontal wind shear in excess of 25 knots; vertical shear expected. Any rapid change in wind direction or velocity which causes airspeed changes greater than 15 knots or vertical speed changes greater than 500 ft/min. Any change of airspeed greater than 20 knots which is sustained for more than 20 seconds or vertical speed changes in excess of 100 ft/min.

A PROB40 (Probability) HHhh group in an International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) indicates the probability of. Thunderstorms or other precipitation. Precipitation or low visibility. Thunderstorms or high wind.

What weather is predicted by the term VCTS in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast?. Thunderstorms are expected in the vicinity. Thunderstorms may occur over the station and within 50 miles of the station. Thunderstorms are expected between 5 and 25 miles of the runway complex.

What term describes an elongated area of low pressure?. Trough. Ridge. Hurricane or typhoon.

(Refer to Figure 149.) What will be the wind and temperature trend for an SAT ELP TUS flight at 16,000 feet?. Temperature decrease slightly. Windspeed decrease. Wind direction shift from southwest to east.

(Refer to Figure 155.) What areas does the jet stream overlie?. South of the high pressure system located in Texas. Southern California and central Nevada. South of the low pressure system in Canada.

At lower levels of the atmosphere, friction causes the wind to flow across isobars into a low because the friction. Decreases windspeed and Coriolis force. Decreases pressure gradient force. Creates air turbulence and raises atmospheric pressure.

Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence is encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?. Increase airspeed to get out of the area quickly. Change course to fly on the polar side of the jetstream. Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area.

KFTW UA/OV DFW/TM 1645/FL100/TP PA30/SK SCT031-TOP043/BKN060-TOP085/OVC097-TOPUNKN/WX FV00SM RA/TA 07. This pilot report to Fort Worth (KFTW) indicates. The aircraft is in light rain. That the top of the ceiling is 4,300 feet. The ceiling at KDFW is 6,000 feet.

Which type clouds are indicative of very strong turbulence?. Nimbostratus. Standing lenticular. Cirrocumulus.

In the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF), a variable wind direction is noted by 'VRB' where the three digit direction usually appears. A calm wind appears in the TAF as. 00003KT. VRB00KT. 00000KT.

In this METAR excerpt, "SLP993 SNINCR 1/10" means. 0.1 inch snow on the runway land zone during the last hour. 1" of snow in the last 10 hours. There is a 10" of snow on the ground with a 1" increase in the last hour.

(Refer to Figure 148.) Which system in the Convective SIGMET listing has the potential of producing the most severe storm?. The storms in Texas and Oklahoma. The storms in Colorado, Kansas, and Oklahoma. The isolated storm 50 miles northeast of Memphis (MEM).

What is a likely location of a clear air turbulences?. In an upper trough on the pilar side of a jetstream. Near a ridge aloft on the equatorial side of a high pressure flow. Downstream of the equatorial side of a jetstream.

If a sample of air is forced upward and it is colder than the surrounding air, it. Sinks until it reaches denser air. Gets energy from surrounding air and remains in place. Warms from the surrounding air and rises to expansion.

What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?. Beginning of rain at the surface. Frequent lighting. Continuous updraft.