Meteorology and Weather Services

What feature is associated with a temperature inversion?. A stable layer of air. N/A. N/A.

Low pressure areas are areas of. ascending air. N/A. N/A.

An aircraft that encounters a headwind of 45 knots, within a microburst, may expect a total shear across the microburst of. 90 knots. N/A. N/A.

What condition is necessary for the formation of structural icing in flight?. Visible water. N/A. N/A.

Forecast winds and temperatures aloft for an international flight may be obtained by consulting. Wind and Temperature Aloft Charts prepared by the U.S. National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP). N/A. N/A.

Where is a common location for an inversion?. In the stratosphere. N/A. N/A.

What is the approximate rate unsaturated air will cool flowing upslope?. 3°C per 1,000 feet. N/A. N/A.

Which INITIAL flight deck indications should a pilot be aware of when a constant tailwind shears to a calm wind?. Altitude, pitch, and indicated airspeed increase. N/A. N/A.

Which condition would INITIALLY cause the indicated airspeed and pitch to increase and the sink rate to decrease?. Sudden increase in a headwind component. N/A. N/A.

What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 4?. Strong tailwind. N/A. N/A.

Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as. 6,000 ft/min. N/A. N/A.

What weather condition occurs at the altitude where the dewpoint lapse rate and the dry adiabatic lapse rate converge?. Cloud bases form. N/A. N/A.

What type of report is listed for Lubbock (KLBB) at 1818Z?. An Aviation selected special weather report. N/A. N/A.

Which weather phenomenom signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?. The start of rain at the surface. N/A. N/A.

The purpose of diluting ethylene glycol deicing fluid with water in non-precipitation conditions is to. decrease the freeze point. N/A. N/A.

Which of the following will decrease the holding time durng anti-icing using two-step process?. Apply heated Type II fluid. N/A. N/A.

Which conditions are necessary for the formation of upslope fog?. Moist, stable air being moved over gradually rising ground by a wind. N/A. N/A.

Steep frontal surfaces are usually associated with. fast moving cold front. N/A. N/A.

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst?. Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation. N/A. N/A.

Under what conditions would clear air turbulence (CAT) most likely be encountered?. When constant pressure charts show 20-knot isotachs less than 150 NM apart. N/A. N/A.

Which airplane performance characteristics should be recognized during takeoff when encountering a tailwind shear that increases in intensity?. Loss of, or diminished, airspeed performance. N/A. N/A.

In this METAR excerpt, "SLP993 SNINCR 1/10" means. there is 10" of snow on the ground with a 1" increase in the last hour. N/A. N/A.

Which is an effect on ice, snow, or frost formation on an airplane?. Decreased angle of attack for stalls. N/A. N/A.

What is the forecast wind direction, speed, and temperature over ELY at 30,000 feet?. 220 degrees, 35 knots, -33 degrees C. N/A. N/A.

Anti-icing fluid should provide freezing point protection to. a freezing point no greater than 20°F below the ambient or airplane surface temperature. N/A. N/A.

What information from the control tower is indicated by the following transmission? ´SOUTH BOUNDARY WIND ONE SIX ZERO AT TWO FIVE, WEST BOUNDARY WIND TWO FOUR ZERO AT THREE FIVE´. There is a possibility of wind shear over or near the airport. N/A. N/A.

If a sample of air is forced upward and it is colder than the surrounding air, it. sinks until it reaches denser air. N/A. N/A.

Maximum turbulence potential charts (CTG-2) are issued. hourly. N/A. N/A.

A cyclone is. a hurricane force storm in the Indian Ocean. N/A. N/A.

Which action is recommended if jetstream turbulence is encountered with a direct headwind or tailwind?. Change altitude or course to avoid a possible elongated turbulent area. N/A. N/A.

When flying in the rain and an air temperature of 1°C, a pilot should. be aware of the possibility of airframe icing. N/A. N/A.

Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluids used for deicing. are intended to provide ice protection on the ground only. N/A. N/A.

What is a likely location of clear air turbulence?. In an upper trough on the polar side of a jetstream. N/A. N/A.

What is an important characteristic of wind shear?. It may be associated with either a wind shift or a windspeed gradient at any level in the atmosphere. N/A. N/A.

METAR KHRO 131753Z 09007KT 7SM FEW020 BKN040 30/27 A3001. SPECI KHRO 131815Z 13017G26KT 3SM +TSRA SCT020 BKN045TCU 29/24 A2983 RMK RAB12 WS TKO LDG RW14R FRQ LTGICCG VC. What change has taken place between 1753 and 1815 UTC at Harrison (KHRO)?. Thundershowers began at 12 minutes past the hour. N/A. N/A.

When saturated air moves downhill, its temperature increases. at a slower rate than dry air because vaporization uses heat. N/A. N/A.

In the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF), a variable wind direction is noted by ´VRB´ where the three digit direction usually appears. A calm wind appears in the TAF as. 00000KT. N/A. N/A.

KFTW UA/OV DFW/TM 1645/FL100/TP PA30/SK SCT031-TOP043/BKN060-TOP085/OVC097-TOPUNKN/WX FV00SM RA/TA 07. This pilot report to Fort Worth (KFTW) indicates. the ceiling at KDFW is 6,000 feet. N/A. N/A.

METAR KFSO 0300856Z VRB02KT 7SM MIFG SKC 15/14 A3012 RMK SLP993 6///// T01500139 56012 In the above METAR, the SLP993 6///// indicates. sea-level pressure 993.6 hectopascals and that an indeterminable amount of precipitation has ocurred over the last 3 hours. N/A. N/A.

What is the lowest cloud in the stationary group associated with a mountain wave?. Rotor cloud. N/A. N/A.

What action is required prior to takeoff if snow is adhering to the wings of an air carrier airplane?. Assure that the snow is removed from the airplane. N/A. N/A.

At lower levels of the atmosphere, friction causes the wind to flow across isobars into a low because the friction. decreases windspeed and Coriolis force. N/A. N/A.

Precipitation induced fog. results from relatively warm rain or drizzle falling through cooler air. N/A. N/A.

Convective clouds which penetrate a stratus layer can produce which threat to instrument flight?. Embedded thunderstorms. N/A. N/A.

How are haze layers cleared or dispersed?. By wind or the movement of air. N/A. N/A.

Adiabatic warming is also described as. compressional heating. N/A. N/A.

Which weather condition is present when the tropical storm is upgraded to a hurricane?. Sustained winds of 65 knots or more. N/A. N/A.

A severe thunderstorm is one in which the surface wind is. 58 mph or greater and/or surface hail is 3/4 inch or more in diameter. N/A. N/A.

What is a feature of a stationary front?. Surface winds tend to flow parallel to the frontal zone. N/A. N/A.

Maximum downdrafts in a microburst encounter may be as strong as (2). 6,000 ft/min. N/A. N/A.

What condition is reported at Childress (KCDS)?. Light rain showers. N/A. N/A.

How will the aircraft in position 4 be affected by a microburst encounter?. Performance decreasing with a tailwind and downdraft. N/A. N/A.

What will be th wind and temperature trend for an STL MEM MSY flight at FL330?. Windspeed decrease. N/A. N/A.

A PROB40 (PROBability) HHhh group in an International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) indicates the probability of. thunderstorms or other precipitation. N/A. N/A.

Which primary source contains information regarding the expected weather at the destination airport, at the ETA?. Terminal Aerodrome Forecast. N/A. N/A.

When penetrating a microburst, which aircraft will experience an increase in performance without a change in pitch and power?. 1. N/A. N/A.

What wind direction and speed aloft are forecast by this WINDS AND TEMPERATURE ALOFT FORECAST (FD) for FL390 - ´731960´?. 230° at 119 knots. N/A. N/A.

What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?. Continuous updraft. N/A. N/A.

What weather feature occurs at altitude levels near the tropopause?. Maximum winds and narrow wind shear zones. N/A. N/A.

The tropopause is generally found when the free air temperatures are. between -55 degC and -65degC. N/A. N/A.

What type turbulence should be reported when it momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude, one-third to two-thirs of the time?. Intermittent light turbulence. N/A. N/A.

What weather difference is found on each side of a ´dry line´?. Dewpoint difference. N/A. N/A.

What type turbulence should be reported when it causes changes in altitude and/or attitude more than two-thirds of the time, with the aicraft remaining in positive control at all times?. Continuous moderate turbulence. N/A. N/A.

Volcanic Ash Advisory charts are updated every. 6 hours. N/A. N/A.

Which type cloud is associated with violent turbulence and a tendency toward the production of funnel clouds?. Cumulonimbus mammatus. N/A. N/A.

What is the expected duration of an individual microburst? (2). Seldom longer than 15 minutes from the time the burst strikes the ground until dissipation. N/A. N/A.

Which atmospheric factor causes rapid movement of surface fronts?. Upper winds blowing across the front. N/A. N/A.

Which condition is present when a local parcel of air is stable?. The parcel of air resists convection. N/A. N/A.

Clear ice generally forms in outside temperature ranges of. 0 to -10 deg C. N/A. N/A.

A squall is a sudden increase of at least 15 knots in average wind speed to a sustained speed of. 20 knots or more for at least 1 minute. N/A. N/A.

Which weather condition is an example of a nonfrontal instability band?. Squall line. N/A. N/A.

What will be the wind and temperature trend for an SAT ELP TUS flight at 16,000 feet?. Wind direction shift from southwest to east. N/A. N/A.

What is a difference between an air mass thunderstorm and a steady-state thunderstorm?. Air mass thunderstorm downdrafts and precipitation retard and reverse the updrafts. N/A. N/A.

Doppler wind measurements indicate that the windspeed change a pilot may expect when flying through the peak intensity of a microburst is approximately. 45 knots. N/A. N/A.

Jet streams are strongest during which season in the Northern Hemisphere?. Winter. N/A. N/A.

The threshold wind speed in the jet stream for clear air turbulence is generally considered to be. 110 kts. N/A. N/A.

The rate of decrease in wind speed from the jet stream core is considerably greater on the. polar side. N/A. N/A.

Which condition produces weather on the lee side of a large lake?. Warm air flowing over a colder lake may produce fog. N/A. N/A.

Which type wind flows downslope becoming warmer and dryer?. Katabatic wind. N/A. N/A.

A jet stream is a narrow, shallow, meandering river of maximum winds extending around the globe in a wavelike pattern with speeds of. 50 knots or greater. N/A. N/A.

Which conditions result in the formation of frost?. Temperature of the collecting surface is below the dewpoint and the dewpoint is also below freezing. N/A. N/A.

The horizontal wind shear, critical for turbulence (moderate or greater) per 150 miles is. greater than 18 knots. N/A. N/A.

Which type weather conditions are covered in the Convective SIGMET?. Embedded thunderstorms, lines of thunderstorms, and thunderstorms with 3/4-inch hail or tornadoes. N/A. N/A.

Which arctic flying hazard is caused when a cloud layer of uniform thickness overlies a snow or ice covered surface?. Whiteout. N/A. N/A.

When will frost most likely form on aircraft surfaces?. On clear nights with stable air and light winds. N/A. N/A.

A strong wind shear can be expected. on the low pressure side of a 100-knot jetstream core. N/A. N/A.

Constant Pressure Analysis Charts contain contours, isotherms and some contain isotachs. The contours depict. ridges, lows, throughs and highs aloft. N/A. N/A.

What method was used to obtain the METAR at Tyler (KTYR) at 1753Z?. Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), having precipitation discriminator. N/A. N/A.

Which INITIAL flight deck indications should a pilot be aware of when a headwind shears to a calm wind?. Indicated airspeed decreases, aircraft pitches down, and altitude decreases. N/A. N/A.

You are planning to arrive at the KHOU airport at 0900Z, what conditions can be expected as indicated by this TAF: KHOU 151720Z 1518/1618 22009KT P6SM SCT030 SCT250 FM160000 18005KT P6SM BKN050 BKN120 FM160600 21007KY P6SM VCSH SCT025 BK200 FM160900 34010KT P6SM VCTS BKN035CB BKN250. Thundestorm activity 5 to 10 miles from the airport´s runway complex. N/A. N/A.

Why are downdrafts in a mature thunderstorm hazardous?. Downdrafts are kept cool by cold rain which tends to accelerate the downward velocity. N/A. N/A.

Which wind-shear condition results in an increase in airspeed?. Decreasing tailwind and increasing headwind. N/A. N/A.

The VV001 in the following METAR indicates METAR KFSM 131756Z AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV001 A2989 RMK AO2 VIS 3/4 RWY19 CHINO RWY19 $. a 100 foot indefinite ceiling. N/A. N/A.

The prevailing visibility in the following METAR is METAR KFSM 131756Z AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV004 06/05 A2989 RMK AO2 $. less than 1/4 statute mile. N/A. N/A.

What should the deice/anti-ice fluid temperature be during the last step of a two-phase process?. Cold. N/A. N/A.

Wat sources reflect the most accurate information on current and forecast icing conditions?. AIRMET Zulu. N/A. N/A.

What weather is predicted by the term VCTS in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast?. Thunderstorms are expected in the vicinity. N/A. N/A.

A steady state thunderstorms is associated with. weather systems. N/A. N/A.

During an IFR cross-country flight you picked up rime icing which you estimate is 1/2" thick on the leading edge of the wings. You are now below the clouds at 2,000 feet AGL and are approaching your destination airport under VFR. Visibility under the clouds is more than 10 miles, winds at the destination airport are 8 knots right down the runway, and the surface temperature is 3°C. You decide to. use a faster than normal approach and landing speed. N/A. N/A.

Which type of weather can only be directly observed during flight and then reported in a PIREP?. Turbulence and structural icing. N/A. N/A.

The symbol ($) at the end of the following METAR indicates that METAR KFSM 131756Z AUTO 00000KT M1/4SM R25/0600V1000FT -RA FG VV004 06/05 A2989 RMK AO2 $. maintenance is needed on the system. N/A. N/A.

What is a characteristic of the troposphere?. There is an overall decrease of temperature with an increase of altitude. N/A. N/A.

What is the general direction of movement of a hurricane located in the Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico region?. Norhtwesterly curving to northeasterly. N/A. N/A.

Frozen dew is. hard and transparent. N/A. N/A.

Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluids are highly soluble in water; however,. ice is slow to absorb it, and to melt when in contact with it. N/A. N/A.

A calm wind that is forecast, in the International Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF), is encoded as. 00000KT. N/A. N/A.

What is indicated by the following report? TYR UUA/OV TYR180015/TM 1757/FL310/TP B737/TB MOD SEV CAT 350-390. An urgent pilot report for moderate to severe clear air turbulence. N/A. N/A.

Which area or areas of the Northern Hemisphere experience a generally east to west movement of weather systems?. Arctic and subtropical. N/A. N/A.

In which meteorological conditions can frontal waves and low pressure areas form?. Slow-moving cold fronts and stationary fronts. N/A. N/A.

Temperature and radiation variations over land with a clear sky tipically lead to. incoming terrestrial radiation peaking at noon. N/A. N/A.

Which type jestream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?. A cruving jetstream associated with a deep low pressure trough. N/A. N/A.

Which procedure increases holding time when deicing/anti-icing an airplane using a two-step process?. Heated Type I fluid followed by cold Type II fluid. N/A. N/A.

What will be the wind and temperature trend for a DSM LIT SHV flight at 12,000 feet?. Windspeed decrease. N/A. N/A.

Where can the maxmum hazard zone caused by wind shear associated with a thunderstorm be found?. On all sides and directly under the thunderstorm cell. N/A. N/A.

Shear turbulence from a thunderstorm has been encountered. 20 miles from the severe thunderstorm. N/A. N/A.

Which is a necessary condition for the occurrence of a low-level temperature inversion wind shear?. A calm or light wind near the surface and a relatively strong wind just above the inversion. N/A. N/A.

How can the stability of the atmosphere be determined?. Ambient temperature lapse rate. N/A. N/A.

Clouds with extensive vertical development over mountainous terrain are a sign of. an unstable air mass. N/A. N/A.

Where is the normal location of the jetstream relative to surface lows and fronts?. The jestream is located north of the surface systems. N/A. N/A.

How does Coriolis force affect wind direction in the Southern Hemisphere?. Causes clockwise rotation around a low. N/A. N/A.

Which type of icing is associated with the smallest size of water droplet similar to the found in low-level stratus clouds?. Rime ice. N/A. N/A.

What effect will a microburst encounter have upon the aircraft in position 3?. Strong downdraft. N/A. N/A.

What type turbulence should be reported when it causes slight, rapid, and somewhat rhythmic bumpiness without appreciable changes in attitude or altitude, less than one-third of the time?. Occasional light chop. N/A. N/A.

At which location does Coriolis force have the least effect on wind direction?. At the equator. N/A. N/A.

The peak wind at KAMA was reported to be from 320° true at 39 knots,. which ocurred at 1743Z. N/A. N/A.

Clear air turbulence (CAT) associated with a mountain wave may extend as far as. 5,000 feet above the tropopause. N/A. N/A.

What condition is indicated when ice pellets are encountered during flight?. Freezing rain at higher levels. N/A. N/A.

When high level moisture is available, cirrus clouds form on the. equatorial side of the jet stream. N/A. N/A.

When flying over the top of a severe thunderstorm, the cloud should be overflown by at least. 1,000 feet for each 10 knots windspeed. N/A. N/A.

When does minimum temperature normally occur during a 24-hour period?. After sunrise. N/A. N/A.

Thrust is being managed to maintain desired indicated airspeed and the glide slope is being flown. Which characteristics should be observed when a tailwind shears to a constant headwind?. PITCH ATTITUDE: Increases. VERTICAL SPEED: Decreases. INDICATED AIRSPEED: Increases, then decreases. N/A. N/A.

You are approaching an airport to land in 20 minutes. The METAR reports temperature 10 degrees C, dew point 10 degrees C, winds 310/04, scattered clouds and rain. You expect. radiation fog. N/A. N/A.

Which type clouds are indicative of very strong turbulence?. Standing lenticular. N/A. N/A.

What hazard should you expect for a morning departure from KPDX, based on this METAR? KPDX 271154Z 00000KT 9SM CLR -10/-10 A2979. Frost on the aircraft. N/A. N/A.

What condition is reported at Dallas (KDAL)?. Altimeter setting is 30.07. N/A. N/A.

Which feature is associated with the tropopause?. Abrupt change of temperature lapse rate. N/A. N/A.

A station is forecasting wind and temperature aloft to be 280° at 205 knots, temperature -51°C at FL390. How would this data be encoded in the FB?. 789951. N/A. N/A.

Which weather condition is defined as an anti-cyclone?. High pressure area. N/A. N/A.

Large areas of land. tend to increase temperature variations. N/A. N/A.

Which event usually occurs after an aircraft passes through a front into the colder air?. Atmospheric pressure increases. N/A. N/A.

What is the recommended technique to counter the loss of airspeed and resultant lift from wind shear?. Maintain, or increase, pitch attitude and accept the lower-than-normal airspeed indications. N/A. N/A.

Which type precipitation is an indication that supercooled water is present?. Freezing rain. N/A. N/A.

Which system in the Convective SIGMET listing has the potential of producing the most severe storm?. The isolated storm 50 miles northeast of Memphis (MEM). N/A. N/A.

Embedded thunderstorms, which can be hazardous during instrument flight, are most likely to occur. in a warm front occlusion. N/A. N/A.

What is indicated about an air mass if the temperature remains unchanged or decreases slightly as altitude is increased?. The air is stable. N/A. N/A.