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1. Which statement best defines True North?. a. The direction of the great circle to the meridian convergence point. b. The direction indicated by a properly compensated magnetic compass. c. The direction along a meridian towards the geographic. North Pole. d. The direction perpendicular to the equator at any longitude.

2. Parallels of latitude are: a. Great circles except the Equator. b. Small circles, except the Equator which is a great circle. c. Great circles only above 60º. d. Rhumb lines with constant course.

3. A rhumb line (loxodrome) is a curve that: a. Crosses all meridians at the same angle. b. Always gives the shortest distance. c. Passes through both poles. d. Is a small circle with constant radius.

4. Which statement is true about meridians: a. Meridians have East-West direction. b. Only some meridians are great circles. c. The meridians range from 0º to 180º latitude. d. Meridians cut the Equator at right angles.

5. The radius of the Earth is approximately: a. 3200 NM. b. 3443 NM. c. 3636 NM. d. 6886 NM.

6. One Nautical Mile is approximately: a. 1,612 km. b. 0,852 km. c. 1,685 km. d. 1852 m.

7. What is the angular distance (ch long) between 40º00'E and 41º45'E at 45ºN of latitude?. a. 145'. b. 145 NM. c. 105 NM. d. 105'.

8. What is the distance over surface (departure) between 40º00'E and 41º45'E at 45ºN of latitude?. a. 74 NM. b. 105 NM. c. 145 NM. d. 90 NM.

9. Which statement is true about Variation: a. It is the angular difference between heading and the True North at any given pint. b. It is the angular difference between magnetic north and the true north. It is constant at any point. c. It is the angular difference between magnetic north and the true north at any given pint. It changes over time. d. It is the angular difference between magnetic north and the true north. It measures in degrees N or S.

10. What is the angular distance (ch lat) from A: 33º47'N to B: 23º55'S. Both points are on the same meridian?. a. 57º42'N. b. 57º42'S. c. 36º35'S. d. 47º42'N.

11. What is the shortest distance between Tokyo (35º57'N 135º35'E) and Rio de Janeriro (22º10'S 044º25'W)?. a. 8776 NM. b. 9208 NM. c. 9973 NM. d. 9683 NM.

12. If the aircraft is heading 140ºT and the variation is 8ºE, what is the magnetic heading?. a. 148ºM. b. 132ºM. c. 148ºT. d. None of the above.

13. If the aircraft magenitc heading is 330ºM and the compass heading is 332ºC, what is the deviation?. a. 4ºW. b. 4ºE. c. 2ºE. d. 2ºW.

14. If the aircraft magnetic heading is 258º, variation is 17ºE and deviation 3ºW. What is the true heading and compass heading?. a. TH:261º and CH: 275º. b. TH: 255º and CH: 241º. c. TH: 241º and CH: 255º. d. TH: 275º and CH: 261º.

15. If the aircraft true heading is 001º, variation is 5ºE and deviation 5ºW. What is the magnetic heading and compass heading?. a. MH: 006º and CH: 011º. b. MH: 001º and CH: 006º. c. MH: 356º and CH: 001º. d. MH: 006º and CH: 356º.

16. The runway in service in LELC is RWY 05. The reported wind by Tower is 350º/23kts. What is the crosswind component?. a. 20 kts. b. 10 kts. c. 15 kts. d. 17 kts.

17. Which statement is true about Drift: a. It is the difference between heading and track. b. It is the difference between true heading and magnetic heading. c. It is the difference between magnetic heading compass heading. d. It is the difference between actual track an planned track.

18. The runway in service in LELC is RWY23. The reported wind by Tower is 200º/18 kts. What is the crosswind component?. a. 18 kts. b. 9 kts. c. 15 kts. d. 5 kts.

19. The runway in service in LELC is RWY23. The reported wind by Tower is 200/18 kts. What is the heading/tailwind component?. a. 9 kts tailwind. b. 9 kts headwind. c. 16 kts tailwind. d. 16 kts headwind.

20. An aircraft is cleared for take-off in LELC in RWY 05R. The tower reported wind from 190º/15 kts. The aircraft limitations allow a maximum tailwind component for take-off of 10 kts. Can the aircraft departure from LELC at that moment?. a. Yes, tailwind is below the limits. b. No, tailwind is out of the limits. c. Tailwind does not affect for take-off. d. Can not be determined.

21. The aircraft true heading is 185º. Calculate the actual true track if the drift angle is 11º left. a. 196º. b. 174º. c. 207º. d. 163º.

22. The aircraft true heading is 350º. Calculate the actual true track if the drift angle is 23º right. a. 317º. b. 327º. c. 013º. d. 023º.

23. Which statement is true about 60:1 Rule: a. It is not an important rule in aviation and is used only in very specific situations. b. One minute of error along a 60NM track, generates a 1 NM lateral deviation from planned track. c. One degree of error along a 600 NM track, generates a 10 NM lateral deviation from planned track. d. One degree of error along a 60 NM track, generates a 1 NM lateral deviation from planned track.

24. Distance from A to B is 180 NM. After 90 NM, the aircraft is 7 NM to the right of course. What heading alteration should be made in order to fly directly to pint B?. a. 4ºR. b. 4ºL. c. 9ºR. d. 9ºL.

25. Distance from A to B is 250 NM. After 90 NM, the aircraft is 7 NM to the right of course. What heading alteration should be made in order to fly directly to pint B?. a. 7ºL. b. 9ºL. c. 7ºR. d. 9ºR.

26. Distance from A to B is 120 NM. After 30 NM down the route, the aircraft is 3 NM to the left of course. What heading alteration should be made in order to fly directly to pint B?. a. 6º R. b. 6º L. c. 2º R. d. 8º R.

27. A planned route has a true course of 072º and the calculated true heading is 077º. After 31 minutes flying enroute, a fix is overflown which is 52 NM away from the departure point and 7NM left of the planned course line. Find the average drift angle. a. 8º R. b. 8º L. c. 13º L. d. 5º R.

28. The shortest distance between two points on the Earth's surface lies long: a. A rhumb line. b. A great circle. c. A parallel. d. A small circle.

29. One degree of angular change in the same meridian (ch lat), correspond in the Earth's surface to: a. 60 NM. b. 1 NM. c. 6 NM. d. 1 km.

30. What statement is true about Convergence?. a. It is the angle of inclination of meridians towards one another. b. It is the difference between initial and final direction of a great circle. c. Convergence on Equator is cero. d. All of above are true.

31. Conversion angle is: a. The difference between initial and final direction of a great circle. b. The difference between track and rhumb line. c. The difference between great circle direction and rhumb line direction. d. None of the above.

32. A (40º00'N 002º00'W) and B (60º00'N 011º00'E). What is the convergence between both points?. a. 3º. b. 5º. c. 8º. d. 10º.

33. An aircraft follows a great circle from (A) 60ºS 175ºE to (B) 50ºS XXº. The initial bearing at (A) is 095º (T) and final at (B) 070º (T). What is the approximate longitude of the route at (B)?. a. 154º 29'W. b. 154º 29'E. c. 144º 29'W. d. 205º 31' E.

34. If a Great Circle has an eastbound track, the direction along the Great Circle will: a. Increase in north hemisphere. b. Decrease in south hemisphere. c. Remain constant along the Great Circle. d. A and B are true.

35. The initial great circle track from A to B is 280º and the rhumb line track is 285º. What is the initial great track from B to A?. a. 290º. b. 110º. c. 10º. d. 5º.

36. The initial great circle track from A to B is 095º and the rhumb line track is 085º. In which hemisphere are the two pints?. a. There is not enough data to answer the question. b. North hemisphere. c. South hemisphere. d. It depends on the type of plane you are flying.

37. A is N55º E/W000º, B is N54º E010º, if the initial true great circle track from A to B is 100º (T), what is the true rhumb line track at A?. a. 108º (T). b. 92º (T). c. 104º (T). d. 96º (T).

38. You are flying from A (40ºN 021ºW) to B (58ºN 002ºE). If the initial great circle track is 047º (T), what is the final great circle track?. a. 64º (T). b. 30º (T). c. 50 (T). d. 46º (T).

39. On a Mercator chart, the meridians are represented as: a. Parallel straight lines. b. Converging lines. c. Curves concave to the pole. d. Circles.

40. What type of projection use a Polar Stereographic Chart?. a. Cylindrical projection. b. Plane/Azimuthal projection. c. Conical projection. d. None of the above.

41. A chart is said to be conformal if: a. Distances are preserved. b. Areas are preserved. c. Angles are preserved. d. Scale is constant everywhere.

42. On a Lambert chart, the angle between meridians represents: a. The true convergence of meridians. b. Twice the real convergence. c. No convergence at all. d. The correct convergence at the mean latitude.

43. Mercator chart has a scale of 1:200.000 at 60ºS. What is the scale of the chart at the equator?. a. 1:200.000. b. 1:500:000. c. 1:600.000. d. 1:400.000.

44. Mercator chart has a scale of 1:200.000 at 40ºN. What is the scale of the chart at the equator?. a. 1:261.000. b. 1:428.000. c. 1:311.000. d. 1:400.000.

45. At 45ºN on a mercator chart, a 10cm line represents 100NM. What is the approximate scale of the chart at 30ºS?. a. 1:1.852.00. b. 1:2.268.000. c. 1:1.956.000. d. 1:2.589.000.

46. If the mean Sun moves 121º30' along the equator, that equals: a. 20 hours 10 minutes. b. 9 hours 15 minutes. c. 6 hours 20 minutes. d. 8 hours 06 minutes.

47. The "duration of twilight": a. is independent of the Sun's declination, and only depends on the observer's latitude and longitude. b. will in the period around the equinoxes increase as you approeach the equator from North or South. c. is longer in the morning than in the evening because of the refraction in the atmosphere. d. is generally longer in positions at high latitudes than in positions at lower latitudes.

48. What is the difference between UTC and GMT?. a. UTC is adjusted abruptly at announced time and is hence not practical to use. b. UTC is slightly more accurate than GMT, but the difference between the two is so small that it has no importance in everyday navigation of aircraft. c. All answers above are correct. d. GMT is valid only at the Greenwich meridian and is of no use at other longitudes.

49. The countries having a standard time slow on UTC: a. Will often have an earlier standard date than the UTC date. b. Will generally be located at eastern longitudes. c. Will generally be located at western longitudes. d. Will often experience sunrise earlier than the sunrise Occurs at the Greenwich meridian.

50. 5 hrs 20min 20sec corresponds to a longitude difference of: a. 75º00. b. 80º05. c. 81º10. d. 78º45.