NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 6 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS PRT 2

1. What is the normal arterial blood pH range?. 7.10 - 7.20. 7.25 - 7.30. 7.35 - 7.45. 7.50 - 7.60.

2. Which system acts as the first line of defense in maintaining acid-base balance?. Respiratory system. Renal system. Chemical buffer system. Gastrointestinal system.

3. Chemical buffer systems regulate pH primarily by controlling which ion?. Sodium. Hydrogen. Calcium. Chloride.

4. How quickly do chemical buffers respond to pH changes?. Seconds. Minutes. Hours. Days.

5. Which system is responsible for adjusting CO levels to regulate pH?. Digestive system. Respiratory system. Endocrine system. Immune system.

6. Which brain structure controls respiratory compensation?. Cerebellum. Hypothalamus. Medulla oblongata. Frontal cortex.

7. Hyperventilation typically leads to which acid-base disturbance?. Respiratory acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis.

8. Hypoventilation may lead to: Respiratory acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis.

9. Which organ system provides long-term regulation of acid-base balance?. Respiratory. Nervous. Renal. Digestive.

10. How quickly does renal compensation occur?. Seconds. Minutes. Hours to days. Immediately.

11. During acidosis, the kidneys will: Excrete bicarbonate. Retain hydrogen ions. Excrete hydrogen ions. Stop filtering blood.

12. During alkalosis, the kidneys typically: Retain hydrogen ions. Excrete potassium. Increase acid production. Increase oxygen levels.

13. The chloride shift primarily helps maintain: Blood glucose. Electrical neutrality. Oxygen saturation. Blood pressure.

14. In the chloride shift, when chloride enters a red blood cell, which ion leaves?. Potassium. Sodium. Bicarbonate. Calcium.

15. Which buffer system involves carbonic acid and bicarbonate?. Protein buffer system. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system. Phosphate buffer system. Hemoglobin buffer system.

16. The phosphate buffer system primarily operates in: Blood plasma. Renal tubules. Lungs. Brain tissue.

17. Plasma proteins and hemoglobin function as: Enzymes. Hormones. Buffer systems. Antibodies.

18. In metabolic acidosis, hydrogen ions shift into cells causing: Hypokalemia. Hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia. Hypocalcemia.

19. Why is hyperkalemia dangerous in severe acidosis?. Causes dehydration. Causes cardiac dysrhythmias. Causes hypertension. Causes anemia.

20. In alkalosis, potassium shifts into cells resulting in: Hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia. Hypernatremia. Hypercalcemia.

21. Hypokalemia can lead to which complication?. Cardiac arrhythmias. Liver failure. Kidney stones. Hyperglycemia.

22. Which breathing pattern is commonly associated with metabolic acidosis?. Bradypnea. Kussmaul respirations. Apnea. Shallow breathing.

23. Which statement best describes respiratory compensation?. Kidneys regulate breathing. Lungs adjust ventilation to alter CO levels. Heart regulates acid levels. Liver removes hydrogen ions.

24. Which condition may cause mixed acidosis?. Respiratory failure plus renal failure. Hyperventilation. Excess oxygen therapy. Mild dehydration.

25. Which system provides the most powerful long-term regulation of blood pH?. Chemical buffers. Respiratory system. Renal system. Endocrine system.