NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 7 ARTERIAL BLOOD GAS PRT 2

1. Acidosis is best defined as: Excess bicarbonate in the blood. Excess acid or loss of base. Increased oxygen levels. Decreased carbon dioxide levels.

2. Which ABG finding is most consistent with metabolic acidosis?. High HCO3. Low HCO3. High oxygen. High sodium.

3. A patient with severe diarrhea is at risk for which acid-base imbalance?. Respiratory alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Metabolic acidosis.

4. What is the main mechanism causing metabolic acidosis in diarrhea?. Increased CO2. Loss of bicarbonate. Excess sodium. Dehydration only.

5. Which condition can increase acid production leading to metabolic acidosis?. Diabetes with ketoacidosis. Mild dehydration. Seasonal allergies. Asthma.

6. Which medication overdose can cause metabolic acidosis?. Acetaminophen. Aspirin. Penicillin. Insulin.

7. Which organ failure may lead to metabolic acidosis due to decreased acid elimination?. Liver failure. Renal failure. Pancreatic failure. Cardiac failure.

8. Vomiting primarily causes which acid-base imbalance?. Metabolic acidosis. Respiratory acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory alkalosis.

9. Which condition may cause metabolic alkalosis through renal loss?. Diuretics. Pneumonia. COPD. Asthma.

10. Hyperaldosteronism can contribute to metabolic alkalosis by: Retaining hydrogen ions. Increasing sodium reabsorption and hydrogen loss. Decreasing potassium levels only. Increasing bicarbonate excretion.

11. Excess ingestion of antacids may result in: Metabolic acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis.

12. Which condition is considered a medical emergency due to metabolic acidosis?. Keto diet. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Mild dehydration. Seasonal allergies.

13. What differentiates ketosis from ketoacidosis?. Ketosis occurs with insulin deficiency. Ketosis is controlled fat metabolism without acidosis. Ketoacidosis occurs only in healthy individuals. Ketosis produces severe acidosis.

14. Before drawing an arterial blood gas from the radial artery, which test must be performed?. Babinski test. Allen test. Romberg test. Homan sign.

15. During the Allen test, the nurse releases which artery first?. Radial artery. Ulnar artery. Carotid artery. Femoral artery.

16. A positive Allen test result means: Blood flow returns to the hand quickly. No blood flow returns. The artery is blocked. ABG cannot be performed.

17. If the Allen test is negative, the nurse should: Proceed with ABG. Repeat the test. Use a different artery. Ignore the result.

18. A patient with heart failure taking digoxin presents with nausea, vomiting, and potassium level 3.1. What condition should the nurse suspect?. Heart failure exacerbation. Renal failure. Digoxin toxicity. Respiratory acidosis.

19. Hypokalemia increases the risk of toxicity with which medication?. Insulin. Digoxin. Warfarin. Heparin.

20. Which symptom is often an early sign of digoxin toxicity?. Nausea. Fever. Hypertension. Hyperglycemia.

21. Which acid-base imbalance occurs when there is loss of hydrochloric acid from the stomach?. Metabolic acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis. Metabolic alkalosis. Respiratory acidosis.

22. Which concept is emphasized when interpreting ABG values in clinical care?. Focus only on numbers. Ignore symptoms. Analyze the patient and symptoms along with the ABG. Memorize charts only.

23. Which principle helps determine acidosis vs alkalosis?. Acid-base balance depends on oxygen. Acidosis = high H+ or low bicarbonate. Alkalosis = low oxygen. Acidosis = high sodium.

24. Which acid-base imbalance occurs with loss of hydrogen ions?. Acidosis. Alkalosis. Hyperkalemia. Hypoxia.

25. Which strategy is most important when interpreting ABG results?. Memorizing numbers only. Understanding physiology and patient symptoms. Ignoring clinical presentation. Guessing the diagnosis.