NCLEX CRUSADE ACADEMY TEST - 9 CARDIOVASCULAR CARE

1. Which type of congenital heart defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow due to a left to right shunt?. Tetralogy of Fallot. Ventricular septal defect. Transposition of the great arteries. Tricuspid atresia.

2. Which congenital defect is most commonly associated with a fixed split S2 heart sound?. Ventricular septal defect. Patent ductus arteriosus. Atrial septal defect. Coarctation of the aorta.

3. A nurse hears a loud harsh systolic murmur at the left sternal border in a child. Which defect should be suspected?. VSD. PDA. ASD. Tetralogy of Fallot.

4. Which assessment finding is considered the classic sign of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)?. Fixed split S2. Machine like murmur. Diastolic murmur. Pericardial friction rub.

5. Which medication is commonly used to promote closure of a patent ductus arteriosus in infants?. Digoxin. Indomethacin. Furosemide. Prostaglandin E.

6. A nurse assesses bounding pulses and widened pulse pressure in an infant. Which condition is most likely?. Coarctation of the aorta. Ventricular septal defect. Patent ductus arteriosus. Tetralogy of Fallot.

7. Which congenital defect is strongly associated with Down syndrome?. Tetralogy of Fallot. Atrioventricular canal defect. Patent ductus arteriosus. Coarctation of the aorta.

8. A nurse caring for a child with coarctation of the aorta would expect which assessment finding?. Higher blood pressure in legs than arms. Higher blood pressure in arms than legs. Equal pulses in upper and lower extremities. Severe cyanosis at birth.

9. Which assessment finding is commonly seen in children with right sided heart failure?. Pulmonary crackles. Peripheral edema. Tachypnea. Orthopnea.

10. Which symptom suggests left sided heart failure in pediatric patients?. Hepatomegaly. Peripheral edema. Crackles and tachypnea. Jugular vein distention.

11. Which symptom during feeding is a red flag for pediatric heart failure?. Excessive sleeping. Diaphoresis during feeding. Increased appetite. Weight gain.

12. Which medication increases cardiac contractility and decreases heart rate in pediatric cardiac patients?. Digoxin. Propranolol. Indomethacin. Aspirin.

13. When administering digoxin to an infant, the nurse should hold the medication if the apical pulse is below which rate?. 60 bpm. 70 bpm. 90 bpm. 110 bpm.

14. Which electrolyte imbalance increases the risk of digoxin toxicity?. Hyperkalemia. Hypokalemia. Hypernatremia. Hypercalcemia.

15. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by which four defects?. VSD, ASD, PDA, pulmonary stenosis. Pulmonary stenosis, VSD, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy. ASD, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis, coarctation. VSD, PDA, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis.

16. What is the primary pathophysiologic problem in Tetralogy of Fallot?. Left to right shunt. Right to left shunt. Valve insufficiency. Increased pulmonary blood flow.

17. Which clinical finding is common in children with Tetralogy of Fallot?. Polycythemia. Anemia. Bradycardia. Hypertension.

18. Which position is the priority nursing intervention during a Tet spell?. Supine. Trendelenburg. Knee to chest. High Fowler.

19. Which medication may be administered to help relax spasms during a Tet spell?. Morphine. Aspirin. Epinephrine. Digoxin.

20. Which congenital defect results in parallel circulation incompatible with life without mixing?. Tetralogy of Fallot. Transposition of the great arteries. PDA. Coarctation.

21. Which medication is used to keep the ductus arteriosus open in infants with TGA?. Indomethacin. Digoxin. Prostaglandin E. Aspirin.

22. Which condition is considered an acquired pediatric cardiovascular disease?. ASD. Tetralogy of Fallot. Kawasaki disease. Coarctation of the aorta.

23. Which symptom is a hallmark sign of Kawasaki disease?. Fever lasting more than 5 days. Hypothermia. Severe anemia. Bradycardia.

24. Which oral finding is associated with Kawasaki disease?. White patches. Strawberry tongue. Blue discoloration. Ulcerations.

25. The most serious complication of Kawasaki disease is: Myocarditis. Coronary artery aneurysm. Stroke. Pulmonary embolism.

26. What is the primary treatment used to reduce inflammation in Kawasaki disease?. IVIG. Digoxin. Dopamine. Indomethacin.

27. Which medication is given after IVIG therapy in Kawasaki disease for antiplatelet effect?. Ibuprofen. Aspirin. Morphine. Furosemide.

28. Following IVIG therapy for Kawasaki disease, live vaccines should be delayed for approximately: 1 month. 3 months. 6 months. 11 months.

29. Which sign indicates chronic hypoxia in children with cyanotic heart disease?. Clubbing. Jaundice. Pallor. Edema.

30. Which defect is categorized as acyanotic due to increased pulmonary blood flow?. Tetralogy of Fallot. Ventricular septal defect. Transposition of great arteries. Tricuspid atresia.