PFIS

The basic crew tasks for aircraft operation: Are the following: to fly, to navigate, to communicate and to manage the flight. Are to monitor the short term flight path, to manage long term flight path, to communicate and to apply strategy to the flight.

The Minimum Flight Crew is composed by: A fix number of members independently of the different missions of the airplane. Only the number of members that are able to perform the missions with an acceptable level of workload.

Human Factors Engineering: Focuses only in the Flight Deck design but not in the flight crew tasks to conduct the mission. Its application is not concurrent with other engineering disciplines during Flight Deck design process. Its application to the Flight Deck design process will give an opportunity to make aviation both safer and more efficient.

Dark Cockpit philosophy: If the working systems returns to normal state, no light will turn off. If any abnormal situation takes place inside the flight deck, a light will automatically turn off in order to reduce crew workload. In abnormal circumstances, a light shall automatically turn on to call crew’s attention. Light out = system set and fit to fly.

The Design Eye Position (DEP): Is taken into account in the Flight Deck design process and is adjusted for different atropometric population. Is taken into account in the Flight Deck Internal components arrangements and is not in relation with Forward Fuselage Design. Is a point fixed in relation to the airplane structure at which the pilot’s eyes should be located when seated at the normal position. All flight deck components are arranged in relation to DEP.

The principle of NVIS: Is amplification of the thermal energy through Image Intesifying Tubes in IR spectrum, just above near IR spectrum. Is to filter against NIR or to inhibit in NVG mode all Flight Deck internal lights sources. Is the ability of the aircraft to provide a crew environment that allies simultaneously safe operation of the aircraft in night low-level tactical flights and reduction of vulnerability of military aircrafts at night.

The HUD/HMD: Selection of De-clutter function removes essential symbology from the HUD and the following symbols will be affected: Attitude, Speed, Altitude, and Heading. Is able to present Enhanced Vision System image of the real world in order to enable pilots to fly with greater confidence and safety under the most challenging visual conditions.

The ANVIS/HUD disadvantages: The pilot has to wear a helmet for long periods of time. Pilot conformability can be decreased due to ANVIS/HUD mass.

The following requirements must be considered in a Flight Crew Alerting System: The colour of the Advisory signal shall be aviation yellow. Emergency alert condition shall require immediate corrective action by the crew.

Displays can be. Emissive and passive. Reflective or transflective.

Active Matrix LCD means: Multiplexing is not addressed by columns and rows. That there is a thin film transistor (TFT) in each pixel of the display.

The main advantage of electronic ink displays (e-ink) versus conventional LCD or plasma displays is: Better color and grayscale.

What is the standard of HDTV related to the aspect ratio?: 16x10. 1920x1080.

The resolution and standard ratio of... VGA is 720x480 and 4:3. VGA is 640x480 and 4:3.

The difference between the maximum and minimum luminance of a display system is called: Contrast resolution. Contrast modulation.

What is a multiplexed driving in TV?: Sub-units of the display (rows OR columns) are driven one at a time. Rows and columns are simultaneously excited. Rows and columns are sequentially driven.

The generation of grayscale in flat panel LCDs can be done by: Driving alternately rows. Driving alternately columns and rows. Temporal dither and spatial dither.

The three system operation keys are: System management, system performance and aircraft safety. Aircraft safety, modes of operation and system performance. System performance, operator interface and environment.

A full operational capable system must be: Representative of a prototype airframe. Operative in an appropriate controlled environment. In a representative production airframe. In the appropriate operating environment. Manageable under realistic workload. Suitable. Effective. Specified operational task.

Who is the operator?. An organization that contributes to the function of the system and draws on procedures. An individual who, or an organization that, contributes to the functionality of a system and draws on knowledge, skills and procedures to contribute the function. The person who flies the aircraft.

Detailed analysis of past world-wide airplanes incidents and accidents between 1989 and 2003 have showed that: Human error is not the primary risk to flight safety in accordance with Certification Authorities considerations. The majority are related to flight crew performance failures sometimes in combination with system failures.

The Human Factors Engineering goals are: To entirely prevent and predict flight crew error. Maximize the ability of the flight crew to operate the airplane at required levels. Eliminate design induced difficulty and error.

Which one of the following systems integration design principles is not applicable to control-displays relationships used by the operator: The functional principle. The importance principle. The standardization principle. The effectiveness principle. The sequence-of-use principle.

Integrated systems operation must : Not be confused. None. Know main systems status. Interpret easily, logically and clearly displays.