PHECC First Aid Responder Course Notes

What is the first priority when arriving at the scene of an incident?. Start CPR. Check for danger. Call 112. Ask for consent.

What does the "A" stand for in ABC?. Alert. Airway. Assessment. Assist.

What is the normal adult breathing rate?. 6–10 breaths/min. 12–20 breaths/min. 30–40 breaths/min. 50–60 breaths/min.

If a patient is unresponsive and not breathing normally, what should you do first?. Give oxygen. Call 112/999 and start CPR. Offer sugar. Take SAMPLE history.

What is the depth of chest compressions for an adult?. 1 cm. 3–4 cm. 5–6 cm. More than 7 cm.

What is the RR (respiration rate) for an adult at rest?. 8–12. 12–20. 20–30. 40–50.

Which method is used to control external bleeding?. DR ABC. PEEP. FAST. AVPU.

Which type of bleeding is bright red and spurting?. Capillary. Venous. Arterial. nternal.

What does the “P” in SAMPLE stand for?. Pulse. Pertinent medical history. Pressure. Position.

What does “F” in FAST stand for?. Fingers. First aid. Face. Fracture.

What is the first step before starting the primary survey?. Check response. Treat shock. Ensure scene safety. Take SAMPLE history.

What is the ratio of CPR compressions to rescue breaths in an adult?. 15:1. 15:2. 30:1. 30:2.

Which law protects first aiders acting in good faith?. Civil Rights Act. Duty of Care Act. Good Samaritan Law. Patient Safety Law.

What does AVPU assess?. Breathing. Consciousness. Blood pressure. Pulse.

What should you do if a patient refuses treatment but is competent?. Force treatment. Ignore them. Respect their decision. Leave the scene.

What does the “C” stand for in DR ABC?. CPR. Circulation. Consent. Casualty.

What action is appropriate for partial choking?. Start CPR. Abdominal thrusts immediately. Encourage coughing. Give water.

Which position is best for a shock patient?. Sitting upright. On their side. Standing. Lying down with legs elevated.

How long should breathing be assessed during the primary survey?. 2–3 seconds. 5–10 seconds. 30 seconds. 1 minute.

What is the best definition of First Aid?. Advanced medical care. Final treatment. Initial assistance before professional help. Medication administration only.

Which number should you call for emergency services in Europe?. 911. 112/999. 101. 000.

What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?. 30–40 bpm. 40–60 bpm. 60–100 bpm. 100–140 bpm.

Which is a symptom?. Pale skin. Swelling. Pain reported by patient. Bleeding.

When should an AED be used?. When patient is conscious. As soon as it is available and patient is unresponsive and not breathing. Only by paramedics. After 10 minutes of CPR.

What does “D” in DR ABC stand for?. Danger. Diagnose. Dislocation. Defibrillation.

What does “E” in PEEP stand for (first E)?. EMS. Elevation. Examination. Emergency.

What is the Golden Hour?. Time to complete CPR. First 60 minutes after major trauma. Time patient sleeps. When bleeding begins.

Which injury is a medical emergency requiring FAST?. Fracture. Stroke. Sprain. Laceration.

What is used to assess airway obstruction severity?. AVPU. FAST. Choking signs. PEEP.

What is considered a medical emergency during breathing assessment?. Occasional sigh. Agonal gasping. Snoring. Normal breathing.

What method is used to gather complete patient history?. CPR. SAMPLE. FAST. PPE.

What is PPE used for?. Moving patients. Infection control. Communicating. Transport.

What does capillary bleeding look like?. Spurting. Steady flow. Slow and oozing. No visible bleeding.

What does "call for help early" refer to?. Stopping CPR. Contacting emergency services immediately. Applying a bandage. Taking SAMPLE history.

What should be done before treating injuries?. Ask for blood pressure. Ensure scene is safe. Ask medical history. Apply AED.

What is the AVPU level when the patient only responds to pain?. A. V. P. U.

What is the correct hand position for CPR?. On stomach. Centre of chest. Left side. Below abdomen.

What does “secondary survey” include?. Only ABC. Head-to-toe examination and SAMPLE. Immediate CPR. Use of AED.

What does “T” in FAST stand for?. Time to rest. Telephone help immediately. Transfer patient. Temperature.

Which legal principle allows treatment when a patient is unconscious?. Patient refusal. Implied consent. Forced intervention. Medical negligence.

Which is a sign of shock?. Warm, dry skin. Strong pulse. Pale, cold, and clammy skin. Full consciousness.

What is the recommended rate of compressions per minute?. 80–100. 100–120. 40–60. 130–160.

What is the correct sequence for life-threatening emergencies?. Secondary survey → ABC. ABC → SAMPLE. SAMPLE → ABC. PEEP → FAST.

What is the first letter in SAMPLE?. Situation. Signs and Symptoms. Silence. Stress.

What should you do after the AED delivers a shock?. Stop CPR. Immediately resume CPR. Apply bandages. Give medications.

What does "chain of survival" refer to?. Treatment of fractures. Sequence of actions to increase survival in cardiac arrest. Blood circulation. PPE sequence.

What is “agonal breathing”?. Normal breathing. Deep controlled breathing. Gasps and irregular breathing. No breathing but movement.

When should SAMPLE history be taken?. During primary survey. After AED shock. During secondary survey when stable. Instead of CPR.