Phonology II Partial

How does an affricate sound occur?. It is the combination of a stop and a fricative produced at the same place of articulation. It is the combination of a stop and a lateral sound. It is the combination of an R-sound and a fricative.

How do the /tf/ phoneme and allophones produce?. With nasal airflow and no friction. With oral closure, pressure buildup, and a fricative release. With lateral airflow and no pressure buildup.

Does the sound /t∫/ happen in both languages, English and Spanish?. No, it only occurs in English. Yes, it occurs in both languages. No, it only occurs in Spanish.

Does the sound /t∫/ have a counterpart?. No, it does not. Yes, /dz/ is its counterpart. Yes, /ʃ/ is its counterpart.

What is the allophone of <ll> in Spanish?. The allophone of <ll> in Spanish is [j]. The allophone of <ll> in Spanish is [tʃ]. The allophone of <ll> in Spanish is [dz].

What is the main articulatory difference between /tʃ/ and /ʃ/?. /tʃ/ has complete closure before friction, /ʃ/ does not. /ʃ/ is voiced and /tʃ/ is voiceless. /ʃ/ involves nasal airflow.

Describe the /tʃ/ allophone according to articulator and point of articulation. Voiceless, lamino alveo-palatal, affricate. Voiced, apico-dental, fricative. Voiceless, bilabial, stop.

Describe the /dʒ/ allophone according to articulator and point of articulation. Voiceless, lamino alveo-palatal, affricate. Voiced, lamino alveo-palatal, affricate. Voiced, bilabial, stop.

Choose the correct phonemic and phonetic transcription of "llave". /'ʎaβe/ ['dʒaβe]. /ˈʝaβe/ [ˈʝaβe]. /ˈʒaβe/ [ˈʒaβe].

Choose the correct phonemic and phonetic transcription of "angel". /'ændʒəl/ ['ændʒəl]. /'ændʒəl/ ['anfəl]. /'ændʒəl/ ['ændʒæl].

Choose the correct phonemic and phonetic transcription of "nature". /'neɪtʃər/ ['neɪtʃə]. /'neɪfər/ ['neɪʃə]. /'neɪdzər/ ['neɪdzə].

Which feature distinguishes affricates from stops?. Presence of friction after closure. Complete absence of airflow. Nasal resonance.

Why are affricates considered single phonemes?. Because they are written with two letters. Because they function as one phonological unit. Because they are always voiced.

Which English affricate is voiced?. /tʃ/. /ʃ/. /dʒ/.

Why do Spanish learners confuse /tʃ/ and /dʒ/ in English?. Because both are bilabial. Because Spanish lacks /dʒ/ as a phoneme. Because /tʃ/ is nasal in Spanish.

Which process explains /t/ + /j/ -> /tʃ/ in English?. Assimilation. Palatalization. Elision.

Which affricate exists in English but not as a phoneme in Spanish?. /tʃ/. /dʒ/. Both exist equally.

Why is /tʃ/ considered voiceless?. Because it lacks vocal fold vibration. Because it blocks airflow completely. Because it occurs after voiceless sounds.

Which articulator plays the primary role in affricate production?. Lower lip. Tongue blade. Velum.

Why is contrastive analysis important for affricates?. It removes pronunciation errors. It predicts L1 interference. It replaces transcription.

Which statement best describes affricates?. They are purely fricative sounds. They combine stop and fricative features. They are nasal consonants.

Which language shows greater affricate contrast?. Spanish. English. Both equally.

What happens if the fricative portion of an affricate is removed?. The sound becomes a stop. The sound becomes a vowel. The sound becomes nasal.

Why are affricates difficult for L2 learners?. They require precise timing between closure and release. They are unstressed. They only occur word-finally.

Which statement best summarizes affricate sounds?. They involve partial closure only. They consist of stop + fricative in one segment. They are identical to fricatives.