A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by the student? A single circular chromosome A nucleus Free-floating nuclear material No organelles
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A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions. Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy? Metabolic absorption Communication Secretion Respiration.
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? Mitochondria Ribosome Nucleolus Nucleus Cytoplasm
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Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself? Peripheral membrane proteins Integral membrane proteins Glycoproteins Cell adhesion molecules
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Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? Oxygen Ribosomes Amphipathic lipids Ligands.
A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would support the diagnosis of metastatic cancer? Decreased fibronectin Increased collagen Decreased elastin Increased glycoproteins
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Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? Cell junction Gap junction Desmosome Tight junction
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Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types? Paracrine Autocrine Neurohormonal Hormonal
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In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a: solute substrate receptor ribosome.
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An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. The nurse’s response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of: GTP AMP ATP GMP.
Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP? Digestion Glycolysis Oxidation Citric acid cycle
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A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism. Which phases should the nurse include? Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport S phase, G phase, and M phase Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion
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A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? Electron-transport chain Aerobic glycolysis Anaerobic glycolysis Oxidative phosphorylation
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A faculty member asks a student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of a solute from an area of greater to lesser concentration. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching? Osmosis Diffusion Hydrostatic pressure Active transport
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Which description accurately describes electrolytes? Small lipid-soluble molecules Large protein molecules Micronutrients used to produce ATP Electrically charged molecules
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A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: the concentration of sodium. plasma proteins hydrostatic pressure the availability of membrane transporter proteins.
A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg. This lab result is measuring: osmolality. osmolarity. osmotic pressure oncotic pressure.
A nurse is discussing the movement of fluid across the arterial end of capillary membranes into the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary. Which process of fluid movement is the nurse describing? Hydrostatic pressure Osmosis Diffusion Active transport
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How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? By passive electrolyte channels By coupled channels By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) By diffusion
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The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? Biport Uniport Antiport Symport
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During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion? Endocytosis Pinocytosis Phagocytosis Exocytosis.
Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur. What is this cell cycle phase called? G1 S M G2.
Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is 70 mV. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential? K+ rushing into the cell Na+ rushing into the cell Na+ rushing out of the cell K+ rushing out of the cell
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A nurse teaching the staff about platelet-derived growth factor includes information that platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the production of: platelets epidermal cells connective tissue cells fibroblast cells.
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The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as: anaphase telophase. prophase metaphase.
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What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle. Restrain cell growth and development Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.
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A biopsy of the lung bronchi revealed ciliated epithelial cells that are capable of secretion and absorption. These cells are called _____ columnar epithelium. simple ciliated simple stratified pseudostratified ciliated
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A student is reviewing functions of the cell. The student would be correct in identifying a chief function of the nerve cell as: sensory interpretation conductivity. maintenance of homeostasis communication.
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A nurse recalls that the basic types of tissues are: (select all that apply) nerve. epithelial mucosal connective skeletal muscle.
Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (select all that apply) They contain no organelles Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. They contain a distinct nucleus They contain histones. They contain a cellular membrane.
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