PR0P3

A fluctuating consistency indicates: Gas presence. Fluid wave. Bone fracture. Muscle tone.

Borborygmus are sounds from the: Respiratory tract. Heart. Alimentary tract. Urogenital tract.

What is the normal resting heart rate of pigs?: 70–120 beats per minute. 20–40 beats per minute. 100–160 beats per minute. 40–60 beats per minute.

Which of the following is NOT a classical method of clinical examination?: Inspection. Palpation. Percussion. Fluoroscopy.

A towel can be used in cats to: Restrict vision and provide comfort. Enhance aggression. Prevent purring. Block pheromones.

What feature is suggestive of metastatic melanoma in a lymph node aspirate?: Cells containing intracytoplasmic melanin pigment. Clusters of epithelial cells. Predominantly neutrophils. Pure small lymphocytes.

Lymphadenitis is defined as: Inflammation of a lymph node. Neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes. Absence of lymph nodes. Increased lymph flow.

Splenic torsion in dogs is most often associated with: Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Pancreatitis. Renal failure. Otitis externa.

Which blood cells are primarily removed from circulation by the spleen?: Aged or damaged erythrocytes. Platelets. Neutrophils. Lymphoblasts.

In acute disease, lymph nodes are typically: Hot and painful. Cold and firm. Hard and fixed. Normal.

Which thermometer placement gives the most reliable measurement of core temperature in small animals?: Rectal. Oral. Axillary. Ear canal.

Which of the following sounds is detected during auscultation of the alimentary tract?: Murmurs. Crackles. Borborygmus (intestinal sounds). Stridor.

Presence of numerous mast cells in a lymph node aspirate suggests: Metastatic mast cell tumour. Lymphoid hyperplasia. Suppurative lymphadenitis. Granulomatous disease.

What is the normal rectal temperature of a healthy adult cat?: 38.0–39.5 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.0–41.5 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Percussion in clinical examination is: Palpating the abdomen. Listening to heart sounds. Striking body parts to obtain information about underlying tissues. Inspecting mucous membranes.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate of adult cattle?: 12–36 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 30–60 breaths per minute. 60–100 breaths per minute.

Which is NOT a differential diagnosis for splenomegaly?: Neoplasia. Congestion. Hyperplasia. Otitis externa.

What is the primary function of a clinical thermometer?: Measuring body temperature. Measuring heart rate. Measuring blood pressure. Measuring respiratory rate.

The axillary lymph node is palpable in dogs: Only if enlarged. Always in healthy dogs. Never in any circumstance. Only in puppies.

Lymphoma in dogs is: Malignant neoplasia of lymphoid tissue. Benign reactive hyperplasia. Inflammatory lymphadenitis. Parasitic infection.

Protective aprons are mainly used to: Protect clothing and skin from contamination. Enhance auscultation. Improve palpation. Replace restraint.

Localised lymphadenopathy refers to: Enlargement of a single lymph node or group of nodes. Enlargement of all lymph nodes. Congenital absence of nodes. Splenomegaly.

Which is the correct definition of disinfection?: Elimination of most pathogenic microorganisms (except spores) on inanimate objects. Complete destruction of all microbial life including spores. Mechanical removal of dirt. Application of antiseptics to living tissue.

When lifting a medium-sized dog onto the table, the correct method is: One arm under the chest and the other under the hindquarters. Pulling the collar strongly. Lifting by forelimbs only. Using the tail for support.

In acute lymphadenitis, lymph nodes are usually: Enlarged, hot, painful and soft. Small, firm and non-painful. Adherent to surrounding tissues. Calcified and hard.

What is the correct definition of lymphadenitis?: Inflammation of a lymph node. Hypertrophy of a lymph node. Congestion of lymphatic vessels. Idiopathic lymphatic edema.

Which of the following practices is recommended for feline-friendly handling?: Direct eye contact with the cat. Allowing the cat to remain in its carrier if comfortable. Using loud voices to reassure the cat. Shaking the cat out of the carrier.

What finding indicates bacterial lymphadenitis on cytology?: Intracellular bacteria within neutrophils. Fungal hyphae. Clusters of carcinoma cells. Pure small lymphocytes.

What is the normal rectal temperature of an adult horse?: 37.0–38.5 °C. 35.0–36.0 °C. 39.0–40.5 °C. 36.0–36.5 °C.

In the 'Rule of 20', which is the first parameter to assess in a critical patient?: Oxygenation and ventilation. Nutrition. Pain control. Electrolytes.

Which parameters are considered vital signs in veterinary medicine?: Heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature. Liver enzymes, blood glucose, cholesterol. Skin colour, weight, size. Reflexes, posture, coat colour.

Which is the safest way to restrain a goat for examination?: Holding the horns or collar with minimal force. Lifting by the ears. Lifting by the tail. Using a twitch.

What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult dog?: 60-120 bpm. 20-40 bpm. 150-200 bpm. 10-20 bpm.

In chronic disease, lymph nodes are: Firm and adherent. Hot and painful. Soft and fluctuating. Normal.

Which is NOT part of a complete nutritional assessment?: Diet history. Body condition score. Muscle condition score. Fur colour preference.

Ballottement is a palpation technique used to detect: Floating viscera or abdominal masses. Skin lesions. Lameness. Heart murmurs.

Lymphadenitis is usually caused by: Neoplasia. Infection. Edema. Ischemia.

What is the normal rectal temperature of sheep?: 38.5–40.0 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.0 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

What is the normal rectal temperature of goats?: 38.5–40.0 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.0 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which of the following is usually assessed during distant examination?: Posture and gait. Liver consistency. Rectal tone. Heart valve sounds.

Suppurative lymphadenitis is most often caused by: Bacterial infection. Viral disease. Allergic reaction. Congenital defect.

Inspection during physical exam is used to evaluate: General appearance, posture, colour, symmetry. Internal organ sounds. Tissue consistency. Reflex responses.

Splenic infarctions are usually caused by: Thromboembolic disease. Otitis interna. Foreign bodies. Fractures.

Never leave a twitch for too long because: It is useless. It can damage tissues. It calms permanently. It replaces sedation.

First step of horse restraint is often: Blindfold. Lift a limb. Apply twitch. Chain over nose.

What is the first-line diagnostic method for enlarged peripheral lymph nodes?: Fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology. CT scan. MRI.

What is a key precaution when restraining camelids?: Avoid holding the head too tightly to prevent stress and regurgitation. Always use ropes to tie the legs. Blindfold is mandatory. Never allow the animal to see the handler.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis cytology is characterised by: Macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Predominantly neutrophils. Clusters of carcinoma cells. Pure lymphoblasts.

A fearful dog may show: Tail wagging. Lip retraction. Relaxed ears. Steady posture.

Which device may cause dyspnea or hyperthermia if used for too long in dogs?: Muzzle. Elizabethan collar. Harness. Lead rope.

Enlargement of sternal lymph nodes in dogs is most commonly associated with: Lymphoma. Bacterial pneumonia. Otitis externa. Dermatitis.

Which is the correct order for removing PPE to reduce contamination risk?: Gloves → Gown → Goggles/face shield → Mask. Mask → Gloves → Goggles → Gown. Goggles → Mask → Gown → Gloves. Any order is acceptable.

The spleen can act as a storage reservoir mainly for: Erythrocytes and platelets. Glucose and glycogen. Electrolytes. Fat.

Which of the following parameters can be assessed by inspection?: Shape, size, colour, movement, symmetry. Consistency and elasticity. Temperature. Heart murmurs.

Adherence of a lymph node to surrounding tissue suggests: Malignant neoplasia or severe chronic inflammation. Normal condition. Physiological response. Congenital defect.

Which gauge needle is commonly used for fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes?: 18G. 20G. 22-23G. 26G.

Which palpation finding is characteristic of oedema?: Doughy (pitting remains after pressure). Firm like liver tissue. Resilient and elastic. Hard like bone.

Metastatic involvement of a lymph node means: Neoplastic cells spread from another primary site. Primary lymphoma of that node. Infectious lymphadenitis. Normal reactive hyperplasia.

Which cytological finding is most consistent with lymphoma?: Monomorphic population of large lymphoblasts. Mixed small lymphocytes and plasma cells. Abundant neutrophils. Clusters of epithelial cells.

Excisional biopsy of a lymph node is indicated when: Cytology results are inconclusive. All nodes are enlarged. Reactive hyperplasia is obvious. Nodes are normal.

Normal lymph node cytology is mostly composed of: Macrophages. Plasma cells. Lymphocytes. Neutrophils.

Palpation is best defined as: Touching tissues to assess size, shape, consistency and sensitivity. Observing tissues with the eyes. Striking the body to produce sounds. Listening to organ sounds with a stethoscope.

Most common cause of enlarged sternal LNs in dogs is: Bacterial infection. Lymphoma. Fungal disease. Allergy.

Which lymph node sampling technique usually provides better preserved cytological specimens?: Non-aspiration technique. Aspiration technique. Incisional biopsy. Excisional biopsy.

What is the normal rectal temperature of pigs?: 38.7–39.8 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.5 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.