prope primer parcial pt 2

Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia is usually due to: Antigenic stimulation. Congenital defects. Metastatic spread. Haemorrhage.

Which tool is commonly used to restrain pigs?. Snare. Nose twitch. Elizabethan collar. Head gate.

Auscultation is the clinical method that consists of: Inspection of the skin. Percussion of the abdomen. Listening to the sounds produced by functional activity of organs. Palpating muscles.

Which of the following conditions may require splenectomy?. Splenic rupture with haemorrhage. Otitis media. Chronic dermatitis. Hip dysplasia.

Fine needle aspiration should be obtained from: Only one enlarged node. All enlarged nodes. Only submandibular nodes. Avoid all nodes.

Which clinical sign is commonly associated with splenomegaly?. Abdominal enlargement and palpable mass. Coughing. Epistaxis. Lameness.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four classical methods of clinical examination?. Inspection. Palpation. Percussion. Fluoroscopy.

Suppurative lymphadenitis cytology shows: Abundant neutrophils, often degenerate. Clusters of epithelial cells. Mixture of plasma cells. Predominantly eosinophils.

The purpose of an isolation ward in a veterinary hospital is: Prevent spread of contagious diseases to other animals and staff. Provide intensive care to all patients. Offer surgical recovery. Improve nutrition monitoring.

In acute disease, lymph nodes are typically: Hot and painful. Cold and firm. Hard and fixed. Normal.

Marked necrosis in a lymph node aspirate suggests: Severe infection or necrotic neoplasm. Normal finding. Congenital defect. Hyperplasia.

Lymphadenitis is usually caused by: Neoplasia. Infection. Edema. Ischemia.

Which sign is typical of lameness during gait observation?. Toe dragging. Regular head carriage. Symmetric posture. Constant trotting.

An emphysematous palpation finding indicates: Presence of fluid in tissue. Presence of air or gas producing crepitation. Inflammation. Normal muscle tone.

What is the main purpose of animal restraint during clinical examination?. Ensure safety of animal, staff, and owner. Demonstrate dominance over the animal. Speed up the examination. Cause submission through pain.

Hard and fixed lymph nodes are usually indicative of: Neoplasia. Acute inflammation. Normal condition. Granulomatous disease.

What is the normal rectal temperature of adult cattle?. 38.0–39.0 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 39.5–41.0 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which palpation finding is characteristic of oedema?. Doughy (pitting remains after pressure). Firm like liver tissue. Resilient and elastic. Hard like bone.

The purpose of palpation is to assess: Consistency, size, shape, and sensitivity of tissues. Visual symmetry. Heart sounds. Reflex responses.

What is the primary function of a clinical thermometer?. Measuring body temperature. Measuring heart rate. Measuring blood pressure. Measuring respiratory rate.

Which lymph node sampling technique usually provides better preserved cytological specimens?. Non-aspiration technique. Aspiration technique. Incisional biopsy. Excisional biopsy.

A towel can be used in cats to: Restrict vision and provide comfort. Enhance aggression. Prevent purring. Block pheromones.

Main disadvantage of muzzle use in dogs is: Cannot smell. Risk of dyspnea and overheating. Blocks hearing. Causes blindness.

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of lymph node enlargement?. Infectious diseases. Immune-mediated diseases. Diabetes mellitus. Cancer (lymphoma).

Which of the following parameters can be assessed by inspection?. Shape, size, colour, movement, symmetry. Consistency and elasticity. Temperature. Heart murmurs.

Lymphoma in dogs is: Malignant neoplasia of lymphoid tissue. Benign reactive hyperplasia. Inflammatory lymphadenitis. Parasitic infection.

What is a potential risk of prolonged use of a muzzle in dogs?. Dyspnoea and hyperthermia. Loss of smell. Ocular irritation. Chronic dermatitis.

Adherence of lymph nodes to surrounding tissue suggests: Benign hyperplasia. Neoplasia or severe inflammation. Normal variation. Nutritional disease.

Never leave a twitch for too long because: It is useless. It can damage tissues. It calms permanently. It replaces sedation.

What is the normal rectal temperature of a healthy adult dog?. 37.5–39.2 °C. 36.0–36.5 °C. 39.5–41.0 °C. 35.0–35.5 °C.

What is a critical safety point when restraining rabbits?. Support the hindquarters to prevent spinal fractures. Hold only by the ears. Keep in dorsal recumbency at all times. Lift by the scruff without support.

Which nutrient must be reduced in the diet of obese dogs?. Calories (fat and carbohydrates). Water. Protein. Fibre.

Which is the correct technique for palpating superficial lymph nodes?. Use gentle digital pressure with circular movements. Firmly press with the fist. Strike the area repeatedly. Only observe visually without touching.

Which technique often provides better preserved cytological specimens of lymph nodes?. Fine needle non-aspiration technique. Surgical excision. Biopsy punch. Core biopsy.

What is the normal rectal temperature of a healthy adult cat?. 38.0–39.5 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.0–41.5 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which cytological finding is typical of metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node?. Clusters of epithelial cells with malignant features. Numerous small lymphocytes. Giant multinucleated cells. Necrotic debris only.

In chronic disease, lymph nodes are: Firm and adherent. Hot and painful. Soft and fluctuating. Normal.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate of adult cattle?. 12–36 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 30–60 breaths per minute. 60–100 breaths per minute.

What feature is suggestive of metastatic melanoma in a lymph node aspirate?. Cells containing intracytoplasmic melanin pigment. Clusters of epithelial cells. Predominantly neutrophils. Pure small lymphocytes.

Which disease is strongly associated with obesity in cats?. Hepatic lipidosis. Otitis. Dermatitis. Conjunctivitis.

Which factor is most important for obtaining a good quality lymph node aspirate?. Avoiding blood contamination. Using the largest possible needle. Applying maximal suction. Breaking the capsule intentionally.

Sterilisation is defined as: Complete destruction of all forms of microbial life including spores. Reduction of microbial load on living tissue. Cleaning visible dirt. Elimination of viruses only.

A limitation of lymph node cytology is: It does not assess architecture of the lymph node. It cannot detect neoplastic cells. It always causes severe haemorrhage. It is more invasive than excisional biopsy.

During horse exam, handler and examiner should: Stand on opposite sides. Same side. One in front, one behind. Rotate randomly.

Which diagnostic method is most useful for evaluating mesenteric lymph nodes?. Ultrasonography. Endoscopy. Electrocardiography. Otoscopy.

Which lymph nodes are normally palpable in healthy dogs?. Mandibular, prescapular, axillary (sometimes), superficial inguinal, popliteal. All thoracic and abdominal lymph nodes. Only mesenteric lymph nodes. No lymph nodes are normally palpable.

A fearful dog may show: Tail wagging. Lip retraction. Relaxed ears. Steady posture.

Metastatic involvement of a lymph node means: Neoplastic cells spread from another primary site. Primary lymphoma of that node. Infectious lymphadenitis. Normal reactive hyperplasia.

From which side should a horse generally be approached during examination?. Left side (near side). Right side (off side). From behind. Directly in front.

Which of the following sounds is detected during auscultation of the alimentary tract?. Murmurs. Crackles. Borborygmus (intestinal sounds). Stridor.

Which is the best landmark for palpating the prescapular lymph node?. In front of the shoulder joint, cranial to the scapula. Behind the knee. Over the sternum. Near the base of the tail.

Which gauge needle is commonly used for fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes?. 18G. 20G. 22-23G. 26G.

What is the normal resting heart rate of adult cattle?. 60–80 beats per minute. 20–40 beats per minute. 100–140 beats per minute. 10–20 beats per minute.

Which of the following signs indicates a fearful or aggressive cat?. Purring softly. Ears back and hissing. Rubbing against the owner. Kneading with front paws.

Which BCS category corresponds to a dog with ribs difficult to palpate and slight abdominal distension?. 1/9. 5/9. 7/9. 9/9.

Metastatic carcinoma in a lymph node is identified cytologically by: Clusters of epithelial cells with malignant features. Only small lymphocytes. Abundant eosinophils. Necrotic debris alone.

Splenic torsion in dogs is most often associated with: Gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV). Pancreatitis. Renal failure. Otitis externa.

The most effective way to prevent infection transmission is: Hand hygiene. Boots. Gown color. Writing notes.

An otoscope is used to examine: External ear canal and tympanic membrane. Eye lens. Heart valves. Larynx.

A firm consistency in palpation is similar to: Bone. Normal liver. Air pocket. Skin.