prope primer parcial pt3

When is it advisable to place a muzzle on a dog during examination?. When the dog shows aggression or risk of biting. For all dogs regardless of behaviour. Never, under any circumstances. Only during auscultation.

Which is the single most effective measure to prevent infection transmission in clinical practice?. Proper hand hygiene. Wearing boots. Using an apron. Spraying disinfectant in the room.

The primary role of gloves in clinical examination is: Protecting both examiner and patient from contamination. Improving palpation sensitivity. Reinforcing auscultation sounds. Replacing hand hygiene.

Which is a simple and effective way to restrain a calf?. Grasping under the chest and around the hindquarters. Using a twitch. Pulling the tail strongly. Using a towel wrap.

Splenic congestion may occur in which situation?. Right-sided heart failure. Otitis media. Arthritis. Dermatitis.

Tactile percussion is used mainly to: Detect fluid wave in abdominal cavity. Assess lung resonance. Evaluate reflexes. Measure heart rate.

What is the most common cause of external lymphadenopathy in dogs?. Neoplastic disease. Parasitic infection. Skin diseases. Allergic reactions.

In the evaluation of mental status, 'coma' refers to: Normal alertness. Exaggerated response to stimuli. Response only to painful stimuli. Complete lack of response.

What is the recommended duration for effective handwashing with soap and water?. At least 20 seconds. 5 seconds. 1 minute minimum. Until hands feel dry.

Splenic infarctions are usually caused by: Thromboembolic disease. Otitis interna. Foreign bodies. Fractures.

Which is NOT a differential diagnosis for splenomegaly?. Neoplasia. Congestion. Hyperplasia. Otitis externa.

What finding indicates bacterial lymphadenitis on cytology?. Intracellular bacteria within neutrophils. Fungal hyphae. Clusters of carcinoma cells. Pure small lymphocytes.

Which is NOT a common cause of lymphadenopathy?. Infectious disease. Neoplasia. Congenital cataracts. Immune-mediated disease.

Lip chain in horses is mainly used in: Foals. Breeding stallions. Donkeys. Ponies.

What is the normal rectal temperature of goats?. 38.5–40.0 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.0 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which cytological finding suggests fungal lymphadenitis?. Yeast or hyphal organisms within macrophages. Clusters of epithelial cells. Pure small lymphocytes. Necrotic debris alone.

Which BCS score indicates severe obesity in dogs?. 5/9. 7/9. 9/9. 3/9.

Which cytological feature indicates lymphoid hyperplasia?. Increased number of small lymphocytes and plasma cells. Predominance of mast cells. Only necrotic debris. Clusters of carcinoma cells.

Excisional biopsy of a lymph node is indicated when: Cytology results are inconclusive. All nodes are enlarged. Reactive hyperplasia is obvious. Nodes are normal.

Which thermometer placement gives the most reliable measurement of core temperature in small animals?. Rectal. Oral. Axillary. Ear canal.

Which change is usually detected by inspection during clinical exam?. Size. Temperature. Tone. Heart rhythm.

Which of the following should be assessed when palpating lymph nodes?. Size, consistency, mobility and pain. Colour, odour and taste. Heart rate and rhythm. Lung sounds.

In veterinary clinical examination, the acronym BAR means: Bright, Alert and Responsive. Balanced, Active and Reactive. Brisk, Aware and Ready. Basic, Attentive and Reliable.

The safest position when examining a horse is: Standing close to the shoulder. Directly behind the hindquarters. Far away at the flank. Lying under the abdomen.

Normal lymph node cytology is mostly composed of: Macrophages. Plasma cells. Lymphocytes. Neutrophils.

The main goal of biosecurity in veterinary hospitals is: Prevent transmission of infectious agents between animals and humans. Improve hospital decoration. Replace vaccination. Increase number of patients.

What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult dog?. 60-120 bpm. 20-40 bpm. 150-200 bpm. 10-20 bpm.

What is the normal rectal temperature of pigs?. 38.7–39.8 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.5 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which cytological feature is most consistent with lymphoma?. Predominance of large lymphoblasts with prominent nucleoli. Mixture of small lymphocytes and macrophages. Abundant neutrophils. Predominantly plasma cells.

What is the most common consequence of blunt trauma to the spleen?. Splenic rupture. Splenic torsion. Splenomegaly. Splenitis.

Eosinophil-rich lymph node cytology is associated with: Parasitic or allergic diseases. Fungal infections. Metastatic carcinoma. Normal response.

A fluctuating consistency indicates: Gas presence. Fluid wave. Bone fracture. Muscle tone.

Protective masks are mainly used to: Reduce risk of inhaling infectious aerosols. Improve communication. Facilitate palpation. Reduce ambient noise.

Which of the following practices is recommended for feline-friendly handling?. Direct eye contact with the cat. Allowing the cat to remain in its carrier if comfortable. Using loud voices to reassure the cat. Shaking the cat out of the carrier.

Histiocytic proliferation in lymph nodes may indicate: Histiocytic sarcoma. Lymphoid hyperplasia. Normal reactive node. Parasitic disease.

Main function of Elizabethan collar is: Facilitate auscultation. Prevent licking wounds. Restrain movement. Protect ears.

Chemical restraint should be considered when. Safe handling is compromised. Always with puppies. Never with horses. To replace exam.

Lymphadenopathy is defined as: Abnormal size, number or consistency of lymph nodes. Absence of lymph nodes. Presence of oedema. Inflammation of the spleen.

What is the normal respiratory rate of sheep?. 12–20 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 30–60 breaths per minute. 60–100 breaths per minute.

Which of the following is NOT a classical method of clinical examination?. Inspection. Palpation. Percussion. Fluoroscopy.

During blood collection in dogs, the assistant should: Hold the dog firmly while keeping the vein accessible. Distract the dog with food. Close the dog's mouth with tape. Lie the dog on its back.

Adherence of a lymph node to surrounding tissue suggests: Malignant neoplasia or severe chronic inflammation. Normal condition. Physiological response. Congenital defect.

Alcohol-based hand sanitisers are effective against: Most bacteria and viruses but not spores. All microbial life including spores. Only fungi. Only parasites.

Which systemic condition may accompany malignant lymphoma?. Paraneoplastic hypercalcaemia. Hypoglycaemia. Polycythaemia. Hyperthyroidism.

Why are submandibular lymph nodes often avoided for diagnostic cytology?. They are frequently reactive due to oral and dental disease. They are too small to sample. They are always neoplastic. They are not palpable.

A dull percussion sound is typical when percussing over: Air-filled lungs. Solid organs like the liver or heart. Trachea. Stomach with gas.

Which part of the spleen is mainly responsible for blood filtration and erythrocyte removal?. Red pulp. White pulp. Capsule. Hilum.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?. Immune surveillance. Iron recycling. Platelet storage. Insulin secretion.

Which splenic structures are responsible for immune function?. White pulp. Red pulp. Capsule. Trabeculae.

Chronic inflammatory lymph nodes are typically: Firm, fibrotic, sometimes adherent to surrounding tissue. Extremely painful and soft. Always malignant. Not palpable.

Which of the following is usually assessed during distant examination?. Posture and gait. Liver consistency. Rectal tone. Heart valve sounds.

When lifting a medium-sized dog onto the table, the correct method is: One arm under the chest and the other under the hindquarters. Pulling the collar strongly. Lifting by forelimbs only. Using the tail for support.

Which blood cells are primarily removed from circulation by the spleen?. Aged or damaged erythrocytes. Platelets. Neutrophils. Lymphoblasts.

A resonant percussion sound is characteristic of: Air-containing organs such as normal lungs. Solid organs like liver. Fluid-filled cavities. Bone tissue.

Which lymph nodes are most commonly involved in the spread of oral melanoma in dogs?. Mandibular lymph nodes. Popliteal lymph nodes. Mesenteric lymph nodes. Superficial inguinal lymph nodes.

Which is NOT part of a complete nutritional assessment?. Diet history. Fur colour preference. Muscle condition score. Body condition score.

Pharmacological immobilization in dogs is indicated when: Always required. Needed for safety and comfort. Owner insists. For play.

On large farms, restraint methods often include: Traditional recumbency techniques. Laser collars. Soft toys. Automatic feeders.