prope primer parcial pt4

Ballottement is a palpation technique used to detect: Floating viscera or abdominal masses. Skin lesions. Lameness. Heart murmurs.

What is the predominant cell type in normal lymph node cytology?. Small mature lymphocytes. Macrophages. Plasma cells. Neutrophils.

Suppurative lymphadenitis is most often caused by: Bacterial infection. Viral disease. Allergic reaction. Congenital defect.

Which of the following is a common primary neoplasm of the spleen in cats?. Lymphoma. Osteosarcoma. Fibrosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma.

Protective aprons are mainly used to: Protect clothing and skin from contamination. Enhance auscultation. Improve palpation. Replace restraint.

Footbaths at the entrance of hospital areas are designed to: Reduce microbial contamination carried on footwear. Dry the boots. Decorate the floor. Measure humidity.

Which is NOT a common cause of lymph node enlargement?. Infection. Fracture. Immune-mediated disease. Neoplasia.

Which lymph nodes are usually palpable in healthy dogs?. All nodes. Only superficial nodes. Only deep nodes. None.

What is a typical finding in dogs with BCS 2/9?. Prominent ribs and pelvic bones with minimal fat cover. Massive fat deposits. Normal waist. Abdominal distension.

What is a key precaution when restraining camelids?. Avoid holding the head too tightly to prevent stress and regurgitation. Always use ropes to tie the legs. Blindfold is mandatory. Never allow the animal to see the handler.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis is commonly associated with: Fungal or mycobacterial infections. Viral infections. Parasitic infestation. Trauma.

What is the normal respiratory rate of goats?. 15–30 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 40–60 breaths per minute. 60–100 breaths per minute.

An arched lumbosacral area (kyphosis) may indicate: Liver failure. Prostatic pain. Otitis externa. Normal posture.

What is the function of a reflex hammer?. Testing deep tendon reflexes. Measuring pulse. Performing auscultation. Inspecting mucous membranes.

Ballottement technique helps detect: Intestinal motility. Floating viscera. Pulmonary sounds. Neurologic reflexes.

In the 'Rule of 20', which is the first parameter to assess in a critical patient?. Oxygenation and ventilation. Nutrition. Pain control. Electrolytes.

Eosinophilic lymphadenitis is most often associated with: Parasitic or allergic conditions. Bacterial infections. Viral diseases. Congenital defects.

Which description corresponds to 'stupor' in mental status evaluation?. Normal bright alertness. No response except to painful stimuli. Exaggerated movements and frenzy. Convulsive activity.

Which of the following is commonly assessed during distant examination?. Posture and gait. Liver size. Kidney consistency. Cardiac valve sounds.

Which is the minimum physical restraint that should always be used during a physical examination of a horse?. Halter and lead rope. Nose twitch. Lip chain. Blindfold.

Which device may cause dyspnea or hyperthermia if used for too long in dogs?. Muzzle. Elizabethan collar. Harness. Lead rope.

Which is a limitation of fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes?. Lack of architectural information. Inability to detect neoplastic cells. Requires general anaesthesia. Always causes severe haemorrhage.

On a 5-point BCS scale, which scores represent ideal condition for cats?. 2.5–3. 1. 4.5-5. 0.5.

On a 9-point scale, what is the ideal body condition score (BCS) for dogs?. 1-3. 4-5. 6-7. 8-9.

Lymphadenitis is defined as: Inflammation of a lymph node. Neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes. Absence of lymph nodes. Increased lymph flow.

What is the most common malignant tumour of the canine spleen?. Hemangiosarcoma. Lymphoma. Liposarcoma. Osteosarcoma.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate of an adult cat?. 20–30 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 60–80 breaths per minute. 40–60 breaths per minute.

Which part of the spleen is mainly responsible for immune functions?. White pulp. Red pulp. Capsule. Hilum.

Why should a twitch not be left on a horse for too long?. It can damage tissues and lose effectiveness. It sedates the horse permanently. It causes blindness. It replaces sedation completely.

Percussion in clinical examination is: Palpating the abdomen. Listening to heart sounds. Striking body parts to obtain information about underlying tissues. Inspecting mucous membranes.

A dull percussion sound is typical of: Liver or heart. Intestines with gas. Lungs. Skin.

In acute lymphadenitis, lymph nodes are usually: Enlarged, hot, painful and soft. Small, firm and non-painful. Adherent to surrounding tissues. Calcified and hard.

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes drain mainly: Caudal mammary glands, prepuce, scrotum and ventral abdominal wall. Thoracic limbs. Head and neck. Lungs.

What is the typical cytological finding of leishmaniasis in lymph nodes?. Macrophages containing amastigotes. Clusters of carcinoma cells. Abundant eosinophils. Necrotic debris alone.

First step of horse restraint is often: Blindfold. Lift a limb. Apply twitch. Chain over nose.

Most common cause of enlarged sternal LNs in dogs is: Bacterial infection. Lymphoma. Fungal disease. Allergy.

Where is the popliteal lymph node located?. Behind the stifle joint, caudal aspect of the hind limb. In the axilla. In the inguinal region. At the angle of the jaw.

Which diagnostic technique is most useful to evaluate spleen size and parenchyma?. Endoscopy. Ultrasonography. Electrocardiography. Otoscopy.

Which protozoal parasite may be detected in lymph node aspirates?. Leishmania spp. Babesia spp. Toxoplasma gondii. Giardia spp.

What is the normal resting heart rate of goats?. 70–90 beats per minute. 20–40 beats per minute. 100–140 beats per minute. 40–60 beats per minute.

Abundant plasma cells in lymph node cytology may indicate: Chronic antigenic stimulation. Acute suppurative inflammation. Lymphoma. Normal finding in all dogs.

Which cytological finding is most consistent with lymphoma?. Monomorphic population of large lymphoblasts. Mixed small lymphocytes and plasma cells. Abundant neutrophils. Clusters of epithelial cells.

What is the normal resting heart rate of sheep?. 70–90 beats per minute. 20–40 beats per minute. 100–140 beats per minute. 40–60 beats per minute.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate of an adult dog?. 10–30 breaths per minute. 30–60 breaths per minute. 5–10 breaths per minute. 40–80 breaths per minute.

An accessory spleen is: A congenital anomaly consisting of additional splenic tissue. A splenic neoplasm. An infectious lesion. A traumatic lesion.

What is the normal resting respiratory rate of an adult horse?. 8–16 breaths per minute. 20–40 breaths per minute. 30–50 breaths per minute. 40–60 breaths per minute.

What is a common restraint technique for sheep?. Sitting the animal on its rump (tipping). Applying a twitch. Wrapping in a towel. Blindfolding.

When restraining a foal, it is recommended to: Keep the mare nearby to reduce stress. Separate the foal completely. Blindfold the foal immediately. Apply a twitch to the foal.

What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult horse?. 28–44 beats per minute. 60–100 beats per minute. 100–140 beats per minute. 10–20 beats per minute.

Best side to approach a horse is: Right side. Front. Left side. Behind.

Inflammation of lymph nodes is called: Lymphadenitis. Lymphoma. Lymphadenopathy. Leukaemia.

Clinical waste such as contaminated bandages should be disposed of: In designated biohazard containers or bags. With regular household trash. Burned openly. Flushed in the sink.

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic classification of enlarged lymph nodes?. Reactive hyperplasia. Lymphoma. Metastatic neoplasia. Hyperthyroidism.

In cats, enlarged lymph nodes are most often due to: Inflammatory disease. Neoplasia. Hematologic disease. Parasites.

What is the normal rectal temperature of sheep?. 38.5–40.0 °C. 36.0–37.0 °C. 40.5–41.0 °C. 37.0–37.5 °C.

Which is the correct order for removing PPE to reduce contamination risk?. Gloves → Gown → Goggles/face shield → Mask. Mask → Gloves → Goggles → Gown. Goggles → Mask → Gown → Gloves. Any order is acceptable.

Which diagnostic technique is most used to evaluate enlarged lymph nodes?. Fine needle aspiration. CT scan. MRI. Urinalysis.

Obesity in dogs is usually defined as: More than 20% above ideal body weight. 10% below ideal body weight. 5% above ideal body weight. Equal to ideal body weight.

What is the first-line diagnostic method for enlarged peripheral lymph nodes?. Fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology. CT scan. MRI.

Scruffing technique in cats is: Recommended always. Controversial and only in emergencies. Never allowed. Mandatory.

What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult cat?. 140–220 beats per minute. 60–120 beats per minute. 30–50 beats per minute. 220–300 beats per minute.

Why are lymph nodes examined during cancer staging?. To assess for metastatic spread. To detect anaemia. To evaluate kidney function. To measure heart rate.

For cat-friendly handling, it is recommended to: Shake the cat out. Allow cat to stay in carrier if relaxed. Use nets first. Avoid towels.

Greyhounds with an ideal BCS may have body fat percentage around: 7%. 20%. 30%. 50%.

What is the normal rectal temperature of an adult horse?. 37.0–38.5 °C. 35.0–36.0 °C. 39.0–40.5 °C. 36.0–36.5 °C.

Excisional biopsy of lymph nodes is mainly performed when: Cytology is inconclusive and histopathology is required. The node is always malignant. The node is not palpable. Reactive hyperplasia is confirmed.

Localised lymphadenopathy refers to: Enlargement of a single lymph node or group of nodes. Enlargement of all lymph nodes. Congenital absence of nodes. Splenomegaly.

Which feature is typical of an ideal body condition score in dogs?. Visible waist and abdominal tuck. Flat abdomen without tuck. Pendulous abdomen. No visible waist.

Greyhounds with BCS 5/9 may have body fat. 7%. 20%. 31%. 50%.

Lymphedema is best defined as: Excess of plasma proteins in blood. Local edema caused by lymphatic obstruction. Fluid accumulation in pleural cavity. Inflammation of lymphatic vessels.

What is the normal resting heart rate of an adult dog?. 60–120 beats per minute. 20–40 beats per minute. 150–200 beats per minute. 10–20 beats per minute.

What is a major risk of splenic biopsy or fine needle aspiration?. Severe haemorrhage. Hyperthermia. Dyspnoea. Skin necrosis.

Tympanic percussion sound is associated with: Hollow organs containing gas under pressure (e.g. rumen, stomach). Normal lung fields. liver. Heart.

Granulomatous lymphadenitis cytology is characterised by: Macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Predominantly neutrophils. Clusters of carcinoma cells. Pure lymphoblasts.

Splenic rupture most often leads to: Ascites. Haemoperitoneum and shock. Dyspnoea. Epistaxis.