Prueba de control de Calidad

From which populations the reference values are made?. Sick populations. Healtyh populations. Mixed populations. Age populations.

In what year was the theory of reference values created?. 1985. 1987. 1986. 1989.

Why the health of the populations is a requirement. Statistics. Range. Normal values. Responsability.

What´s the minimum number of total data that should be used in the non-parametric method?. 150. 120. 130. 140.

Which of the following criteria pertain to exclusion criteria?. Risk factors. Environmental factors. Genetic factors. Personal habits.

What is the main objective of CLSI?. To develop drugs for the treatment of diseases. To establish standards for use in medical laboratories. To provide diagnostic training to physicians. To conduct clinical research only.

What is the difference between a reference value and a critical value?. Reference value is the range within which a healthy person's results are expected to fall, whereas a critical value is a potentially life-threatening result for the patient. Reference value is the range that informs that the patient needs immediate medical attention, while critical value is a pathological result. Reference value is the result of a healthy person, while critical value indicates whether the result is normal or abnormal. Reference value is a life-threatening result, while critical value needs immediate medical attention.

The correct order of the steps for the determination of reference values is: Population selection, sampling, statistical analysis. Sampling, processing, statistical analysis. Selection of the population, informed consent, sampling. Statistical analysis, sampling, processing.

Select, to which the following concept belongs: Constant deviations of the control results with respect to the Reference Value (expected mean). They are detected as gradual changes or shifts in the control chart. Systematic errors. Random errors. Continuous accuracy control. Bias or inaccuracy.

What is an outlier in a data set?. A value that occurs most frequently within the set. An average value that represents the general behavior of the data. A value that is inconsistent or very different from the rest of the set. d. A value that has been statistically adjusted to fit the mean.

What best describes the process of transferring a reference interval in a clinical laboratory?. Establishing new reference values without considering previous procedures. Adapting an existing reference interval to a new measurement method or setting. Comparing the results of two methods without adjusting the reference intervals. Eliminating old reference intervals to adopt those provided by the manufacturer.

What is recommended after transferring a reference interval to ensure it is valid in the new laboratory?. Apply the interval without performing any additional analysis. Use results from any group of patients without defined criteria. Evaluate the results of 20 individuals who meet the established criteria. Automatically change the measurement procedure if there are differences.

What is intra-individual biological variation (IBV)?. The variability between different populations. The variability caused by analytical error. The variability of a biological parameter within the same individual. The variation due to seasonal changes.

Why is the reference interval less useful for analytes with high inter-individual variability?. Because they always indicate disease. Because their values vary significantly between individuals. Because they are not influenced by biological cycles. Because they have no clinical relevance.

Which analyte is known to have low intra-individual and high inter-individual variability?. Creatinine. Iron. Glucose. Cortisol.

What data allows us to update, at the same time, the probability of obtaining a result in a range using previous information?. Reference value of change (RCV). Bayesian data network. Bayesian model. Mixed effects models.

The most important advantage of this method is that it's widely tested and proven, and therefore widely used and well-known. What is it?. Classic model. Mixed effects models. Bayesian model. Indirect methods. Big data.

Which has multiple applications in various fields of the clinical laboratory, such as internal control of the analytical process, external quality assurance programs?. Bayesian model. Reference value change and delta check. Biological variation. ROC curve.

Which of the following is a quantitative method?. Urine rapid test. Viral antigen detection. Plasma glucose test. Pregnancy rapid test.

When should validation be done?. Only once. When a new test or equipment is used. Only during inspections. Every year without reason.

What parameter is used to measure biological variability?. Birth rate. Coefficient of variation. Absolute value. Age range.

What is the relationship between standard deviation and coefficient of variation for precision?. The smaller the standard deviation and the smaller the variation, the greater the precision. The larger the standard deviation and the smaller the variation, the greater the precision. The larger the standard deviation and the larger the variation, the greater the precision. The smaller the standard deviation and the smaller the variation, the smaller the precision.

Which of the following best describes systematic error?. It is unpredictable and due to chance alone. It can be expressed as a coefficient of variation. It is a constant deviation between the measured mean and the true value. It occurs only when measurements are repeated under different conditions.

What is the correct formula to calculate the total error in an analytical system?. Total error = systematic error + random error. Total error = systematic error + 1.65 + random error. Total error = systematic error + 1.65 × random error. Total error = M met – M int + random error.

There are three phases that help us determine the clinical usefulness of diagnostic tests. Indicate which of the following phases present false negatives after the patient has undergone a new analysis test. Evaluation of the diagnostic validity of the index test. Evaluation of the clinical consequences of introducing a new diagnostic test. Normal values and their potential diagnostic use. Long-term consequences of analytical testing.

Why is a test with high sensitivity especially useful for ruling out communicable diseases in a public health context?. Because it guarantees that all sick individuals are treated appropriately. Because it minimizes the possibility of obtaining false positives in healthy people. Because it detects almost all real cases, reducing false negatives. Because it allows us to confirm with certainty that an individual has the disease.

Which of the following components of the FT Model focuses on the accuracy of the results obtained by a diagnostic test?. Technical Efficiency. Diagnostic Accuracy. Therapeutic Efficacy. Social Efficiency.

Positive predictive value indicates: Probability of being healthy with a negative test. Probability of being sick with a positive test. Method accuracy. Result repeatability.

What influences predictive values?. Technician’s age. Patient’s education. Disease prevalence. Test tube color.

Negative predictive value indicates: Probability of being sick with a negative test. Probability of being healthy with a negative test. Number of errors. Sample size.

What does the Y-axis represent in a ROC curve?. The false positive rate. The specificity of the test. The sensitivity or true positive rate. The highest cut-off value.

What does it mean when a ROC curve is closer to the upper left corner of the graph?. The test has a higher rate of false positives. The test has poor diagnostic performance. The test detects more patients with fewer errors. The test depends on a single decision threshold.

The area under the curve (AUC) represents: Lab size. Patient accuracy. Test’s diagnostic ability. Blood volume.

Delta checks are internal quality control tools used in clinical laboratories. What is their primary purpose?. To confirm if a result falls within the population reference Interval. To detect significant changes that may reflect errors or new clinical conditions. To calibrate instruments automatically when variation is detected. To validate test results based on patient symptoms.

What condition must be met for a change between two sequential results to exceed the Reference Change Value (RCV)?. It must be outside the biological reference Interval. It must reflect an improvement in clinical condition. It must exceed both analytical and intra-individual biological variation. It must occur within a short testing interval.

What can trigger a delta check?. Slight, unimportant changes. Repeated results. Sudden change between two results. Typing error in name.

Which of the following statements correctly describes one of the models established at the 2014 Milan consensus for analytical quality?. Model 1 is based solely on the availability of financial resources. Model 2 is based on patients’ opinions about the laboratory. Model 2 is based on the components of the biological variation of the quantities. Model 3 prioritizes clinical outcomes over the technology used.

What is one of the main purposes of periodic evaluations in an analytical quality control system?. To replace trained personnel with automated systems. To measure laboratory profitability on a quarterly basis. To identify performance deviations and validate methods used. To avoid revising laboratory procedures unless absolutely necessary.

What is the main goal of analytical quality?. Decorate reports. Minimize wait time. Ensure reliable and clinically useful results. Promote the lab brand.