Qualitative

A researcher is studying the impact of a new teaching method on students' test scores. What type of variable are the students' test scores?. Independent variable. Dependent variable. Control variable. Confounding variable.

Why is it important to consider the level of measurement of variables?. It makes no difference in data analysis. It only affects qualitative research. It simplifies the research design process. It determines the types of statistical analyses that can be used.

To measure students' attitudes towards online learning, a researcher uses a Likert scale (e.g., strongly agree to strongly disagree). What type of scale is being used?. Nominal scale. Interval scale. Ratio scale. Ordinal scale.

What type of variable is 'native language' (e.g., English, Spanish, French)?. Ordinal variable. Nominal variable. Ratio variable. Interval variable.

A study investigates whether gender affects second language acquisition. What type of variable is 'gender'?. Ordinal variable. Nominal variable. Ratio variable. Interval variable.

When measuring students' heights in centimeters, what type of variable is 'height'?. Ordinal variable. Interval variable. Nominal variable. Ratio variable.

In a study examining the relationship between language learning motivation and academic achievement, what type of variable is 'language learning motivation'?. Continuous variable. Independent variable. Extraneous variable. Dependent variable.

In a study examining the relationship between language learning motivation and academic achievement, what type of variable is 'language learning motivation'?. Continuous variable. Independent variable. Extraneous variable. Dependent variable.

If a researcher is measuring temperature in Celsius, what type of scale is being used?. Ordinal scale. Interval scale. Nominal scale. Ratio scale.

Which of the following is an example of a constant in a research study?. The different teaching methods used. The participants' language proficiency levels. The age of the participants, if all participants are the same age. The participants' test scores.

In a study comparing the effectiveness of two different teaching methods, what is the purpose of identifying key variables?. To control all aspects of the study. To make the study more subjective. To eliminate the need for data analysis. To analyze the relationship between the teaching methods and student outcomes.

What does the process of 'operationalization' help researchers to do?. Formulate hypotheses. Develop research questions. Select research participants. Define variables in measurable terms.

In quantitative research, what does 'measurement' involve?. Developing philosophical arguments. Interpreting subjective experiences. Describing phenomena in words. Assigning numerical values to variables.

A researcher defines 'classroom engagement' by specifying observable behaviors such as 'number of questions asked' and 'time spent on task'. What process is this?. Conceptualization. Operationalization. Hypothesizing. Generalization.

A researcher wants to categorize students based on their language proficiency levels (beginner, intermediate, advanced). What type of variable is 'language proficiency level'?. Ordinal variable. Ratio variable. Nominal variable. Interval variable.

A researcher is analyzing the number of errors students make in a writing task. What kind of variable is 'number of errors'?. Dichotomous variable. Continuous variable. Discrete variable. Categorical variable.

A researcher is studying the relationship between students' study habits and their grades. What is a potential confounding variable?. Students' prior academic knowledge. Students' study time. Students' motivation levels. Students' test scores.

A researcher is studying the effect of sleep duration (in hours) on test performance. What type of variable is 'sleep duration'?. Ordinal variable. Nominal variable. Discrete variable. Continuous variable.

Why is it important for researchers to clearly define their variables?. To make the study more complex. To allow for subjective interpretation of the results. To ensure that the variables can be measured consistently and accurately. To avoid the need for statistical analysis.

What is the primary focus of quantitative research in relation to variables?. Exploring the subjective experiences of individuals. Analyzing the relationships between variables using numerical data. Developing new philosophical theories about variables. Describing variables through detailed narratives.