QUALITATIVE

What is one major limitation of covert observation?. It may be considered unethical or intrusive. It requires minimal training. It limits the types of data collected. It cannot be used in public settings.

Which of the following is NOT considered a key stage in the research process?. Ignore existing literature. Define the issue or question. Collect information. Draw conclusions.

What type of questions are typically used in qualitative interviews?. Open-ended questions. Closed-ended questions. Multiple-choice questions. Yes/No questions.

Which of the following is a key element of observation in qualitative research?. Watching behavior and events in context. Survey design. Conducting laboratory experiments. Analyzing numerical data from questionnaires.

What are the three processes involved in observation during data collection?. Attention, perception, and sensation. Observation, analysis, and experimentation. Listening, reading, and writing. Coding, categorization, and synthesis.

In narrative inquiry, which source of information can participants use to record their life experiences?. Journal or diary entries. Statistical surveys. Group discussions. Experiments.

How can case studies contribute to theory development?. By providing in-depth insights that can refine existing theories or suggest new ones. By proving theories through numerical data. By offering generalized results applicable to all contexts. By focusing only on historical data.

What is one way researchers can maintain confidentiality in qualitative research?. By anonymizing participant data in reports. By publishing all participant details in the study. By sharing participant data with third parties. By using participants' real names in all documentation.

What is the primary goal of educational research?. To provide solutions to pedagogical issues. To collect statistical data. To measure classroom attendance. To compare teaching methods across schools.

How does a multiple case study differ from a single case study?. It investigates several cases, each with its own findings. It focuses only on one case at a time. It requires less data collection. It is less rigorous than a single case study.

Which component helps researchers allocate gaps to support a relevant topic for a study?. Literature review. Research methodology. Statistical analysis. Personal experience.

In participant observation, what is the role of the researcher?. To actively engage and immerse in the social setting. To remain detached from the participants. To only use electronic devices for recording. To collect numerical data without interaction.

What should researchers do before collecting information?. Plan and identify research questions. Conduct the analysis. Discard all previous studies. Skip directly to writing conclusions.

What is the main focus of qualitative data collection methods in research?. Understanding behaviors and social phenomena through non-numerical data. Collecting numerical data through surveys. Analyzing statistical trends. Creating economic models for predictions.

What does paradigmatic-type narrative inquiry focus on?. Collecting stories to produce taxonomies and categories. Testing hypotheses through statistical analysis. Analyzing past research to create new frameworks. Developing experimental designs.

What is an essential component of ethical research involving human subjects?. Respect for participants' autonomy and rights. Conducting research without ethical review. Prioritizing research outcomes over participant welfare. Using deception without debriefing.

What are the three dimensions involved in retelling a story through narrative inquiry?. Personal and social interaction, continuity, and place. Time, place, character. Structure, theme, conclusion. Problem, solution, outcome.

What should educational research be based on to ensure accuracy?. Peer-reviewed articles. Personal opinions. Pragmatic evidence. Assumptions.

Which method allows students to become problem solvers in their classwork through inquiry?. Learning mode. Logical processes. Paradigmatic narrative. Statistical analysis.

What is a common consequence of unethical behavior in research?. Misconduct charges and damage to professional reputation. Faster publication. Increased credibility. Greater research funding.

Which characteristic is essential for a research process to be considered scientific?. Systematic planning. Flexibility. Randomness. Subjectivity.

What type of inquiry is focused on collecting events and happenings to produce explanatory stories?. Narrative-type inquiry. Paradigmatic inquiry. Descriptive inquiry. Analytical inquiry.

Which of the following is NOT a typical source of qualitative data?. Multiple-choice surveys. Observations. Interviews. Document analysis.

What is a key disadvantage of using unstructured observation?. Observer bias can affect the interpretation. It is less accurate than structured observation. It requires high levels of statistical knowledge. It cannot be applied to social settings.

What does the term 'discourse analysis' refer to in qualitative research?. The study of language use in social contexts. A method for statistical data analysis. The process of coding qualitative data. Only analyzing written texts.

What are the main phases of conducting a case study?. Foundation, Pre-field, Field, and Reporting phases. Data collection, Hypothesis testing, Analysis, Conclusion. Sampling, Data collection, Testing, Verification. Introduction, Literature review, Hypothesis testing, Conclusion.

What is a key ethical consideration in qualitative research involving children?. Ensuring parental consent and child assent. Minimizing the number of participants. Conducting research without informing parents. Using children as research subjects without guidelines.

What is one of the primary focuses of educational researchers?. Learner motivation. Movie reviews. Travel preferences. Consumer behavior.

What is the role of objectivity in educational research?. To ensure valid and unbiased results. To influence policy with personal opinions. To prioritize one student group over another. To minimize the importance of peer review.

What is the primary goal of ethical research?. To protect the rights and welfare of participants. To maximize data collection at any cost. To ensure funding is secured. To simplify the research process.

In which of the following stages of research would writing a report be most appropriate?. After data collection and analysis. Before identifying the issue. During the hypothesis formulation. At the start of the research process.

What are the two basic goals of scientific research?. Generation of knowledge and solving problems. Entertainment and profit. Testing consumer products and generating income. Measuring trends and behaviors.

How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?. It emphasizes interpretation and context. It focuses more on numerical data. It uses only structured experiments. It requires large sample sizes.

What is the main goal of qualitative interviews?. To gather in-depth insights into participants' thoughts and experiences. To collect standardized data for comparison. To conduct statistical analysis. To eliminate all researcher influence.

Which of the following best describes scientific research?. A systematic and planned approach to generating knowledge. A random and spontaneous process. A method of entertainment. A method of testing consumer products.

What is a crucial aspect of reporting case study findings?. Providing rich, detailed descriptions of the context and cases. Focusing solely on statistical analysis. Minimizing participant voices in the findings. Limiting the report to a single conclusion.

What does the execution phase in educational research involve?. Data collection and analysis. Hypothesis formulation. Literature review. Writing the research report.

Which of the following is NOT a source of data for narrative inquiry?. Numerical data. Field notes. Photographs. Journals.

Which is a characteristic of educational research methods?. They apply both structured and unstructured questions. They are only theoretical. They focus only on quantitative data. They are subjective and non-replicable.

What is an important aspect of designing qualitative interviews?. Creating a comfortable and open environment for participants. Using only closed-ended questions. Limiting the duration of the interview to 10 minutes. Avoiding interaction with participants.

What should be identified first in the research process?. Research problem or question. Theoretical framework. Work plan. Data analysis methods.

Why is learning scientific research important for undergraduates?. To remain competitive and professionally effective. To ensure high grades in their courses. To avoid creative thinking. To increase personal fame.

What is an important aspect of qualitative data collection?. Engaging participants in open-ended discussions. Restricting participants to fixed responses. Using only closed-ended questions. Avoiding participant interaction.

Which methodology relies on systematic observation and structured interviews?. Qualitative research. Experimental research. Quantitative research. Historical research.

What is the primary goal of narrative inquiry in qualitative research?. Understanding personal experiences through storytelling. Generalizing findings to larger populations. Testing a scientific theory. Measuring trends in data.

How can researchers avoid plagiarism in their writing?. By properly citing all references and sources. By copying sections from other papers without citing. By rewording without referencing. By submitting the same paper to multiple journals.

How should researchers handle potential conflicts of interest?. Disclose the conflict to relevant stakeholders. Avoid mentioning it in the final report. Ignore the conflict and continue with the research. Keep the conflict secret from participants.

How do narrative researchers collaborate with participants during the research process?. By engaging participants in co-creating the narrative. By analyzing numerical data. By conducting experiments. By asking participants to submit surveys.

What is a case study primarily used for in qualitative research?. To investigate a contemporary phenomenon in its real-life context. To prove a hypothesis. To collect large sets of numerical data. To test laboratory experiments.