qualitative

What are the two main types of research mentioned in Unit 1?. a. Basic and applied research. b. Experimental and theoretical research. c. Quantitative and qualitative research. d. Descriptive and exploratory research.

What should researchers ensure when conducting a case study?. a. They use only quantitative methods. b. They maintain ethical standards and participant confidentiality. c. They disregard participant feedback. d. They avoid any form of literature review.

Which of the following is a key element of observation in qualitative research?. a. Conducting laboratory experiments. b. Survey design. c. Watching behavior and events in context. d. Analyzing numerical data from questionnaires.

Why is informed consent important in qualitative research?. a. It ensures participants understand the study and agree to participate voluntarily. b. It allows researchers to manipulate data. c. It simplifies the research process. d. It is not necessary for most studies.

In narrative inquiry, which source of information can participants use to record their life experiences?. a. Statistical surveys. b. Journal or diary entries. c. Group discussions. d. Experiment.

How should researchers handle potential conflicts of interest?. a. Keep the conflict secret from participants. b. Avoid mentioning it in the final report. c. Ignore the conflict and continue with the research. d. Disclose the conflict to relevant stakeholders.

What should educational research be based on to ensure accuracy?. a. Personal opinions. b. Peer-reviewed articles. c. Pragmatic evidence. d. Assumptions.

Which researcher emphasized that case studies do not have a fully structured protocol?. a. Robert Yin. b. Stephen Merriam. c. Creswell. d. Jack Baxter.

What role does the research question play in a qualitative study?. a. To avoid discussing gaps in previous research. b. To eliminate the need for objectives. c. To guide the research design and maintain the study’s scope. d. To dictate the methodology without flexibility.

What are the two types of narrative inquiry identified by Bruner (1985)?. a. Paradigmatic and narrative. b. Descriptive and analytical. c. Qualitative and quantitative. d. Critical and thematic.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of educational research?. a. Replicable. b. Objective. c. Based on pragmatic evidence. d. Subjective and opinion-based.

Why is reflexivity important in qualitative research?. a. It eliminates all forms of bias. b. It helps researchers acknowledge their biases and influence on the research. c. It simplifies the data collection process. d. It is only relevant to quantitative research.

Which of the following is NOT considered a key stage in the research process?. a. Ignore existing literature. b. Define the issue or question. c. Collect information. d. Draw conclusions.

What is the significance of a research ethics review board?. a. To enforce strict research methods. b. To fund research projects. c. To ensure that research proposals meet ethical standards. d. To limit the number of participants in studies.

How does a multiple case study differ from a single case study?. a. It requires less data collection. b. It focuses only on one case at a time. c. It investigates several cases, each with its own findings. d. It is less rigorous than a single case study.

What does paradigmatic-type narrative inquiry focus on?. a. Collecting stories to produce taxonomies and categories. b. Testing hypotheses through statistical analysis. c. Analyzing past research to create new frameworks. d. Developing experimental designs.

What is the main focus of qualitative data collection methods in research?. a. Creating economic models for predictions. b. Collecting numerical data through surveys. c. Analyzing statistical trends. d. Understanding behaviors and social phenomena through non-numerical data.

What is a central feature of inquiry in educational research according to the National Standards?. a. Applying logical and critical thinking to identify concepts. b. Developing technology solutions. c. Conducting large-scale surveys. d. Generating statistical models.

What is the purpose of conducting a literature review in a research project?. a. To identify gaps and provide a justification for further study. b. To replace the need for data collection. c. To confirm there is no need for further research. d. To compile unrelated studies without analysis.

What should a well-constructed research question help achieve?. a. To replace the need for objectives. b. To support the development of new knowledge and theories. c. To confirm existing data. d. To challenge the need for any theoretical framework.

What are the main phases of conducting a case study?. a. Introduction, Literature review, Hypothesis testing, Conclusion. b. Data collection, Hypothesis testing, Analysis, Conclusion. c. Sampling, Data collection, Testing, Verification. d. Foundation, Pre-field, Field, and Reporting phases.

What are the two basic goals of scientific research?. a. Testing consumer products and generating income. b. Entertainment and profit. c. Generation of knowledge and solving problems. d. Measuring trends and behaviors.

What is one major limitation of covert observation?. a. It may be considered unethical or intrusive. b. It requires minimal training. c. It limits the types of data collected. d. It cannot be used in public settings.

Which of the following best describes the outcome of a well-conducted case study?. a. Generalizable results applicable to all populations. b. In-depth understanding of the phenomenon within its context. c. Only numerical data for analysis. d. Limited findings due to a narrow focus.

What are the three stages conceptualized by Connelly & Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (1977) for using inquiry in qualitative research?. a. Logical processes, learning mode, intersection methodology. b. Observing, analyzing, and concluding. c. Hypothesizing, experimenting, concluding. d. Designing, collecting, interpreting.

What type of data does qualitative research primarily focus on?. a. Only statistical data. b. Non-numerical data that provides insights into experiences and perceptions. c. Only experimental data. d. Only data from surveys.

Which of the following is NOT a typical source of qualitative data?. a. Document analysis. b. Observations. c. Interviews. d. Multiple-choice surveys.

What should a well-constructed research question help achieve?. a. To support the development of new knowledge and theories. b. To replace the need for objectives. c. To confirm existing data. d. To challenge the need for any theoretical framework.

What is the main purpose of scientific research?. a. To compare different technologies. b. To entertain readers. c. To solve problems and generate knowledge. d. To analyze entertainment trend.

Which methodology relies on systematic observation and structured interviews?. a. Qualitative research. b. Experimental research. c. Quantitative research. d. Historical research.

What are the two main types of research mentioned in Unit 1?. a. Descriptive and exploratory research. b. Experimental and theoretical research. c. Quantitative and qualitative research. d. Basic and applied research.

What should researchers ensure when conducting a case study?. a. They use only quantitative methods. b. They maintain ethical standards and participant confidentiality. c. They disregard participant feedback. d. They avoid any form of literature review.

Which of the following is a key element of observation in qualitative research?. a. Watching behavior and events in context. b. Survey design. c. Conducting laboratory experiments. d. Analyzing numerical data from questionnaire.

Why is informed consent important in qualitative research?. a. It is not necessary for most studies. b. It allows researchers to manipulate data. c. It simplifies the research process. d. It ensures participants understand the study and agree to participate voluntarily.

How should researchers handle potential conflicts of interest?. a. Disclose the conflict to relevant stakeholders. b. Avoid mentioning it in the final report. c. Ignore the conflict and continue with the research. d. Keep the conflict secret from participant.

What should educational research be based on to ensure accuracy?. a. Pragmatic evidence. b. Personal opinions. c. Peer-reviewed articles. d. Assumptions.

In narrative inquiry, which source of information can participants use to record their life experiences?. a. Journal or diary entries. b. Statistical surveys. c. Group discussions. d. Experiments.

What role does the research question play in a qualitative study?. a. To guide the research design and maintain the study’s scope. b. To eliminate the need for objectives. c. To avoid discussing gaps in previous research. d. To dictate the methodology without flexibility.

What are the two types of narrative inquiry identified by Bruner (1985)?. a. Paradigmatic and narrative. b. Descriptive and analytical. c. Qualitative and quantitative. d. Critical and thematic.

What is the purpose of conducting a literature review in a research project?. a. To identify gaps and provide a justification for further study. b. To replace the need for data collection. c. To confirm there is no need for further research. d. To compile unrelated studies without analysi.