QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCESSES IN APPLIED LINGUISTICS

When conducting a literature review, what is essential to ensure relevance?. Avoid controversial topics. Rely only on local authors. Focus on outdated references. Define clear inclusion/exclusion criteria.

A team wants to understand a cultural learning habit of a minority group. What method should they choose?. Experiments. Statistical data. Ethnography. Surveys.

A team explores how pronunciation correction affects learners’ confidence. They collect repeated interviews over a semester. What makes this strategy effective?. Randomized classroom testing. Longitudinal statistical regression. Chronological data from participants’ own perspectives. Structured, closed questionnaires.

The process of dialectical critique in action research enables: Elimination of emotional responses. Reduction of stakeholder participation. Avoidance of conflicting perspectives. Exploration of contradictions within practices.

A researcher wants to explain how student anxiety evolves during oral exams. What qualitative design is most appropriate?. Documentary. Experimental. Bibliometric. Phenomenological.

A teacher wants to evaluate whether a student-centered method changes engagement levels. Which approach best suits this?. Policy document review. Action research with reflective cycles. Controlled experimental study. Ethnographic study of family roles.

In a multilingual classroom, a teacher notices students perform differently depending on the language used. To investigate this, which method ensures contextual understanding?. Online polls. Phenomenological interviews. Literature meta-analysis. Standardized testing.

An EFL teacher wants to explore why students don't speak during group discussions despite knowing the answers. She begins to observe classroom dynamics, seating arrangements, and peer interactions. Which best describes her research motive?. To identify psychological disorders. To calculate average speaking turns. To prove that silence equals misunderstanding. To understand social behaviors influencing participation.

A team explores how pronunciation correction affects learners’ confidence. They collect repeated interviews over a semester. What makes this strategy effective?. Longitudinal statistical regression. Randomized classroom testing. Structured, closed questionnaires. Chronological data from participants’ own perspectives.

In planning a case study, what should a researcher do first to ensure clarity and direction?. Conduct statistical analysis. Choose a data visualization software. Draft final conclusions. Define the research paradigm and problem.

A teacher wants to understand why students are less engaged in virtual classes. She decides to interview a variety of students and observe their online behavior over a month. Which qualitative strategy is best suited?. . Ethnographic. Quantitative. Historical. Experimental.

An NGO evaluates teacher perspectives on trauma-informed teaching by documenting personal reflections over a semester. What dimension of narrative inquiry is evident?. Mapping of policy adherence rates. Analysis of formal observations only. Controlled hypothesis testing. Recognition of evolving, time-based experiences.

A student chooses grounded theory to understand how learners develop autonomy. What must be done continuously?. Summative assessment. Group testing. Standardized tools. Data must be compared constantly for evolving concepts.

A teacher evaluating a new classroom technique through personal reflection and student feedback is likely engaging in: Critical ethnography. Action research. Narrative analysis. Survey validation.

In a university language program, the researcher conducts interviews with shy students and builds rapport by sharing parts of her own learning journey. What principle of narrative research does this support?. Observational detachment. Randomized participant selection. Controlled environment. Collaborative meaning-making.

What key advantage does qualitative research offer for marginalized voices?. Brings forward context-specific experiences. Allows generalization to national policies. Avoids lengthy interviews. Provides space for statistical normality.

A research team observes that students respond better to instruction when teachers adjust their tone and gestures. They integrate this observation with student interview data. What methodological concept is reflected here?. Convergent validity in testing. Statistical control. Elimination of outliers. Triangulation of evidence.

When analyzing classroom discourse, which tool supports the development of grounded theory?. Constant comparison of observational notes. . Laboratory experiment logs. Closed multiple-choice questions. Prewritten answer templates.

Why is selecting a theoretical lens early in a study beneficial?. To focus classroom discussions. To guide interpretation of complex data. To predict student answers. To reduce the number of participants.

A master's student embeds herself in a school community for three months to study peer influence on learning. What kind of research outcome is she aiming for?. . A generalized nationwide policy. A teacher ranking scale. A contextualized understanding of group behavior. An averaged numerical model.