QUANTITATIVE

Why is it necessary to define population and sample in survey research?. To determine whom the data will be collected from. To decide how to present the findings. To randomize the question order. To increase the number of questions.

- A researcher wants to know whether the number of female university students is increasing or decreasing. Which type of research should be used?. Quantitative. Qualitative. Historical. Ethnographic.

- In experimental research, what is the purpose of hypotheses?. To increase the sample size. To establish a testable explanation of a phenomenon. To measure the reliability of the data. To collect observational data.

- What kind of research question would not be suitable for a quantitative study?. What factors predict teacher turnover?. How many students passed the final exam?. How do students feel about the new math curriculum?. Is the graduation rate improving over the years?.

Which of the following best describes a retrospective longitudinal survey?. It repeats the survey on different groups. It analyzes existing data from past events. It studies only future projections. It gathers real-time data moving forward.

Which of the following is an example of secondary data?. A researcher conducting face-to-face interviews. A scientist recording temperatures in the field. Data obtained from a published government census. A company running a customer satisfaction survey.

- A study finds that students who take a new learning method perform better than those who don’t, and this outcome is not explained by other variables. What type of validity is demonstrated?. External validity. Internal validity. Constructive validity s. Statistical validity.

- Which two components make up a PLS-SEM model?. Hypotheses and surveys. Structural model and measurement model. Variables and tests. Regression and t-test.

Quantitative research attempts to: Understand emotional responses. Test hypotheses using numerical data. Explore the meaning of lived experiences. Analyze cultural opinions.

- What does Calero (2000) identify as a strength of quantitative research?. Focus on emotional responses. Use of qualitative interviews. High internal validity. Strong external validity through representative samples.

- One key advantage of using questionnaires in quantitative research is: Rich narrative data. Ability to reach large sample sizes quickly. Flexibility during interviews. In-depth insight.

- Why is constructive validity essential in social science research?. It evaluates survey design format. It determines if results apply to the general population. It ensures the variables accurately reflect the theoretical constructs. It confirms accurate statistical conclusions.

- A researcher ensures that their survey items clearly represent the theoretical concepts they intend to measure. What type of validity is being emphasized?. Constructive validity. Internal validity. External validity. Statistical validity.

- Which of the following file types can SPSS import data from?. Spreadsheet, text files, and other formats. Only .sav files. Only .csv files. Only database files.

- Which of the following features is common to all three bibliographic managers (Mendeley, RefWorks, Zotero)?. Ability to generate citations in multiple styles. Requires desktop installation. . Only works with Google Docs. Completely free and open-source.

- What is the main goal of including citations and references?. To only use direct quotes. To avoid paying for sources. To acknowledge authors and allow verification. To make the paper longer.

- You include a 30-word quotation from a published study in your paper. According to the guidelines, how should you format this quote?. Omit it and just cite the author. Indent it as a block without quotation marks. Summarize it in your own words. Use quotation marks around it within the paragraph.

MLA style is typically used in: Business. Biomedical sciences. Engineering. Humanities, language, and literature.

- When performing a search in Google Scholar, what kind of information might appear in the results?. Only books and websites. Citations, versions, and related articles. Social media posts. Advertisements.

Why is the principle of respect for people important in quantitative research?. It guarantees that the research will yield positive results. It ensures that participants will not suffer any harm. It ensures that participants are treated with dignity and given the autonomy to make informed decisions about participation. It ensures that participants are compensated equally for their time.

Which step involves defining the central issue that the research aims to address?. Choose the theoretical approach. Select the topic. Establish the investigation problem. Schedule the investigation process.

Which of the following best defines experimental research?. Research focused on interviews and open-ended responses. Research that explores historical documents. Research involving manipulation of variables and controlled conditions. Research based on natural observation without manipulation.

In educational research, what is a practical reason to use quantitative methods?. To explore the role of myths in education. To write biographies of educators. To describe student feelings in essays. To evaluate theories through measurable data.

According to Muijs (2010), what is the primary feature of experimental designs in quantitative research?. Researchers manipulate variables to observe their effect. Data is collected through interviews and personal experiences. The researcher has no influence over the variables. The research occurs without any control over the environment.

What is one of the challenges when conducting a longitudinal survey?. It cannot be used for large populations. Data collection occurs too rapidly. It often faces sample mortality over time. It is impossible to track causal relationships.

- Which of the following is a primary function of pop-ups in online data collection?. To provide advertising for third-party websites. To reduce bounce rates by preventing users from leaving the site. To collect user data such as surveys or sign-ups. To improve website aesthetics.

-A literature review in a research study mostly relies on: Observational notes. Secondary data. Survey responses. Interviews.

- What is a key feature of email surveys as a tool for data collection?. They are self-administered by the respondent. They require users to fill out the survey in real-time. They rely on video and audio responses. They allow immediate feedback from an interviewer.

- What is a key characteristic of landing pages for data collection?. They focus on a single goal with minimal distractions. . They include external links to increase traffic. They automatically redirect users to another website. They are designed with many distracting elements to grab attention.

"A new teaching strategy does not result in any improvement in student reading comprehension compared to the traditional method." What type of hypothesis is this?. Null Hypothesis. Alternative Hypothesis.

- A researcher is studying how emotional intelligence affects academic performance, using several latent constructs measured by surveys. Which analysis method would be most appropriate?. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). T-test. Descriptive statistics. Linear regression.

- Why is SEM considered a multi-equation model?. Because it includes equations for descriptive statistics. . Because it is only used for survey data. Because dependent variables can also be predictors. Because it combines qualitative and quantitative data.

- What is the primary purpose of using the bootstrapping technique in PLS-SEM?. To reduce the number of observations. To test for normal distribution. To improve the design of latent variables. To estimate standard errors and test significance.

- A survey includes open-ended questions with textual ANSWERs. Which SPSS feature helps analyze these text responses?. Graph Builder. ANOVA. Descriptive Statistics. Text Analysis.

A reviewer uncovers major plagiarism in a manuscript. What role are they fulfilling in this scenario?. Promoting the journal. Editing the article for grammar. Managing author profiles. . Preventing ethical violations.

Why are quartiles a useful tool when selecting a journal for publication?. They describe the author’s writing style. They rank journals by their grammatical accuracy. They measure the article's length. They show the journal’s position in its field based on impact.

Which style uses an author and year citation format similar to APA but originated in the UK?. IEEE. Harvard. Chicago. Vancouver.

Professor Lin wants to know how her articles are being shared and discussed on Twitter and Facebook. Which tool can help her track this?. Altmetric. . Academia. . ORCID. Google Scholar.

- If a publisher requires ISO style, which detail is essential for electronic sources?. Only author and title. Footnoted formats. DOI or URL and access date. Summary of findings.