quantitative methods

A hospital tests two different physical therapy interventions (Intervention A and Intervention B) for knee recovery. They measure recovery time and mobility improvement in two patient groups. The primary goal of measuring the effect of each treatment in this context is to: Prove that one intervention is scientifically superior under all conditions. Provide data to help medical professionals choose the most efficient intervention for future patients. Publish the results in a medical journal as quickly as possible. Ensure that both groups of patients receive an equal level of care.

A company uses a survey with closed-ended questions (e.g., ratings from 1-5) to measure customer satisfaction with a new product from a sample of 5,000 customers. What is a clear advantage of this quantitative approach?. It is the best method for understanding the complex emotions of every single customer. It ensures that all context for each rating is fully understood. It provides deep, narrative stories from each customer. It allows the company to quickly identify broad trends and patterns across a huge group.

In quantitative research, what is the best definition of a "variable"?. A characteristic or property that can vary or take on different values. The unexplained error that occurs during an experiment. A fixed and constant value that is the same for all participants in a study. The section in a research paper where definitions are listed.

Which of the following is the defining characteristic of the nominal level of measurement?. The scale has a true, absolute zero point, meaning "none" of the quantity. Data can be ordered or ranked in a meaningful sequence. Data is categorized based on labels or names with no quantitative value. The differences between values are equal and meaningful, but there is no true zero.

In observational research, what is the key defining characteristic of a "structured observation"?. The researcher becomes a fully active member in the group being studied. The researcher conceals their identity and purpose from the subjects. The researcher records only the frequency of specific, pre-defined behaviors. The observation takes place in a laboratory setting.

A survey question reads: "Most doctors agree that smoking is harmful. Do you agree that smoking is dangerous?" What is the main problem with this phrasing?. It uses jargon that is difficult to understand. The response options are not mutually exclusive. It is a leading question, suggesting a "correct" answer. It is a double-barreled question.

A key assumption that must be met to use a parametric test (like a t-test or ANOVA) is that the data should be: Summarized in a bar chart. Collected from a large, diverse population. Approximately normally distributed. Composed of whole numbers (integers).

What is the main difference between an experimental and a non-experimental quantitative study?. Non-experimental studies are always done in a lab; experimental studies are done in the real world. b. Experimental studies actively change a variable; non-experimental studies observe variables without changing them. Experimental studies are always better than non-experimental studies. Experimental studies use numbers; non-experimental studies use words.

In quantitative research, which of the following best defines a "variable"?. The final conclusion drawn from the data analysis. A characteristic or attribute that can differ across people, places, or things. The specific tool, like a ruler or survey, used to collect data. A question on the survey that all participants answer the same way.

When a questionnaire asks the question, "On a scale of 1 to 5, how satisfied are you with our service?" what type of data is being collected?. Interval Data. Ratio Data. Ordinal Data. Nominal Data.

Why do researchers typically use multiple questions (a scale) to measure a single abstract concept like "social anxiety," instead of just one question?. To make the data analysis simpler and faster. To make the questionnaire longer and seem more important. To capture the different dimensions of the concept and improve reliability. To ensure that every respondent answers in the same way.

In a study testing a new energy drink, one group receives the new drink (Group A), and another group receives a similar-looking drink with no active ingredients (Group B). What is the group that receives the drink with no active ingredients called?. The Dependent Group. The Experimental Group. The Control Group. The Treatment Group.

What is the primary goal of conducting a pilot test (or pilot study) for a questionnaire before the main data collection?. To achieve a large and statistically significant sample size. To identify and fix problems with the questions, layout, and instructions. To finalize the research hypothesis based on initial results. To write the final research report and conclusions.

A questionnaire includes the following question: "How often do you use our mobile app?". The response options are arranged in this order: -Several times a day -Once a month -Once a week -Never -Rarely What is the primary problem with this arrangement? The options are not mutually exclusive. D The options are not exhaustive enough. The options are not mutually exclusive. The options are not exhaustive enough. The question should be c. open-ended instead of multiple choice. The options are not logically ordered, which can confuse respondents and slow them down.

Why should you generally avoid using "double-barreled questions" when measuring attitudes?. They force the respondent to answer two separate issues with one response, which can be confusing. They use complicated statistical terms that respondents won't understand. They are the most reliable way to measure complex concepts. They are always too short and simple.