Second language

Which of the following is a description of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) for language learning?. A metaphorical location on which learners co-construct knowledge in collaboration with an interlocutor (speaker). An environment which provides understandable language that is slightly beyond the learner ´s current level. A situation in which a learner is able to move to a higher level because of support from an interlocutor (speaker).

Which of the following is the term used to describe when some features of learner language stop changing over time?. Fozzilization. Linguistic freezing. Truncation.

n addition to interpersonal interaction, Sociocultural theory requires consideration of ......................................., that means, communication that occurs within and individual´s own mind. intrapersonal interaction. indirect correction. inductive processing.

According to ..........................theory, interaction is necessary for (and a cause of ) language acquisition, and all of learning is a social process. Sociocultural. Interlanguage. Complexity.

Communicative Competence refers the following. Vocabulary, Pragmatic and pronunciation. Pragmatics and Pronunciation. Vocabulary.

What is scaffolding?. It is a verbal guidance which an expert provides to help a learner perform any specific task. It is a characterization of language use form the perpective of mentalism. It is a process of acquiring an additional language within the context of a language community.

Which of the following is the best definition for integrative motivation?. Language learning for personal growth and cultural enrichment. Language learning for immediate or practical goals. Language learning for communicative needs.

Which of the following relates to the concept of aptitude?. How quickly and easily a person can learn a second or foreign language. How well a person learns languages when placed in a grammar classroom situation?. How well a person learns languages when placed in a communicative classroom situation?.

Motivation has been defined in terms of …. Learner´s communicative needs and their attitudes towards the second language community. Learner´s beliefs and their instructional preferences. Learner´s personality characteristics and their willingness to communicate.

Anxiety is related to learner´s ...................... Willingness. Learning styles. Motivation.

Garner and Lambert describe two types of motivation, which are ..................... and ........................ motivation. integrative and instrumental. instrisic and extrinsic.

In ....................... learning style, people tend to see things holistically. field dependent. field independent.

Visual, aural and kinesthetic are examples of ................ learning styles. personality type. motivation type.

Identity and ............................. affiliation can affect language learning success. Ethnic group. Political. Willingness.

Which of the following describes what we mean by “learning styles”?. The way a person prefers to learn new information and skills. The way a person dresses when coming to language class. The way a person relates interpersonally with others.

According to experts age of acquisition of a second language is a very important factor in limiting the development of.. The native-like mastery of a second language. The grammatical skills of a second language. The second language morphology and syntax.

The macrosocial factors in the ecological contexts of SLA are: global and national status of L1 and L2. Social categories. Boundaires and identities. computer interaction.

The microsocial factors that affect language learning deals with the potential effects of different immediately surrounding circunstance. Verdadero. Falso.

The microsocial factor, variation in learner language consider the changes that occur in what learners know and can produce as they progressively achieve higher levels of L2 proficiency. Verdadero. Falso.

What is acculturation?. It is learning the culture of the L2 community and adapting to those values and behavior patterns. It is the activation and retrieval of certain elements in memory whenever appropriate input is perceived. It is an initial stage of teh learning process that demands learner´s attention.

he L2 system is never exactly like the learner´s L1, hoewever, nor is it ever exactly the same as that of its native speaker. Verdadero. Falso.

The amount of overlap with L1 knwoledge depends on the generic or typological relationship of the two languages and on whether there has been borrowing or other influence between them. Verdadero. Falso.

Communicative competence is not required for appropriate use and interpretation of L2 forms. Verdadero. Falso.

Application of prior knowledge means that the initial state of L2 includes knowledge of L1, and the process of SLA inlcude interpretation of the new language in terms of that knwledge. Verdadero. Falso.

Language learners are not merely passive recipients of stimuli. There is a creative force involved in language development wich must be an innate capacity. Verdadero. Falso.

Social perspective generally hold that SLA benefits from the active engagement of learners in interaction, or participation in communicative events. Verdadero. Falso.

Frequency of input as well as practice in processing input and output are widely recognized in L2. Verdadero. Falso.

Quality and quantity of L2 input and interaction do not have significante influence in L2 learning. Verdadero. Falso.

It is proved that children are more successful L2 learners than adults. Verdadero. Falso.

Quality of instruction clearly makes a difference in formal contexts of L2 learning. Verdadero. Falso.

The first step in preparing questionnaire items is to ...................... specify their content in explicit terms. obtain large amount of data. construct instruments of good quality.

The most famous type of closed-ended item is undoubtedly the ......................... , which consits of characteristic statement accompanied by five or six response options for repondents to indicate the extent to which they "agree" or "disagree". likert scale. opened questions. closed quetions.

The first stage of piloting involves assessing the item pool by carring out a thinkaloud protocol with three or four people who answer the items and provide .................................. detailed feedback. effective way of achieve. an attractive design.

The format and layout of the questionnaire is important to motivate respondents. One of the point to consider is length. The optimal length of a questionnaire depends on......... .................................. how important the topic is for respondent. how people used to think and how they think today. how quickly and easily a person can read.

What is random sampling?. It involves the selection of members of the population to be included in the sample on a completely random basis. It refers to individuals´preferred way of processing. It is a broad category that involves the researcher examining some type of tex.

From the perspective of statistical significance, the principal concern is to sample enough learners for the expected results to be able to reach significance. Verdadero. Falso.

The questionnaire administration procedures plays a significant role in affecting the ................................... . quality of the elicited responses. quantity of responses. questionnaire data.

Descriptive statistics is ............. It is used to summarize sets of a numerical data in order to conseve time and space. It refers both to the study of individuáis and groups who are learning a language subsequent to learning their first one as young children, and to the process of learning that language. It involves the selection of members of the population to be included in the sample on a completely random basis.

In processing questionnaire data is necessary to transform the repondents´ markings into a neat data file for the statistical analyisis. The first step is. coding questionnaire data. inputting the data. data cleaning.