sociolinguistic

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION-5. Scenario: Two doctors are discussing a patient's condition. They use terms like "myocardial infarction" and "pulmonary edema." If they used these same terms with the patient, the patient might not understand. This specialized occupational vocabulary is called:?. a. Diglossia. b. Slang. c. Jargon. d. Convergence.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 10-When minority languages are excluded from media and education, the result is often:?. a. Language marginalization. b. Language codification. c. Increased bilingualism. d. Language prestige.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION -7 A minority language is taught only in informal family settings. What risk does this pose?. a. Language expansion. b. Language revitalization. c. Language endangerment. d. Language dominance.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION-13. Scenario: Why would a bilingual speaker switch from English to their native language to say "I love you" to a family member?. a. Because they forgot the English words. b. To practice their grammar. c. To use the "affective function" of the language. d. To show high status.

¿UNIT 2 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION -5 An indigenous student avoids speaking Spanish at home but uses it at school. This illustrates:?. a. Language fossilization. b. Language attrition. c. Domain-specific language use. d. Language simplification.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 8. Scenario: A researcher notices that in a specific community, women tend to use more "standard" grammar than men in public speeches. The researcher is exploring which subtopic of sociolinguistics?. a. Only the physical setting of the speech. b. The field of study regarding social factors like gender. c. The evolution of ancient scripts. d. The psychological process of memory.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 15. Scenario: In sociolinguistics, the term "code" can refer to:?. a. A computer programming language. b. Only the rules of grammar. c. Any variety of a language, a dialect, or even a completely different language. d. Only secret encrypted messages.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 14. Scenario: A mother says to her child, "I am very disappointed in your behavior today." While the words are informative, her tone conveys a high level of anger. This utterance has:?. a. Only a status dimension. b. No social dimension. c. High Affective / High Referential. d. Low Affective / High Referential.

¿UNIT 1 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3 QUESTION 12. Scenario: An intern is speaking to the company President. The intern uses "Sir," "Please," and "Thank you" constantly. This interaction is best analyzed using which scale?. a. The Topic Scale (Referential). b. The Affective Scale (Emotional). c. The Social Distance Scale (Intimate). d. The Status Scale (Superior-Subordinate).

¿UNIT 1-TOPIC 2–SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 6.A researcher notices that speakers living in high-altitude Andean regions use more "ejective" sounds (intense bursts of air) in their local languages compared to speakers in lowland jungles. This study explores the relationship between:?. a. Age and vocabulary. b. Gender and social class. c. Geography and phonetics. d. Ethnicity and syntax.

¿UNIT 1 -TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 11. A government decides to choose one specific regional dialect as the "official" language for schools and law, while discouraging the use of other regional dialects. This process is known as:?. a. Language standardization. b. Pidginization. c. Age-grading. d. Language shift.

¿UNIT 1 -TOPIC 2 –SUBTOPICS 2 QUESTION 13. In New Zealand, many English speakers use Māori loanwords like "Haka" or "Pakeha." This is a result of:?. a. Geographical isolation. b. Socioeconomic status. c. Gender-preferential speech. d. Languages in contact and ethnic influence.

¿UNIT 1-TOPIC 2 –SUBTOPICS 1 QUESTION 3-In many societies, women are found to use more "prestige" or standard language forms than men of the same social class, According to Holmes (2013) one explanation is that:?. a. Standard forms are easier to pronounce for female speakers. b. Men are generally less educated than women in most cultures. c. Women are more status, conscious and use language to claim a higher social position. d. Women have a natural biological aptitude for grammar.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question 7. A student learns language naturally at home without formal instruction. Which concept explains this?. a. Innate biological capacity for language. b. Artificial acquisition. c. Mechanical learning. d. Cultural imitation only.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1-Q3 Subtopic 1: A researcher studying L2 motivation finds that 7-year-old children are eager to participate in English class because they enjoy playing with classmates in English, while 35-year-old adults enrolled in the same program report they joined to increase their chances of promotion. According to the compendium, which motivational distinction does this illustrate?. a. Adult motivation is always stronger because professional goals provide clearer direction than play. b. Both groups share the same motivational profile — social belonging drives all language learners. c. Children are motivated by intrinsic curiosity and social interaction; adults are motivated by extrinsic factors like job opportunities. d. Children are motivated by extrinsic factors (social interaction); adults are motivated by intrinsic interest.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2-Q12 Subtopic 2: A researcher compares Victor of Aveyron (discovered 1800) and Genie (discovered 1970). She concludes both cases together provide a nuanced picture of the critical period. Which conclusion is MOST consistent with the compendium?. a. Both cases confirm the critical period hypothesis equally — neither child learned any language after discovery. b. Victor's case supports the hypothesis (no fluent acquisition); Genie's case partially challenges it (limited acquisition was possible), together suggesting the critical period is real but not absolute. c. Both cases reject the critical period hypothesis, as both children eventually acquired full language competence. d. Genie's case supports the hypothesis (no acquisition); Victor's case challenges it (full acquisition achieved).

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2-Q9 Subtopic 2: In a psycholinguistics seminar, a professor asks students to identify a real case that supports Lenneberg's critical period hypothesis. Which response BEST applies the content from the compendium?. a. Genie — she fully acquired language after being rescued at age 13, proving the critical period can be overcome. b. Genie — she was never exposed to language input, so her case is irrelevant to the critical period hypothesis. c. Victor of Aveyron — discovered in France in 1800, he was unable to learn language fluently despite years of instruction, suggesting he had missed the critical window. d. Victor of Aveyron — he learned language quickly once exposed to a structured learning environment.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3-Question 14. According to key findings discussed in the compendium, a reader who has extensive knowledge about marine biology will likely process a sentence about ocean ecosystems more quickly and accurately than a reader without that knowledge. Which research finding BEST supports this?. a. Individual differences in working memory capacity affect sentence interpretation (Just & Carpenter, 1992). b. The modular approach proposes that syntax operates independently of world knowledge (Fodor, 1983). c. Readers use their prior knowledge to facilitate sentence comprehension (McKoon & Ratcliff, 1992). d. Readers integrate local and global coherence to build mental text representations (Kintsch, 1988).

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2-Q15 Subtopic 2: A professor of applied linguistics is designing a professional development workshop for EFL teachers. She wants them to understand how research on wild children and the critical period hypothesis should inform classroom practice. Which pedagogical conclusion from the compendium is MOST appropriate to highlight?. a. Effective language learning programs must consider the needs and motivations of both children and adults, since language learning may be possible at any age, though with different challenges. b. The strict critical period hypothesis proves all adult learners will fail without early childhood exposure. c. Teachers should focus exclusively on child learners, as adults cannot benefit from language instruction. Wild child cases prove that immersion is the only valid method for teaching language at any age.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2-Q10 Subtopic 2: A linguistics student presents Genie's case to argue that the critical period hypothesis is completely wrong because Genie learned some vocabulary and grammar after age 13. How should a well-informed professor respond, based on the compendium?. Fully disagree — Genie's case actually confirms the critical period hypothesis because she achieved native-like fluency. Agree — Genie's case proves that the critical period hypothesis has no scientific basis. Partially disagree — while Genie's case challenges a strict interpretation of the critical period hypothesis, her language acquisition was limited, and her case is considered unique. Agree — Genie fully acquired language, showing that neural flexibility persists indefinitely.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2-Question 8 The compendium notes that 'the human body is physically equipped to produce a wide range of speech sounds.' Which combination of physical features is cited as contributing to this capacity?. The length of the tongue, the shape of the ear canal, and the Wernicke area. The right ear advantage, bilateral symmetry, and the structure of the inner ear. The structure of the vocal tract, upright posture, and the position of the larynx in the throat. The size of the cerebral cortex, binocular vision, and hand dexterity.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2-Question 10 The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with specific cognitive functions. Based on the slide content from the course, which set of functions is CORRECTLY attributed to the LEFT hemisphere?. Impulse control, holistic processing, and artistic thinking. Intuitive thought, creativity, and emotional processing. Analytical thought, verbal processing, math, and logic. Left-side motor skills and left visual field.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1-Question 5 A teacher wants to assess whether her 8th-grade EFL students have strong long-term potential for reading and spelling. Based on the compendium, which phonological awareness skill is identified as the STRONGEST predictor of those outcomes?. Phonemic awareness. Onset-rime awareness. Word awareness. Syllable awareness.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2-Question 6 A researcher conducts a dichotic listening experiment and finds that participants recognize speech stimuli faster when presented to the right ear than the left. Which neurological principle from the compendium BEST explains this finding?. The Wernicke area in the right hemisphere processes incoming speech sounds faster. The right hemisphere specializes in language processing, giving the left ear an advantage. Both hemispheres process language equally, so ear advantage is random. The left hemisphere concentrates language abilities, and the right ear connects directly to the left hemisphere.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1-Q4 Subtopic 1: An adult learner who has been studying French independently for two years tells his teacher: 'I decide when I study, what materials I use, and I only focus on what I need for my business trips.' Based on the compendium, which characteristic of adult language learning does this BEST reflect?. Adults rely on social interaction with peers to acquire language, just as children do. Adults are more receptive to language input because they have greater cognitive maturity. Adults have more control over their learning environment and are motivated by specific purposes. Adults rely on implicit strategies and are immersed in the language environment naturally.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2-Question 9 According to the compendium, for language comprehension to occur, a language user must accomplish several tasks when a signal reaches the brain. Which sequence CORRECTLY describes these tasks?. Interpret as meaningful → recognize the language → perceive as language. Perceive signals as language → recognize the language → interpret as meaningful. Perceive signals as language → interpret as meaningful → recognize the language. Recognize the language → produce a response → interpret as meaningful.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1-Question 3 According to Garrett's (1980a) model of language production described in the compendium, a bilingual teacher is about to explain a grammar rule. She has a clear idea of what she wants to say but has not yet chosen specific words or grammatical structures. Which stage of language production is she in?. Articulation. Formulation. Conceptualization. Phonological encoding.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1-Question 2 During a reading lesson, a teacher asks learners to separate the word 'string' into its onset (/str/) and rime (/iŋ/). According to the course content, which statement BEST describes what this activity targets and its position in the phonological awareness hierarchy?. It targets word awareness, a precursor to syllable segmentation. It targets onset-rime awareness, a skill that develops after syllable awareness. It targets phonemic awareness, the most basic level of phonological awareness. It targets syllable awareness, which is a precursor to onset-rime segmentation.

¿UNIT 4 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1-Q5 Subtopic 1: A student teacher argues: 'Since children are better language learners, there's no point in teaching adults a second language — they simply can't succeed.' Based on Birdsong (2018) as referenced in the compendium, how should the professor BEST respond?. Disagree — Birdsong argues that language learning is a lifelong process and adults can continue to acquire and improve language skills throughout their lives. Disagree — adults are actually faster language learners than children because of their metalinguistic awareness. Partially agree — adults can learn vocabulary but cannot acquire grammar after puberty. Agree — the critical period hypothesis proves that adult language learning is biologically impossible.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 3- Question -13. A student understands word meanings but struggles to form correct sentence structures. Which type of knowledge is weak?. Phonological. Pragmatic. Semantic. Syntactic.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question 9. A student sends an email explaining a project. What type of communication is this?. Visual communication only. Non-verbal communication. Verbal communication. Biological signaling.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 3- Question -14. A teacher explains that language involves both neural activity and mental concepts. What does this relationship represent?. Pure cognition. Pure biology. Language independence. Interaction between mental and physical systems.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question -9. A researcher studies how ideas are transformed into spoken words. Which brain process is involved?. Visual perception. Broca’s area activation. Memory storage only. Emotional regulation.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question -8. A patient can still judge grammar correctly despite having speech production problems. What does this indicate?. Loss of linguistic knowledge. Absence of brain function. Failure of comprehension. Separation between knowledge and use.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question -6. During a presentation, a student becomes anxious and starts making language errors. What factor is affecting performance?. Brain damage. Lack of vocabulary. Emotional state. Phonological deficit.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question 10. A person raises their hand to greet someone across the street. What type of communication is being used?. Written. Auditory. Non-verbal. Verbal.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 1- Question -1. After a minor stroke, a patient understands speech but produces slow, grammatically incorrect sentences. Which brain area is most likely affected?. Parietal lobe. Motor cortex only. Broca’s area. Wernicke’s area.

¿UNIT 3 TOPIC 1 SUPTOPIC 2 QUESTION 11.A linguist explains that language depends on brain activity before speech production. What does this highlight?. Cultural dominance. Non-verbal priority. Biological basis of language. Social influence only.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question 6. A teacher uses gestures, tone, and facial expressions while explaining a lesson. What percentage of communication is likely non-verbal?. 30–40%. 10–20%. 65–80%. 90–100%.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 3- Question -11. A linguist argues that language knowledge cannot be fully located in a single brain area. What does this suggest?. Language involves both mind and brain. Language is only social. Language is only physical. Language is irrelevant.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 1- Question 2. A researcher compares bird songs with human speech and concludes that human language allows infinite expression of ideas. What key feature is being highlighted?. Productivity of language. Visual communication. Non-verbal communication. Biological limitation.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 1 – SUBTOPICS 3- Question 15. A student points in a direction to guide someone who does not share their language. What does this demonstrate?. Dependence on verbal language. Failure of communication. Lack of linguistic ability. Use of universal non-verbal strategies.

¿UNIT 3 - TOPIC 2 – SUBTOPICS 2- Question -7. A teacher gives complex instructions while students are multitasking. What is the most likely outcome?. Reduced cognitive load. Perfect language processing. Decreased performance. Improved comprehension.