The most complete definition of LANGUAGE is: it is a system of vocal signs, by means of which humans communicate and transmit
information
It is something all people use every day for communication it is an instrument for human communication and transmission of information. Human language is defined as a SYSTEM. It is due to the fact that it:
contains rules and patterns that relate the words to one another
is organized and used according to its functions in different societies
is represented by different sound symbology. One of the language features expressed by human ability to speak about
facts, events, things that are not present at the moment of the utterance
production, is known as:
displacement
interchangeability
discreteness. Culture is the result of: human interaction
creativity of people
laws of nature
. Culture is a Learned Behavior. It means that: it is inborn human property of knowledge that people of the same society have it is integrated and shared by all members of the same cultural community it is acquired through the interaction with the members of our societ. Which of the following statements defines identity? It is the conception, qualities, beliefs and expressions that make a person or group be
or feel different from others. It is the capacity to understand or feel what another being is experiencing from with
the other being´s frame of reference. It is the capacity to recognize another´s perspective or mental state. Choose the most appropriate definition of culture the ideas, customs, skills, arts, that characterize a given group of people in a given
period of time. high educational level of members of society that is expressed in the shared
knowledge refined table manners, elaborated way of speaking, good taste for creation or
appreciation of objects of arts
. Choose the statement that does NOT correspond to this description:
Cultural manifestations of each society can be observed in: the role of governments in political and economic development of each country material objects, such as architecture, clothing, food, music, stories, rituals, material
symbols and way of life
attitudes, values, and knowledge that is transmitted from generation to generation.
. The notion of CULTURE refers to:
the structured manifestation of human behavior in social life within specific national
and local contexts
the established set of behavioral rules adopted by a society sociolinguistics approaches aimed at understanding the rules of behavior within a
society
. Cultural identity refers to: shared cultural heritage that creates a sense of belonging through community
acceptance
cognitive processes involved in shaping people´s opinion, judgements and attitudes
common vocabulary people of certain professional groups use for communication
. Choose the most reasonable explanation of the relationship between
language and culture:
Language is used to represent culture Language is used to maintain and convey culture and cultural relations.
Language is used to provide different communicative roles in different cultures. People speak differently because they think differently, and that they think
differently because their languages offer them different ways of expressing the
world around. The different ways of looking at culture and its relationship to
language and the view how it affects language users is known as:
Linguistic relativity Cultural identity Linguistic identity. Language and identity are linked because they:
result in culture shock
lead to forming negative cognitive biases involve a complex mix of individual, social and political factors which work to construct
people as belonging to a social group, or to exclude them from it. Person's identification as a speaker of one or more languages is known
as:
Linguistic Identity Cultural Identity
Linguistic relativism. A person´s sense of identity or belongingness to the same linguistic community
is based on their: cultural identity
social identity social status hierarchy
. Choose FALSE statement about culture (what culture is NOT). Culture is:
element in human existence and set of behavioral patterns that influence the choice of
native language for people´s communication
knowledge and schemes created by a set of people for perceiving, interpreting,
expressing, and responding to the social realities around them a concept that has been used in several social science disciplines to explain variations
in human thought processes in different parts of the world
. Chose the false description of culture (What is NOT true about culture?) is transmissive
it is steady and static it is a way of life. The concept of Power Distance refers to the: degree to which members of a culture try to avoid uncertainty extent to which the less powerful members of society accept the power distribution
norms and rules to guide behavior of society members in practically all situations
. One of the cultural parameters, Individualism, refers to: the extent to which the culture fosters equality versus inequality in power among
members of the group the degree to which a culture values the needs of the self over the group the degree to which a culture is homogeneous. One of the cultural parameters, Uncertainty Avoidance, refers to: the extent to which people are uncomfortable in unstructured, unclear, or
unpredictable situation(s)
the situations when members of a group are expected to behave and act according to
their social status and established for that purpose interactional rules differences in standards for communication
. Intercultural competence refers to ability to:
interact effectively with people across cultures
use target language structures correctly use the four language skills efficiently
. Cross Cultural awareness implies:
appropriate interpretation of linguistics and paralinguistic elements Linguistics relativism oversimplified perception of alien culture. Cross-cultural communication studies center around:
level of language mastery and knowledge in the field of international relations elements of discourse, paralanguage, and pragmatics
governmental higher education policy. The purpose of NON VERBAL communication is to: reinforce or modify verbal message replace verbal communication
provide a sense of belongingness to the same cultural group. The similarities and differences among cultures can be explained as: norms of behaviour
dimensions of cultural variability
appropriate communication register. Choose the statement that does NOT refer to Cross Cultural awareness
implications
correct use of linguistic elements such as grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation appropriate interpretation of paralinguistic elements
correct use of topics of conversation including taboos. Cross Cultural awareness implies:
oversimplified perception of alien culture
necessary skills for meaning negotiation
attitudes toward another culture
. How does language manifest itself in a culture? Through….
governmental policy regarding the role of foreign language teaching for education
literature, music and behavioral acts
the acceptance by a society of people who belong to another cultural group
. The non- verbal communication elements are:
linguistics code
kinesthetic and proxemics
turn-taking and discourse
. In High- Context Cultures people:
prefer less sensory involvement.
stand closer, and touch more during conversation create immediacy by increasing sensory input
. Intercultural communication refers to:
linguistic differences effective transmission of messages and priorities from members of one culture to another the knowledge of communication rules and understanding of the wide range of
vocabulary. Be interculturally competent means:
be able to achieve successful and appropriate to the context intercultural interaction be aware of cultural differences proper for different societies, countries, and people be able to successfully understand the target language during the act of intercultural
interaction. Communication can be defined as:
linguistic means of expressions the act of conveying intended meaning from one entity or group to another through the
use of mutually understood signs cultural rules adopted by the members of a society. VERBAL communication includes: Kinship terms Body language
Facial expression
. NON VERBAL communication includes Kinesthetic Levels of politeness
Euphemisms. Such prosodic elements as voice quality, intonation, and body language, are
components of: paralanguage semantics linguistic competence
. Which of the following groups of characteristics describe lowcontext culture?
Low use nonverbal elements, verbal message is direct, context is less important than
words. Communication is seen as an art, verbal message is indirect, and high use of nonverbal elements
Everything has its own time, change is slow, and space is communal.
. Cross- cultural linguistics differences can be observed in:
greetings, farewells, topics of conversation traditions, attitudes, celebrations
pieces of art, literature, food and clothes
. When we paraphrase expressions in order not to harm feelings of other
speech community members (ex: person with special needs for handicapped or
invalid person), we use form of speaking known as:
linguistic taboo
euphemisms linguistic relativity
. Levels of politeness include: farewells, greeting, compliments
topics of conversations
topics that are considered taboo in a society
.
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