Testprep3

The rate and depth of breathing is primarily controlled by: the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. the amount of carbon monoxide in the blood. the amount of nitrogen in the blood. the total atmospheric pressure.

A good method to treat hyperventilation is to: talk oneself through the relevant procedure aloud to emotionally calm down and reduce the rate of breathing simultaneously. don an oxygen mask. excecute the valsalva manoeuvre. close the eyes and relax.

What could cause hyperventilation ?. Fear, anxiety and distress. Abuse of alcohol. Extreme low rate of breathing. Fatigue.

Symptoms of decompression sickness. are bends, chokes, skin manifestations, neurological symptoms and circulatory shock. are only relevant when diving. can only develop at altitudes of more than 40000 FT. are flatulence and pain in the middle ear.

Through which part of the ear does the equalization of pressure take place, when altitude is changed?. Eustachian tube. Cochlea. Tympanic membrane. External auditory canal.

Which of the following symptoms can mark a beginning hyperventilation?. Dizzy feeling. Slow heart beat. Slow rate of breathing. Cyanosis (blueing of lips and finger nails).

TUC (Time of Useful Consciousness) is: the length of time during which an individual can act with both mental and physical efficiency and alertness, measured from the moment at which he is exposed to hypoxia. the time before becoming unconscious at a sudden pressure loss. the time after pressure loss until decompression sickness sets in. the time between the start of hypoxia and death.

Flights immediately after SCUBA-diving (compressed gas mixtures, bottles) (>10 m depth). are forbidden. can be performed without any danger. are allowed, if 38000 FT are not exceeded. should be avoided because hypoxia may develop.

After a cabin pressure loss in approximately 35 000 FT the TUC (Time of Useful Consciousness) will be approximately: 30 -90 seconds. 10-15 seconds. 3-4 minutes. 5 minutes or more.

Flying immediately following a dive with SCUBA diving equipment (> 10 m depth). can cause decompression sicknesss even when flying at pressure altitudes below 18 000 FT. prevents any dangers caused by aeroembolism (decompression sickness) when climbing to altitudes not exceeding 30 000 FT. has no influence on altitude flights. is forbidden for the flight crew, because it leads to hypoxia.

Hypoxia effects visual performance.A pilot may: get blurred and/or tunnel vision. have a reduction of 25% in visual acuity at 8000 FT AGL. be unable to maintain piercing vision below 5000 FT AGL. get colour blindness accompanied by severe headache.

In relation to hypoxia, which of the following paraphrase(s) is (are) correct?. This is a physical condition caused by a lack of oxygen to meet the needs of the body tissues, leading to mental and muscular disturbances, causing impaired thinking, poor judgement and slow reactions. This is a condition of lacking oxygen in the brain causing the circulatory system to compensate by decreasing the heart rate. Hypoxia is often produced during steep turns when pilots turn their heads in a direction opposite to the direction in which the aircraft is turning. This is a physical condition caused by a lack of oxygen saturation in the blood while hyperventilating.

Hyperventilation is due to an excessive rate of breathing and can produce the following symptoms: dizziness, tingling sensation in the fingers and toes, nausea and blurred vision. reduced heart rate and increase in visual acuity. a state of overconfidence and reduced heart rate. blue finger-nails and lips.

The cabin pressure in airline operation is. normally not exceeding 6 000 to 8 000 feet. normally not exceeding 2 000 to 3 000 feet. normally not exceeding 4 000 to 5 000 feet. always equivalent to sea level.

What is hypoxia ?. Any condition where the oxygen concentration of the body is below normal limits or where the oxygen available to the body cannot be used due to some pathological condition. The total absence of oxygen in the air. The respiratory symptom associated with altitude decompression sickness. A state charcterised by an excessive supply of oxygen which may be due to maladjustment of the mask.

What could be symptoms of hypoxia (when flying without oxygen) above 12,000 ft?. Headache, fatigue, dizziness, lack of coordination. Headache, thirst, somnolence, collapse. Euphoria, headache, improvement in judgement, loss of consciousness. Trembling, increase in body temperature, convulsions,slowing of the rate of breathing.

What is decompression sickness ?. An sickness resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in bodily tissues and fluids after a cabin pressure loss at high altitude. A frequent disorder in commercial aviation due to the pressurisation curve of modern aircraft. A disorder which is solely encountered below 18,000 ft. The formation of air bubbles in bodily tissues, with no consequences for people's capabilities.

Hypoxia is a situation in which the cells. have a shortage of oxygen. are saturated with nitrogen. are saturated with oxygen. have a shortage of carbon dioxide.

One of the most dangerous symptoms of hypoxia concerning flight safety is: impaired judgement, disabling the pilot to recognize the symptoms. reduced coordination of limb movements, causing the pilot to spin. cyanosis, reducing then pilots ability to hear. hyperventilation, causing emotional stress.

What is the average Time of Useful Consciousness after a rapid decompression at 40,000 ft ?. About 12 seconds. Between 20 seconds and 1 minute. About 40 secods. More than 1 minute.

What is the Time of Useful Consciouness ?. The length of time during which an individualcan act with both mental and physical efficiency and alertness, measured from the moment at which he loses his available oxygen supply. The time taken to become aware of hypoxia due to gradual decompression. The pilot's reaction time when faced with hypoxia. The period of time between the start of hypoxia and the moment that the pilot becomes aware of it.

Haemoglobin is: in the red blood cells. in the platelets. dissolved in the plasma. in the white blood cells.

The normal rate of breathing of an adult at rest is about: 16 cycles per minute. 4 cycles per minute. 32 cycles per minute. 72 cycles per minute.

After a rapid decompression at 35 000 feet, the time of useful consciousness is about: 30 to 60 seconds. 15 seconds or less. 5 minutes. 10 minutes.

After SCUBA diving (more than 30 feet of depth) you have to wait a period of time before flying again. This period is at least: 24 hours. 6 hours. 12 hours. 48 hours.

The semicircular canals form part of the. inner ear. middle ear. ear drum. external ear.

Having a serious cold, you are going to fly. What can you expect: pain in the sinuses. bends. chokes. hypoxia.

In order to overcome an overload of work during the flight, it is necessary to:-1 : know how to use one's own reserve of resources in order to ease the burden on the crew.-2 : divide up tasks among the crew.-3 : abandon automatic mode and instead process as much information as possible consciously.-4 : drop certain tasks and stick to high-level priorities.The correct statement(s) is (are): 1, 2 and 4 are correct. 1 and 3 are correct. 1, 2 and 3 are correct. 3 and 4 are correct.

Which of the following statements concerning check list is correct?. The most important items should be placed at the beginning of a check list since attention is usually focused here. The most important items must be placed at the end of check list, allowing them to be kept near at hand so that they are quickly available for any supplementary check. The most important items must be placed in the middle of check list so that they come to be examined once attention is focused but before concentration starts to wane. All the items of a check list are equally important, their sequence is of no importance.

What are the advantages of coordination?. Redundancy, synergy, clarification of responsibility. Cooperation, cognition, redundancy. Interaction, cognition, redundancy. Redundancy, exploration, risky shift.

Coaction is a mode of coordination which recommends: working parallel to achieve one common objective. working parallel to achieve individual objectives. sustained cooperation on actions and the formulation of commitments concerning flight situations. the application of procedural knowledge in the conduct of specific actions.

Action plans (SOP's) in a cockpit must : be shared by the members of the crew and updated at each modification in order to maintain maximum synergy. be tailored to the individual pilot's needs in order to facilitate the normal operation of the aircraft. only be tailored to the type of aircraft, regardless of current MCC procedures. only follow the manufacturers proposals and not reflect individual operators cockpit philosophies.

Mark the two most important attributes for a positive leadership style:(1) dominant behaviour(2) examplary role-behaviour(3) mastery of communication skills(4) ""Laissez-faire"" behaviour. 2 and 3. 1 and 4. 1 and 3. 2 and 4.

Which of the following sentences concerning crew-performance is correct?. The quality of crew-performance depends on the social-competence of individual team members. To be a member of a team can not increase one's own motivation to succeed in coping with task demands. Mistakes can always be detected and corrected faster by the individual. The quality of crew-performance is not dependent on social-competence of individual team members.

Which behaviour does most likely promote a constructive solution of interpersonal conflicts?. Active listening. Responding with counter-arguments. Staying to the own point of view. Giving up the own point of view.

The team spirit of a cockpit-crew most likely depends on. both pilots respecting each other and striving for the same goals. both pilots wearing the same uniform. both pilots flying together very often for a long period. both pilots having the same political and ideological attitude.

The ""ideal professional pilot"" is, in his behaviour,. ""person"" and ""goal"" oriented. rather ""person"" than ""goal"" oriented. neither ""person"" nor ""goal"" oriented. rather ""goal"" than ""person"" oriented.

What elements establish synergy within the crew ?. Synergy must be built up from the start of the mission (briefing) and be maintained until it comes to an end (debriefing). Synergy establishes itself automatically within the crew, right through from briefing to debriefing. Synergy is independent of the natural individual characteristics of the group members (communication, mutual confidence, sharing of tasks, etc.). It is only the captain's status which allows the establishment of synergy within the crew.

What is synergy in a crew ?. The coordinated action of all members towards a common objective, in which collective performance is proving to be more than the sum of the individual performances. A behavioural expedient associated with the desynchronisation of the coordinated actions. The coordinated action of unrelated individual performances in achieving a non-standard task. The uncoordinated action of the crewmembers towards a common objective.

An efficient flight deck (synergetic cockpit) will be observed when. decisions are taken by the Captain with the help and participation of the other crew members. the plan of action is defined by the Captain because of his experience level. the Captain delegates the decision making process to other crew members. decisions do not need to be discussed because of a common synergy between the crew members.

CRM (Crew Resource Management) training is: intended to develop effectiveness of crew performance by improving attitudes towards flight safety and human relationship management. not intended to change the individual's attitude at all. intended solely to alter an individual's personality,. is mainly of relevance to pilots with personality disorders or inappropriate attitudes.

Which statement is correct?. Problems in the personal relation between crew members very likely hamper their communication process. There is no relation between inadequate communication and incidents or accidents. Inconsistent communication behaviour improves flight safety. Problems in the personal relation between crew members hardly hamper their communication process.

What, approximately, is the average height of the tropopause over the equator ?. 16 km. 8 km. 11 km. 40 km.

In which layer is most of the atmospheric humidity concentrated ?. Troposphere. Tropopause. Stratosphere. Stratopause.

What is the boundary layer between troposphere and stratosphere called?. Tropopause. Ionosphere. Stratosphere. Atmosphere.

Which of the following cloud types can project up into the stratosphere?. Cumulonimbus. Cirrostratus. Altocumulus. Altostratus.

Which one of the following statements applies to the tropopause?. It separates the troposphere from the stratosphere. It is, by definition, an isothermal layer. It indicates a strong temperature lapse rate. It is, by definition, a temperature inversion.

Which layer of the atmosphere contains more than 90 per cent of all water vapour?. Troposphere. Lower stratosphere. Upper stratosphere. Ionosphere.

The temperature at FL 140 is -12°C. What will the temperature be at FL 110 if the ICAO standard lapse rate is applied ?. -6°C. -18°C. -9°C. -15°C.

An outside air temperature of -35°C is measured while cruising at FL 200. What is the temperature deviation from the ISA at this level?. 10°C colder than ISA. 10°C warmer than ISA. 5°C warmer than ISA. 5°C colder than ISA.

What is the most likely temperature at the tropical tropopause?. -75°C. -55°C. -35°C. -25°C.