thesis estudiar.c3

Why should future English teachers engage in action research during practicum?. a. To replicate teaching models without questioning them. b. To compare student grades across institutions. c. To prepare administrative reports for supervisors. d. To investigate their own practices and develop evidence-based strategies.

What is the most common unit of progression in language courses?. a. Vocabulary and grammar. b. Discourse. c. Pronunciation. d. Culture.

A group of learners participates enthusiastically in role plays and debates, but when they write essays, their texts are disorganized and lack clear structure. What should the teacher do?. a. Focus on grammar drills before writing. b. Stop assigning essays to avoid frustration. c. Integrate guided writing activities with models and clear steps. d. Mainly prepare oral activities, where students show motivation.

A future EFL teacher promotes diversity by designing tasks where students share linguistic and cultural experiences through English. What pedagogical approach does this reflect?. a. Structuralist approach emphasizing native norms. b. Traditional grammar-translation focused on accuracy. c. Inclusive pedagogy valuing linguistic diversity as a resource. d. Behaviorist conditioning of language forms.

Two teachers grade the same essay and give very different scores. a. Practicality. b. Validity. c. Reliability. d. Authenticity.

Which of the following is one of the five curricular threads in the Ecuadorian EFL curriculum?. a. Art Appreciation. b. Use of English. c. Participation. d. Oral Communication.

Which of the following represents authentic assessment?. a. Grammar worksheet. b. Writing and presenting a real-world task. c. Multiple-choice quizzes. d. Memorization.

Which strategy best promotes active learning in EFL critical thinking classes?. a. Encouraging students to ask “why” and “how” questions. b. Memorizing textbook definitions. c. Teacher lectures exclusively. d. Silent reading without interaction.

What is the purpose of the “Five-Minute Rule” in classroom atmosphere?. a. To create early connections and set a positive tone. b. To test students with quizzes. c. To correct errors immediately. d. To establish silence and control.

Some learners remember vocabulary easily with flashcards, while others need to hear and repeat it several times. What is the best teaching decision?. a. Focus on written exercises. b. Plan varied activities combining visual, auditory, and interactive strategies. Use more visual materials. d. Avoid oral repetition because it consumes time.

A teacher notices students demotivated with grammar drills, so she integrates a project where they design a cultural festival in English. Which approach is best reflected?. a. Project-Based Instruction. b. Direct Method. c. Grammar Translation Method. d. Audio-Lingual Method.

A school states that 8th graders must reach B1, while high-school graduates can finish at A1. According to Ecuador’s curriculum aligned with CEFR, what is correct?. a. B1 for 8th graders; A1 for graduates. b. A1 for 8th grade; B1 for graduates. c. B2 for 8th graders; A1 for graduates. d. A2 for 8th graders; C1 for graduates.

Which statement best describes a modular approach to curriculum sequencing?. a. It always follows grammar order. b. It eliminates the need for assessment. c. It requires cumulative prior lessons. d. Each unit is independent and complete in itself.

What is the most common unit of progression in language courses?. a. Culture. b. Discourse. c. Pronunciation. d. Vocabulary and grammar.

What role does oral language play in critical thinking development according to Vygotsky?. a. It organizes and develops mental processes. b. It distracts students from real thinking. c. It eliminates the need for writing. d. It only helps pronunciation.

The teacher introduces new vocabulary by asking students to repeat the words in chorus several times until their pronunciation improves. Which method is being applied?. a. Communicative Language Teaching. b. Task-Based Learning. c. Audio-lingual Method. d. Silent Way.

While practicing dialogues, a teacher allows students to speak without constant corrections, encouraging them to keep talking even with minor mistakes. Which principle is being emphasized?. a. Silent Way. b. Grammar-Translation. c. Fluency over accuracy. d. Accuracy over fluency.

Why is curiosity essential for developing critical thinking in EFL learners?. a. It leads to better memorization of grammar rules. b. It encourages learners to actively seek information beyond textbooks. c. It prevents mistakes. d. It makes learners dependent on teacher.

A teacher asks students to analyze a controversial news article, question sources, and propose interpretations. Which critical thinking skill is developed?. Focusing only on grammar. Memorizing details. Avoiding discussion. Maintaining an open mind.

A future English teacher creates a peer mentoring system where advanced learners support beginners. This reflects: Collaborative and inclusive classroom leadership. Teacher-centered management. Segregation by proficiency. Competitive individual learning.

Which of the following strategies most strongly develops learner autonomy in university students?. a. Students memorize vocabulary lists only. b. Teacher reduces feedback to promote independence. c. Students engage in self-assessment and goal setting. d. Teacher decides all topics and activities.

A teacher notices her students struggle to follow a recorded conversation. She decides to use pre-listening activities where students predict the topic and key vocabulary before listening. Which principle of teaching listening is being applied?. Intensive reading. Listening as comprehension. Listening as acquisition. Memorization drills.

Which of the following best defines needs analysis?. Grammar study only. Identifying learners’ necessities, lacks, and wants. Motivating teachers. Selecting coursebooks randomly.

What is the main distinction between an approach and a method in EFL?. Both terms mean exactly the same. A method is a philosophy, while an approach is a technique. An approach is temporary, while a method is permanent. An approach is broader, while a method specifies procedures.

In a school, one teacher designs a linear course (simple to complex), while another designs modules on “Shopping English”, “Emergency English”, etc., independent of each other. Which statement best explains the difference?. Modular sequencing is impossible in EFL. Linear depends on prior content; modular units are independent. Both depend on previous lessons. Linear sequencing only works in advanced levels.

During practicum, a student-teacher modifies listening activities to include transcripts, visuals, and gestures for learners with different comprehension levels. Which UDL principle guides this adaptation?. Multiple means of expression. Learner autonomy. Multiple means of representation. Multiple means of engagement.

Why should future English teachers engage in action research during practicum?. To compare student grades across institutions. To investigate their own practices and develop evidence-based strategies. To prepare administrative reports for supervisors. To replicate teaching models without questioning them.

During the first week of classes, Ms. Herrera decides to conduct short interviews with her students to learn more about their interests and motivations for learning English. As she talks with them, she discovers that many students already have clear personal goals. For example, some want to improve their English to understand their favorite songs and movies without subtitles; others mention they would like to travel or communicate with international friends on social media. A smaller group says they need English mainly for academic or professional purposes. After gathering this information, Ms. Herrera reflects on how different students’ reasons for learning may influence her lesson planning and the type of materials she should use in class. Necessities. Wants. Objective needs. Lacks.

A teacher asks students to submit reflective journals about their language learning. Alternative assessment. Norm-referenced test. Standardized exam. Summative testing.

What is triangulation in evaluation?. Using one exam repeatedly. Testing grammar. Ignoring feedback. Using multiple evidence sources for reliability.

What is the purpose of the “Five-Minute Rule” in classroom atmosphere?. To establish silence and contro. To test students with quizzes. To correct errors immediately. To create early connections and set a positive tone.

Which is a characteristic of achievement tests?. They are based on course content. They are applied before a course starts. They are always standardized. They do not align with curriculum goals.

In a speaking lesson, learners are given options to perform a role-play, record a podcast, or deliver a presentation. This activity illustrates: Assessment standardization. Behaviorist reinforcement. Multiple means of expression. Direct instruction.

What is the main role of feedback in evaluation?. Corrective learning guidance. Memorization tool. Punishment. Memorization tool.

A group of learners participates enthusiastically in role plays and debates, but when they write essays, their texts are disorganized and lack clear structure. What should the teacher do?. Stop assigning essays to avoid frustration. Focus on grammar drills before writing. Mainly prepare oral activities, where students show motivation. Integrate guided writing activities with models and clear steps.

What is the central idea of learner autonomy?. Autonomy means working alone without guidance. Students take responsibility for their own learning. Students wait passively for instructions. Teachers control all decisions.

A pre-service English teacher asks learners for feedback about class activities and uses their comments to redesign lessons. What professional principle does this reflect?. Learner-centered reflection and co-construction of learning. Reliance on pre-determined syllabi. Teacher authority and control. Compliance with institutional policy.

A teacher trainee insists on using one textbook without modification for every class. From an inclusive pedagogy perspective, what key principle is being overlooked?. Flexibility and adaptation to learners’ needs. Consistency. Teacher-centered management. Standardized planning.

A student named Daniel takes a standardized English proficiency test designed for an international audience. Although he has a solid command of grammar and vocabulary, he struggles to understand several reading passages that refer to unfamiliar holidays, idiomatic expressions, and culturally specific topics that do not exist in his local context. As a result, Daniel receives a much lower score than expected, not because of a lack of linguistic ability, but due to the cultural assumptions embedded in the test. His teacher realizes that the exam does not accurately reflect the student’s communicative competence or real-world language performance. Which type of assessment could reduce this kind of cultural bias and provide a more accurate representation of Daniel’s abilities?. Longer grammar exams. Online quizzes only. Alternative tasks with real-life focus. More multiple-choice tests.

What should be prioritized in oral tests to encourage communicative performance?. Pronunciation drills. Grammar accuracy. Fluency. Memorization of dialogues.

In class, the teacher gives commands such as: “Stand up, open your book, touch the desk.” Students respond with actions before producing words. This example corresponds to: Audiolingual method. Communicative approach. Grammar-translation. Total Physical Response (TPR).

A reflective EFL teacher notices that advanced students dominate discussions. Which inclusive strategy aligns with critical pedagogy?. Removing strong students from discussions. Ignoring participation differences. Assigning leadership roles to quieter students to balance power dynamics. Conducting grammar drills instead of discussions.

Some learners remember vocabulary easily with flashcards, while others need to hear and repeat it several times. What is the best teaching decision?. Use more visual materials. Focus on written exercises. Avoid oral repetition because it consumes time. Plan varied activities combining visual, auditory, and interactive strategies.

A teacher collects data through interviews and questionnaires. This refers to: Peer review. Observation. Needs analysis techniques. Standardized testing.

A 12-year-old enjoys drawing vocabulary instead of writing definitions. Which learning style is being shown?. Auditory preference. . Kinesthetic preference. Logical preference. Visual preference.

Which factor is an internal cause of motivational problems in teachers?. Students’ attendance. Government policies. Teachers’ self-perception of linguistic identity. Classroom technology.

In a multicultural EFL class, students argue due to cultural misunderstandings. The teacher organizes dialogue to resolve it. Which principle is applied?. Grammar correction. Silent observation. Strict discipline. Mediation and conflict resolution.

Which of the following is one of the five curricular threads in the Ecuadorian EFL curriculum?. Use of English. Art Appreciation. Participation. Oral Communication.

A student-teacher records classroom observations and uses them to adjust future lessons. Which concept does this reflect within professional EFL practice?. Prescriptive lesson planning. Isolated teacher supervision. Summative evaluation. Action research and reflective teaching.

An EFL teacher reflects: "My classroom management is effective, but weaker students remain silent during communicative tasks." Which professional skill should the teacher develop to address this issue?. Punitive discipline for inactive students. More grammar translation exercises. Critical reflection and differentiated instruction. Elimination of group work.

Some learners remember vocabulary easily with flashcards, while others need to hear and repeat it several times. What is the best teaching decision?. Plan varied activities combining visual, auditory, and interactive strategies. Focus on written exercises. Avoid oral repetition because it consumes time. Use more visual materials.

What is the central idea of learner autonomy?. Students take responsibility for their own learning. Teachers control all decisions. Autonomy means working alone without guidance. Students wait passively for instructions.

While practicing dialogues, a teacher allows students to speak without constant corrections, encouraging them to keep talking even with minor mistakes. Which principle is being emphasized?. Silent Way. Grammar-Translation. Accuracy over fluency. Fluency over accuracy.

What is the main distinction between an approach and a method in EFL?. Both terms mean exactly the same. An approach is temporary, while a method is permanent. A method is a philosophy, while an approach is a technique. An approach is broader, while a method specifies procedures.

Which is a characteristic of kinesthetic learners?. They learn best through physical activity. They focus on grammar charts. They prefer silent reading. They rely mainly on abstract theory.

A 12-year-old enjoys drawing vocabulary instead of writing definitions. Which learning style is being shown?. Visual preference. Kinesthetic preference. Auditory preference. Logical preference.

The teacher introduces new vocabulary by asking students to repeat the words in chorus several times until their pronunciation improves. Which method is being applied?. Task-Based Learning. Communicative Language Teaching. Silent Way. . Audio-lingual Method.

A group of teenagers has very little exposure to English outside the classroom. What is the most effective strategy for the teacher?. Create meaningful activities that simulate real-life communication in English. Focus only on written tests for evaluation. Explain first in Spanish to help them understand. Avoid pair or group work to maintain discipline.

In class, the teacher gives commands such as: “Stand up, open your book, touch the desk.” Students respond with actions before producing words. This example corresponds to: Audiolingual method. Total Physical Response (TPR). Communicative approach. Grammar-translation.

A group of learners participates enthusiastically in role plays and debates, but when they write essays, their texts are disorganized and lack clear structure. What should the teacher do?. Stop assigning essays to avoid frustration. Focus on grammar drills before writing. Integrate guided writing activities with models and clear steps. Mainly prepare oral activities, where students show motivation.

In topic-based work, which step ensures the material connects to students’ interests and context?. Planning time. Collecting the material. Assessing. . Choosing the topic.

Which psychological foundation underlies the Audiolingual Method?. . Humanism. Behaviorism. . Constructivism. . Cognitivism.

Students work in groups to plan a cultural event in English. They negotiate roles and dates, then present their plan to the class. Which approach is being applied?. Audio-lingual Method. . Communicative Language Teaching. Direct Method. Grammar-Translation Method.

Which of the following best explains why topic-based work is effective in children’s language learning?. It relies on vocabulary and memorization. It requires strict grammar drills. It eliminates the need for assessment. It emphasizes creativity and links across subjects.

A teacher notices her students struggle to follow a recorded conversation. She decides to use pre-listening activities where students predict the topic and key vocabulary before listening. Which principle of teaching listening is being applied?. Intensive reading. Listening as comprehension. Memorization drills. . Listening as acquisition.

Which principle of the Natural Approach emphasizes that students should first listen extensively before speaking?. Recognition precedes production. . Grammar mastery before communication. Translation supports learning. Memorization ensures fluency.

A CLIL science lesson integrates content, communication, and culture, but the teacher forgets higher-order thinking tasks. Which “C” is missing?. Cognition. Communication. Content. Culture.

Which of the following best describes scaffolding in language learning?. Using translation as the main method. Assigning independent projects without support. Providing structured support that is gradually removed. Requiring memorization of grammar charts.

Which factor is an internal cause of motivational problems in teachers?. Government policies. Students’ attendance. Teachers’ self-perception of linguistic identity. Classroom technology.

Which of the following strategies most strongly develops learner autonomy in university students?. Students memorize vocabulary lists only. Teacher decides all topics and activities. Students engage in self-assessment and goal setting. Teacher reduces feedback to promote independence.

What is the most common unit of progression in language courses?. Vocabulary and grammar. . Culture. Pronunciation. Discourse.

What is the main purpose of diagnostic assessment?. To evaluate final proficiency. To measure daily progress. To compare schools’ performance. To identify weaknesses before or during a course.

Why is curiosity essential for developing critical thinking in EFL learners?. It leads to better memorization of grammar rules. It prevents mistakes. It makes learners dependent on teachers. It encourages learners to actively seek information beyond textbooks.

A teacher uses peer feedback and reflective journals to help students evaluate their own progress. This practice aligns with which assessment trend?. Summative-only assessment. Learning-Oriented Assessment (LOA). Achievement testing. Diagnostic assessment.

Which strategy best promotes active learning in EFL critical thinking classes?. Teacher lectures exclusively. Memorizing textbook definitions. Encouraging students to ask “why” and “how” questions. . Silent reading without interaction.

A teacher asks students to analyze a controversial news article, question sources, and propose interpretations. Which critical thinking skill is developed?. Focusing only on grammar. Memorizing details. Avoiding discussion. Maintaining an open mind.

A school states that 8th graders must reach B1, while high-school graduates can finish at A1. B2 for 8th graders; A1 for graduates. A2 for 8th graders; C1 for graduates. A1 for 8th grade; B1 for graduates. B1 for 8th graders; A1 for graduates.

In a multicultural EFL class, students argue due to cultural misunderstandings. The teacher organizes dialogue to resolve it. Grammar correction. Silent observation. Mediation and conflict resolution. Strict discipline.

In a school, one teacher designs a linear course (simple to complex), while another designs modules on “Shopping English”, “Emergency English”, etc., independent of each other. Which statement best explains the difference?. Both depend on previous lessons. Linear sequencing only works in advanced levels. Linear depends on prior content; modular units are independent. Modular sequencing is impossible in EFL.

A teacher notices students demotivated with grammar drills, so she integrates a project where they design a cultural festival in English. • Which approach is best reflected?. Grammar Translation Method. Direct Method. Project-Based Instruction. Audio-Lingual Method.

Which statement best describes a modular approach to curriculum sequencing?. It always follows grammar order. It eliminates the need for assessment. It requires cumulative prior lessons. Each unit is independent and complete in itself.

Even though teachers cannot change national curriculum objectives, what can they do?. Redesign national guidelines. Remove curricular threads. Promote differentiated instruction. Modify CEFR levels.

What is the purpose of the “Five-Minute Rule” in classroom atmosphere?. To create early connections and set a positive tone. To correct errors immediately. To establish silence and control. To test students with quizzes.

A teacher structures a B1 course around topics only, ignoring vocabulary/grammar. What is the risk?. It guarantees fast grammar mastery. It eliminates the need for assessment. It may neglect vocabulary appropriateness and grammar coverage. It ensures stronger fluency than accuracy.

A teacher introduces a topic by brainstorming, showing images, and relating it to prior experiences. • Which stage of a lesson is being applied?. Controlled practice. Evaluation of outcomes. Activation of prior knowledge. Production phase.

A teacher administers a test before a course starts to identify students’ weaknesses in grammar and vocabulary. Which type of assessment is this?. Diagnostic test. Achievement test. Short-term assessment. Proficiency test.

Which of the following is one of the five curricular threads in the Ecuadorian EFL curriculum?. Use of English. Oral Communication. Art Appreciation. Participation.

What role does oral language play in critical thinking development according to Vygotsky?. It organizes and develops mental processes. It only helps pronunciation. It distracts students from real thinking. It eliminates the need for writing.

Which is a characteristic of achievement tests?. They are based on course content. They do not align with curriculum goals. They are always standardized. They are applied before a course starts.

A teacher asks students to submit reflective journals about their language learning. Norm-referenced test. Summative testing. Standardized exam. Alternative assessment.

What is the main role of feedback in evaluation?. Memorization tool. Grade justification. Punishment. Corrective learning guidance.

Which of the following best defines needs analysis?. Selecting coursebooks randomly. Identifying learners’ necessities, lacks, and wants. Motivating teachers. Grammar study only.

What is the main benefit of annual planning?. Reduces workload. . Focuses on exams. Avoids evaluation. Aligns curriculum and assessment.

Mr. López is an experienced English teacher who loves explaining grammar rules in detail. During his lessons, he uses PowerPoint slides filled with verb conjugation tables and long explanations. However, he notices that most students seem disengaged — some take notes passively, while others lose focus or stop participating altogether. At the end of the class, when he asks questions, only a few students respond, and the majority show little understanding of how to apply the grammar in real communication. Mr. López realizes that his students are not connecting theory with practical language use. • What should he do to make his classes more engaging and effective for his students?. Incorporate visual and audio-visual aids such as videos, flashcards, and short role-plays to illustrate grammar in context. Provide longer explanations of grammar rules to ensure comprehension. Remove grammar activities and focus only on vocabulary. Assign more grammar exercises for homework.

Two teachers grade the same essay and give very different scores. Authenticity. Practicality. Validity. Reliability.

Ms. Rivera teaches in a rural area with low connectivity. She wonders if she should use only textbooks or design materials with magazines. Use textbooks. Combine authentic materials and textbooks. Avoid material design. Use online apps.

During an oral communication course, Ms. Torres assigns her students a final presentation in which they must describe a cultural festival from their country. To ensure fairness and clarity in grading, she designs a detailed rubric divided into several criteria: pronunciation, fluency, vocabulary, grammar accuracy, and interaction with the audience. Each category includes clear descriptors and a specific point range. During the presentations, Ms. Torres listens carefully and assigns a score for each aspect rather than giving one overall grade. Afterward, students receive their rubrics with written comments explaining their strengths and areas for improvement. Many students express that this method helped them understand precisely what they did well and what they need to work on for future presentations. • What type of rubric is Ms. Torres applying?. Norm-referenced rubric. Diagnostic rubric. Holistic rubric. Analytic rubric.

An English program at a local technical institute focuses primarily on grammar drills and written exercises. Throughout the course, students complete worksheets, memorize verb forms, and pass grammar quizzes successfully. However, when they are asked to perform simple real-life tasks—such as ordering food in a restaurant, asking for directions, or greeting a foreign visitor— they struggle to express themselves fluently and confidently. Teachers notice that, although students understand the rules of grammar, they cannot transfer that knowledge into authentic communicative situations. This situation concerns the academic coordinator, who realizes that the curriculum may not be addressing the actual communicative needs of the learners. Which category of needs does this situation illustrate?. Motivation. Necessity. Lack. Want.

A student named Daniel takes a standardized English proficiency test designed for an international audience. Although he has a solid command of grammar and vocabulary, he struggles to understand several reading passages that refer to unfamiliar holidays, idiomatic expressions, and culturally specific topics that do not exist in his local context. As a result, Daniel receives a much lower score than expected, not because of a lack of linguistic ability, but due to the cultural assumptions embedded in the test. His teacher realizes that the exam does not accurately reflect the student’s communicative competence or real-world language performance. • Which type of assessment could reduce this kind of cultural bias and provide a more accurate representation of Daniel’s abilities?. Longer grammar exams. Online quizzes only. Alternative tasks with real-life focus. More multiple-choice tests.

During the first week of classes, Ms. Herrera decides to conduct short interviews with her students to learn more about their interests and motivations for learning English. As she talks with them, she discovers that many students already have clear personal goals. For example, some want to improve their English to understand their favorite songs and movies without subtitles; others mention they would like to travel or communicate with international friends on social media. A smaller group says they need English mainly for academic or professional purposes. After gathering this information, Ms. Herrera reflects on how different students’ reasons for learning may influence her lesson planning and the type of materials she should use in class. What kind of need does this situation illustrate according to the process of needs analysis?. Objective needs. Necessities. Lacks. Wants.

Which of the following represents authentic assessment?. Writing and presenting a real-world task. Grammar worksheet. Memorization. Multiple-choice quizzes.

What is triangulation in evaluation?. Testing grammar. Using multiple evidence sources for reliability. Ignoring feedback. Using one exam repeatedly.

A teacher collects data through interviews and questionnaires. This refers to: Observation. Peer review. Standardized testing. Needs analysis techniques.

What should be prioritized in oral tests to encourage communicative performance?. Pronunciation drills. Memorization of dialogues. Fluency. Grammar accuracy.

In an inclusive English classroom, a teacher provides scaffolds like sentence starters and visual prompts for learners with emerging proficiency. Constructivist and inclusive teaching principles. Assessment-focused instruction. Pure memorization techniques. Structural grammar teaching.

Why is data triangulation essential in an EFL action research project?. It ensures only teachers’ opinions are considered. It focuses exclusively on test scores. It minimizes bias by integrating classroom data, learner feedback, and peer observation. It replaces qualitative evidence with quantitative results.

A reflective EFL teacher notices that advanced students dominate discussions. Which inclusive strategy aligns with critical pedagogy?. Removing strong students from discussions. Assigning leadership roles to quieter students to balance power dynamics. Ignoring participation differences. Conducting grammar drills instead of discussions.

In a speaking lesson, learners are given options to perform a role-play, record a podcast, or deliver a presentation. This activity illustrates: Behaviorist reinforcement. Multiple means of expression. Assessment standardization. Direct instruction.

A student-teacher records classroom observations and uses them to adjust future lessons. Which concept does this reflect within professional EFL practice?. Prescriptive lesson planning. Action research and reflective teaching. Isolated teacher supervision. Summative evaluation.

A teacher trainee insists on using one textbook without modification for every class. From an inclusive pedagogy perspective, what key principle is being overlooked?. Consistency. Teacher-centered management. Flexibility and adaptation to learners’ needs. Standardized planning.

An EFL instructor applies transformational leadership in a collaborative research project. What behavior best illustrates this style?. Imposing methods without discussion. Inspiring colleagues with a shared vision of innovation in English teaching. Prioritizing evaluation over collaboration. Avoiding classroom experimentation.

During practicum, a student-teacher modifies listening activities to include transcripts, visuals, and gestures for learners with different comprehension levels. Which UDL principle guides this adaptation?. Learner autonomy. Multiple means of representation. Multiple means of engagement. Multiple means of expression.

Why should future English teachers engage in action research during practicum?. To compare student grades across institutions. To replicate teaching models without questioning them. To prepare administrative reports for supervisors. To investigate their own practices and develop evidence-based strategies.

A future English teacher creates a peer mentoring system where advanced learners support beginners. This reflects: Competitive individual learning. Teacher-centered management. Collaborative and inclusive classroom leadership. Segregation by proficiency.

In an inclusive English classroom, a teacher provides scaffolds like sentence starters and visual prompts for learners with emerging proficiency. This practice demonstrates: Structural grammar teaching. Assessment-focused instruction. Pure memorization techniques. Constructivist and inclusive teaching principles.

A pre-service English teacher asks learners for feedback about class activities and uses their comments to redesign lessons. What professional principle does this reflect?. Teacher authority and control. Learner-centered reflection and co-construction of learning. Compliance with institutional policy. Reliance on pre-determined syllabi.

In a post-observation meeting, a mentor asks a practicum student: "How did your decisions influence student participation and motivation?" What is the mentor promoting?. Reflective inquiry into pedagogical decision-making. Administrative compliance. Behavioral correction. Technical evaluation of teaching.

A future EFL teacher promotes diversity by designing tasks where students share linguistic and cultural experiences through English. What pedagogical approach does this reflect?. Inclusive pedagogy valuing linguistic diversity as a resource. Traditional grammar-translation focused on accuracy. Behaviorist conditioning of language forms. Structuralist approach emphasizing native norms.

An EFL teacher reflects: "My classroom management is effective, but weaker students remain silent during communicative tasks." Which professional skill should the teacher develop to address this issue?. Punitive discipline for inactive students. Critical reflection and differentiated instruction. Elimination of group work. More grammar translation exercises.

An EFL teacher introduces multilingual writing journals where students may use both English and their L1. From an inclusion standpoint, this approach: Weakens English-only immersion. Violates assessment standards. Reduces language accuracy. Promotes translanguaging as a bridge to conceptual understanding.