Topic 3. The Communication Process. Functions of Language

Halliday (1973) defined communication as «the exchange and negotiation of information between at least two individuals through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols, oral and written, and production and comprehension processes.». True. False.

Which are the interactional rules of Grice's cooperative principle?. Negotiation. Mutual cooperation. The transmission of meanings. Interactional rules.

Which are the types of communication in Semiotics according to the exchange of information flow?. One-way communication and two-way communication. Verbal and non-verbal.

Which are the two types of communication according to the system of signs used?. Verbal (language) and Non-verbal (gestures, facial expressions, mimics or physical contact). One-way communication or two-way communication.

Which are the two main functions of language according to linguists?. It is the fundamental means for thought. It is an essential tool for communication. It is exclusive to humans.

Linguists thought that describing the linguistic form of language would describe all the elements involved in communication. Name two examples of this approach: Structuralism. Generative transformational grammar. Behaviourism. Communicative language teaching.

Mark the main features of communication according to Breen and Candlin and Widdowson: It is a form of social interaction. It involves a high degree of unpredictability and creativity. It happens in socio-cultural contexts. It has a purpose and involves authentic language. It is determined by the actual outcome of the communicative act. All of the above.

According to Ferdinand de Saussure (structuralist) , the signified is. a meaning carried by an element of a langue (a linguistic system). an element of a language.

According to Ferdinand de Saussure (structuralist), the signifier is. a meaning carried by an element of a langue (a linguistic system). an element of a language.

Which are the functions of language according to Malinowsky?. Pragmatic and magical. Pragmatic and expressive. Expressive, conative and phatic.

The context of situation is divided into... Field, tenor and mode. Culture and genre.

Which are the functions of language according to Karl Buhler?. Expressive, conative and phatic. Poetic, phatic and metalinguistic.

Which are the language functions according to Jakobson?. Referential, emotive, phatic,conative, poetic, metalinguistic. Representative, emotive, directive, poetic, phatic, metalinguistic.

Which are the language functions according to Hymes?. Referential, expressive, phatic, poetic, metalinguistic, directive. Referential, emotive , phatic, poetic, metalinguistic, conative.

Which are the functions of language according to Halliday?. Instrumental. Informative. Personal. Regulatory. Interactional. Imaginative. Heuristic. Conative.

What is the meaning of the instrumental function in Halliday?. It is used to express needs. It is used to convey facts and information.

What is the meaning of the informative function in Halliday?. It is used to convey facts and information. It is used to express needs. It is used to tell others what to do.

What is the use of the personal function of Halliday?. It is used to convey facts and information. It is used to tell others what to do. It is used to express feelings. It is used to connect to others.

What is the meaning of the heuristic function?. It is used to express needs. It is used to express feelings. It is used to gain knowledge about the environment.

What is the meaning of the interactional function?. It is used to connect to others. It is used to express feelings. It is used to connect to others.

Mark Halliday's metafunctions: Ideational. Interpersonal. Textual. Personal. Instrumental.

Mark the definition of competence: The language in daily communication. The knowledge of language which is innate.

Which are the four aspects of the communicative competence?. Systematic potential. Appropriacy. Occurence. Feasibility. SPEAKING model.

Canale and Swain divided the communicative competence into: Grammar, discourse, sociolinguistic, and strategic competence. Grammar, linguistic, sociolinguistic and paralinguistic competence.

Definition of the strategic competence: It is related to the effectiveness and compensating for meaning. It is related to communicating with cohesion, coherence, successfully.

Definition of discourse competence (Canale and Swain). It is related to the effectiveness and compensating for meaning. It is related to communication with cohesion, coherence, successfully.

Which are the types of speech acts according to purpose: Representatives. Directives. Comissives. Expressives. Declaratives. Phatic.

The illocutionary act is related to... The purpose of a message. The effect of a message. The language itself.

The perlocutionary act is related to... The purpose of a message. The effect of a message. The language itself.

Mark the elements of conversation analysis (Sacks): Turn-taking. Adjacency pairs. Preferred or dispreferred response. Overall organisation.

In a Face Threatening Act (FTA), there are different strategies: Bald on record strategies. Positive politeness. Negative politeness. Off-record (open). Record strategies.

Which is the purpose of off-record strategies?. Not to respect each other. There is no clear interpretation. They respect each other.