Topic 39 + 40. Strategies of text.Communication Strategies

What are the structural features present in a text?. The thematic structure- theme + rheme- and information structure. The reference, subsitution, ellipsis, lexical cohesion and conjunction.

What are the cohesive features of a text?. The thematic structure- theme+rheme- and information structure. The reference, subsitution, ellipsis, lexical cohesion and conjunction.

The................ depends on attaining a goal of the writer and the text. Effectiveness. Efficacy.

The ______________ depends on the use of the text in communication. Efficiency. Effectiveness.

What is the principle of quantity according to Grice?. To give as much information as required. To make a true and adequate contribution.

What is the principle of quality according to Grice?. To give as much information as required. To make a true and adequate contribution.

Which are the six communicative functions according to Jakobson?. Referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalinguistic, and aesthetic. Directive, commissive, expressive, assertives, declaratives.

What is the textual genre according to Jakobson?. It is a communicative interaction with a specific functioni, which happens under certain conditions, is manifested in a thematic discourse, constructed with a structure and stylistic choices. It will tend to define a particular way of speaking or writing and to shape the vocabulary, including how frequently particular words appear.

Join these theoretical preliminaries: Subject of the passage. Manner and tone. Language of the text. Vocabulary and sentence structure. Viewpoint.

Crystal created 4 terms for style: Style as the habits of a person. Style as the habits of a group. Style in a evaluative sense, referring to effectiveness. Style in literary language, evaluative and descriptive. Style in daily language, as descriptive.

Mark the 2 evaluative styles according to Crystal: Style as an individual. Style as a group. Style as effectiveness. Style in literary language and criticism.

What are the levels of analysis according to Crystal and Davy?. Linguistic and stylistic. Grammatical and lexical. Cohesion and coherence.

Mark the categories in the linguisic analysis of Crystal and Davy: Phonetic or graphetic, phonological, grammatical, lexical and semantic. Inter sentence, sentence clause and word typology.

Mark the stylistic dimensions of analysis of Crystal and Davy. Phonetic or graphetic, phonological, grammatical, lexical and semantic. Individuality, dialect, time, discourse: medium, participation, status and province, modality and singularity.

What is modality?. The words related to the purpose of an utterance. Unusual forms of language in a conventional context.

What is singularity?. The words related to the purpose of an utterance. Unusual forms of language in a conventional context.

What is intersentence relationships?. Compounds and complex clauses and patterns. Patterns of predicates - attributes, object complement, adverbial complements.

What is clause typology?. Patterns of predicates - attributes, object complement, adverbial complements. Compound and complex clauses and patterns.

What are the level of analysis according to Leech and Short?. Phonetic or graphetic, phonological, grammatical, lexical and semantic. Lexical, grammatical, figures of speech, cohesion and context.

What is the difference between sentence and clause types in Leech and Short analysis?. Sentence can be statements, questions, commands, exclamations and their uses and clauses can be dependent, finite and non-finite. Clauses can be statements, questions, commands, exclamations and their uses and sentences can be dependent, finite and non-finite.

What is the clause structure?. The fronting, inversions and special constructions. If there are -ing, -ed and verbless clauses.

What is the difference between lexical and grammatical categories?. The lexical categories study the type of words in depth and the grammatical ones focuse on coherence and structures. The grammatical categories study the type of words in depth and the lexical ones focuse on coherence and structures.

How can nouns be analysed lexically?. With abstract or concrete, semantic field, proper names. If they are simple or complex, if they have prefixes and suffixes, and premodification or post-modification.

How can nouns be analused grammatically?. If they are simple or complex, if they have prefixes and suffixes, and premodification or post-modification. With abstract or concrete, semantic field, proper names.

What are the figures of speech?. They are tropes like: neologisms, lexical collocations, semantic, syntactic deviations. They are metaphors, paradox, metonymy, simili, irony.

How can context be analysed in a text?. It is an analysis of the addresser- addressee relation, and if it is writen in first person. It only depends on the external factors and how they influence the style of the writer.

How many features of communication distinguished Charles Hockett? (40). Thirteen. Five.

What is the definition of communicative competence by Hymes?. It is part of the linguistic competence but the communicative is less important than linguistic competence. It is not part of the linguistic competence, the communicative is bigger and the head of the linguistic competence.

What is systematic potential?. Native speaker posseses a system that has potential for creating a lot of language. It is knowing when speaker knows what language is appropriate in a situation.

What is appropriacy?. The speaker knows how often something is said. It is knowing when speaker knows what language is appropriate in a situation.

What are the key factors in Shannon and Weaver's linear model?. Information source, transmitter, message and signal, channel, receiver and destination. Information source, transmitter, channel, receiver and destination.

Link these models. Linear models. Dynamic models.

Link these aspects of non-verbal communication: Sign language. Gestures. Body language. Hand gestures.

Link these aspect of Goffman's Theory of communication constraints: Channel open and close signals. Backchannel signals. Turnover signals. Acoustically adequate and interpretable signals. Non-participant constraints. Bracket signals. Pre-empt signals. Gricean norms.

What are the ritual constraints?. They interact with system contraints from a social point of view. They are examples of the system constraints in each context. Both of them.