VARIACIONES FONÉTICAS Y FONOLÓGICAS APPENDIX 1

Cardinal vowel no. 1: close front unrounded vowel (also used for RP /i:/). /i/. /ɪ/.

Lax Cardinal vowel no. 1: centralised (fairly front) fairly close unrounded vowel (as in RP hit). /i/. /ɪ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 3: open-mid front unrunded vowel (also used for RP in red). /e/. /ɛ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 5: open front unrunded vowel. /a/. /ɛ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 6: open mid back rounded vowel (also used for RP /ɔ:/). /a/. /ɔ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 7: close mid back rounded vowel. /o/. /ɔ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 8: close back rounded vowel (also used for RP /u:/ in do). /u/. /o/.

Cardinal vowel no. 10: close-mid front rounded vowel. /ø/. /ʊ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 13: open back rounded vowel (also used for RP in doll). /ø/. /ɒ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 14: Open-mid back unrounded vowel (also used for RP in cup). /ʌ/. /ɒ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 15: close-mid back unrounded vowel. /ʌ/. /ɤ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 18: close central rounded vowel. /u/. /ʉ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 23: close-mid central rounded vowel. /ə/. /ɵ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 24: fairly open central unrounded vowel. /ɐ/. /ɵ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 25: fairly open front unrounded vowel (also used for RP in cat/. /ɐ/. /æ/.

Cardinal vowel no. 26: open-mid central unrounded vowel (also used for RP in bird). /ɜ/. /ɛ/.

Indicates long vowel (as in RP /i/, /u:/, /ɑ:/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/). ˑ. ː.

Indicates half long vowel. ˑ. ː.

Indicates more closed (or raised) vowel or more closed consontant. V̝,C̝. V̞,C̞.

Indicates more open (or lowered vowel or more open consontant). V̝,C̝. V̞,C̞.

Indicates more front (or advanced tongue root ) vowel or consonant. V̘C̘. V̙C̙.

Indicates more back (or retracted tongue root ) vowel or consonant. V̘C̘. V̙C̙.