Otorrino Seminars Key points

Q. ⚠️ What is the most common site of epistaxis?.

⚠️ Which artery is the main source of posterior epistaxis?.

⚠️ A 13-year-old boy has recurrent unilateral epistaxis. What must be excluded? Answer: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

⚠️ What is the stepwise management of epistaxis?.

When is posterior nasal packing indicated?.

⚠️ What is true of Rendu–Osler–Weber disease (HHT)?.

⚠️ Laryngeal dyspnoea is usually of which type?.

Which structure should always be visible on anterior rhinoscopy?.

⚠️ Which conditions cause epistaxis in children?.

Which orbital walls are most often involved in blow-out fractures?.

Which arteries supply the nasal cavity?.

⚠️ Which are local causes of epistaxis?.

What are the systemic causes of epistaxis?.

What are the causes of laryngeal dyspnoea in children?.

What is the rule for an upper airway obstruction?.

SEMINAR 3 – COMPLICATIONS OF ACUTE TONSILLITIS.

⚠️ Where does a peritonsillar abscess develop?.

⚠️ What are the signs of a peritonsillar abscess?.

⚠️ How is a peritonsillar abscess treated?.

⚠️ Is one peritonsillar abscess an absolute indication for tonsillectomy?.

⚠️ In which abscess is trismus usually absent?.

What are the signs of a parapharyngeal abscess?.

⚠️ What is the most dangerous downward spread of deep neck infection?.

⚠️ What is Lemierre syndrome?.

What is Ludwig's angina as a tonsillitis complication?.

Which systemic complications can follow streptococcal tonsillitis?.

What is Chiari's point?.

Which antibiotics are used for parapharyngeal/retropharyngeal abscess?.

Which rare but fatal vascular complication may follow a deep neck infection?.

⚠️ Which symptom is LEAST characteristic of a peritonsillar abscess?.

What are the local complications of acute tonsillitis?.

SEMINAR 4 – TUMOURS OF THE ORAL CAVITY.

⚠️ What is the most common malignant tumour of the oral cavity? Answer: Squamous cell carcinoma.

⚠️ What are the main risk factors for oral cancer?.

⚠️ Which oral lesions are premalignant?.

What is leukoplakia?.

⚠️ Which oral cavity region carries the highest risk of malignancy?.

⚠️ To which TNM group does a floor-of-mouth cancer belong?.

What is the sequence of dysplasia progression?.

How does oral SCC spread?.

Why may buccal mucosa cancer cause trismus?.

How are oral cancers diagnosed and treated?.

Which features distinguish lip cancer?.

How does HPV-positive oral/oropharyngeal cancer differ?.

⚠️ Which symptoms should raise suspicion of oral cancer?.

To which lymph nodes does palatal carcinoma spread?.